白术挥发油/β-环糊精包合物的表征

 目的　有效表征白术挥发油/β-环糊精(β-CD)包合物。方法　采用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、差热分析、红外光谱等手段,研究白术挥发油/β-CD包合前后理化性状等的变化。 结果　与β-环糊精相比较,包合物在X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、差热分析以及红外光谱等方面存在显著差异。结论　白术挥发油/β-CD包合物形成后具有明显的特征,可表征包合的形成,同时为包合物制剂学研究和质量控制提供依据。     

国产贝母属植物化学成分的研究进展

综述国产贝母属植物的化学成分，包括结构类型、物理常数以及其来源植物，探讨贝母属植物化学成分的规律性，为贝母化学成分的深入研究提供方向。     

分子蒸馏技术在中药研究中的应用

分子蒸馏技术是近年来应用渐多的一种新的分离纯化技术，在食品和化工行业应用较多，中药研究与开发方面的应用报道不多，我们将这项技术用于新药有效部位研究中，成功地富集了多种超临界萃取物中的有效成分，取得很好的效果。     

心肌细胞膜固定相色谱研究中药川芎提取液与受体的作用

目的 :研究中药川芎提取液与心肌细胞膜受体的作用。方法 :将家兔心肌细胞膜固定在硅胶载体上制成色谱固定相 ,通过川芎水提液和醇提液与心肌细胞膜上已知受体的部分激动剂和拮抗剂在心肌细胞膜色谱柱上保留特性的对比 ,以及流动相中加入心肌细胞膜上已知受体激动剂或拮抗剂时由于竞争结合而产生的对提取液色谱保留特性的影响 ,研究川芎提取液与心肌细胞膜受体的作用。结果 :水提液和醇提液在心肌细胞膜色谱柱上均有保留行为 ;水提液保留特性受α受体阻断剂竞争结合的影响 ,而不受 β₁受体激动剂的影响。结论 :川芎水提液中可能含有与α受体作用的有效成分、不含有与 β₁受体作用的有效成分 ,醇提液中亦含有与心肌细胞膜受体作用的成分。将细胞膜固定在色谱填料上 ,能够进行模仿药物在体内与受体作用的有关过程 ,不仅可以用于药物筛选 ,还可以用于揭示其所作用的受体类型。     

中药麻黄炮制前后生物碱和挥发油的变化

目的:分析麻黄蜜炙后生物碱与挥发油两类主要成分的变化.方法:用气质联用方法分析蜜炙后挥发性成分的变化,按<中国药典>测麻黄总碱的方法比较蜜炙后麻黄总碱的变化情况.结果:蜜炙后挥发性成分变化较大,其中异桉叶素、对-聚伞花素、D-柠檬烯、桉叶素、T-萜品烯等含量显著升高,苯甲醛、四甲基吡嗪、对乙烯基茴香醚、1-α-松油醇、T-松油醇等含量均降低;总生物碱含量则均表现为减少.结论:麻黄蜜炙后辛散发汗力减弱,润肺平喘作用增强,可能与总碱含量减少及挥发油特征变化有关,这为研究古人的炮制机理提供新的实验依据.     

甘露消毒颗粒中挥发油的指纹图谱建立

目的:对甘露消毒颗粒(飞滑石、绵茵陈、淡黄芩等)中的挥发油进行研究,建立其挥发油的指纹图谱.方法:用毛细管气相色谱法.结果:所建立的挥发油指纹图谱,有色谱峰约56个,其中特征峰17个(占总面积的86.97%),其共有峰的相对保留时间RSD的平均值为0.33%,相对峰面积RSD的平均值为2.76%.结论:用此法可以建立有效的指纹图谱,给甘露消毒丹的质量控制提供了方法.     

A comparison of anaesthesia using remifentanil combined with either isoflurane, enflurane or propofol in patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy, varicose vein or arthroscopic surgery

BACKGROUND: Anaesthesia comprising remifentanil plus isoflurane, enflurane or propofol was randomly evaluated in 285, 285 and 284 patients, respectively, undergoing short-procedure surgery. METHODS: Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (0.5 mg x kg(-1) and 10 mg x 10 s(-1)), and a remifentanil bolus (1 microg x kg(-1)) and infusion at 0.5 microg x g(-1) x min(-1). Five minutes after intubation, remifentanil infusion was halved and 0.5 MAC of isoflurane or enflurane, or propofol at 100 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) were started and titrated for maintenance. RESULTS: Patient demography and anaesthesia duration were similar between the groups. Surgery was performed as daycases (52%) or inpatients (48%). The median times (5-7 min) to extubation and postoperative recovery were similar between the groups. Responses to tracheal intubation (15% vs 8%) and skin incision (13% vs 7%) were significantly greater in the total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) group (P<0.05). Fewer patients given remifentanil and isoflurane (21%) or enflurane (19%) experienced > or =1 intraoperative stress response compared to the TIVA group (28%) (P<0.05). Median times to qualification for and actual recovery room discharge were 0.5-0.6 h and 1.1-1.2 h, respectively. The most common remifentanil-related symptoms were muscle rigidity (6-7%) at induction, hypotension (3-5%) and bradycardia (1-4%) intraoperatively and, shivering (6-7%), nausea and vomiting postoperatively. Nausea (7%) and vomiting (3%) were significantly lower with TIVA compared with inhaled anaesthetic groups (14-15% and 6-8%, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Anaesthesia combining remifentanil with volatile hypnotics or TIVA with propofol was effective and well tolerated. Times of extubation, postanaesthesia recovery and recovery room discharge were rapid, consistent and similar for all three regimens.     

The pharmacokinetics of anesthetic drugs and adjuvants during cardiopulmonary bypass

The institution of cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery has profound effects on the plasma concentration of drugs and thus their therapeutic effectiveness. These changes occur through acute hemodilution, altered plasma protein binding, hypotension, as well as the use of hypothermia and heparin administration. Isolation of the lungs from the circulation and the possible sequestration of drugs in the bypass circuit also affect drug plasma concentrations on bypass. The individual characteristics of the drug in question are also important in determining the final plasma concentration: Lipid soluble drugs with a high volume of distribution may be more readily taken up by bypass equipment, but the initial fall in concentration at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass may be more readily counteracted by back diffusion into plasma, if large tissue stores have accumulated. The extent of the drug's plasma protein binding is of importance as the effective free fraction in plasma for highly bound drugs will be sensitive to changes in plasma protein binding brought on by factors such as hemodilution, heparin administration as well as alpha, acid-glycoprotein binding. Clearly the fate of drugs administered before or on bypass is complex and can only be accurately determined by specific studies evaluating drug plasma concentrations. This review updates the available data on anesthetics and drugs used during cardiac surgery in order that anesthetists may predict better the likely effect of drugs administered before or during cardiopulmonary bypass.     

Closed loop control of anaesthesia: an assessment of the bispectral index as the target of control

We investigated the performance of a closed-loop system for administration of general anaesthesia, using the bispectral index as a target for control. One hundred patients undergoing gynaecological or general surgery were studied. In 60 patients, anaesthesia was maintained by intravenous infusion of a propofol/alfentanil mixture. In 40, an isoflurane/nitrous oxide based technique was used. For each technique, patients were randomly allocated to receive either closed-loop or manually controlled administration of the relevant agents (propofol/alfentanil or isoflurane), with an intra-operative target bispectral index of 50 in all cases. Closed-loop and manually controlled administration of anaesthesia resulted in similar intra-operative conditions and initial recovery characteristics. During maintenance of anaesthesia, cardiovascular and electro-encephalographic variables did not differ between closed-loop and manual control groups and deviation of bispectral index from the target value was similar. Intra-operative concentrations of propofol, alfentanil and isoflurane were within normal clinical ranges. Episodes of light anaesthesia were more common in the closed-loop group for patients receiving propofol/alfentanil anaesthesia and in the manual group for patients receiving isoflurane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Convenience aside, the closed-loop system showed no clinical advantage over conventional, manually adjusted techniques of anaesthetic administration.     

用VEF值评价地铁车站内挥发性有机物的污染水平

[目的 ]评价地铁车站内站台和站厅挥发性有机物 (VOCs)的污染水平 ,并判断来源。 [方法 ]用气相色谱质谱联用仪对地铁车站站台和站厅挥发性有机物浓度进行测定 ,并用挥发性有机物富集指数 (VEF)进行分析。 [结果 ]两车站站台和站厅监测点白天及夜晚的CO2 浓度差异存在显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,监测点白天和夜晚的VOCs浓度差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。地铁车站内VOCs的主要来源来自其自身室内排放源 ,室外污染物浓度及通风状况等可能对室内VOCs有影响。 [结论 ]地铁车站内存在VOCs污染 ,用VEF评价地铁车站内VOCs污染状况 ,能较简便、准确地反映其污染物来源 ,并可比较不同车站之间VOCs的浓度水平