Long-Term Outcomes of Complete Revascularization With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndromes

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with multivessel disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundControversy exists regarding the benefit of multivessel PCI across the spectrum of ACS.MethodsA total of 9,094 patients with ACS and multivessel disease (≥70% stenosis in 2 or more major epicardial vessels) undergoing PCI from the Alberta COAPT (Contemporary Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Invasive Treatment Strategies) registry (April 1, 2007, to March 31, 2013) were reviewed. Comparisons were made between patients who underwent complete revascularization and those with incomplete revascularization. Complete revascularization was defined as multivessel PCI with a residual angiographic jeopardy score ≤10%. Associations between revascularization status and all-cause death or new myocardial infarction (primary composite endpoint) and all-cause death, new myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization (secondary composite endpoint) were evaluated.ResultsOf the study cohort, 66.0% underwent complete revascularization. Compared with incomplete revascularization, the primary composite endpoint occurred less frequently with complete revascularization (event rate within 5 years 15.4% vs. 22.2%; inverse probability-weighted hazard ratio [IPW-HR]: 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73 to 0.84; p < 0.0001). The secondary composite endpoint was less likely to occur with complete revascularization (event rate within 5 years 23.3% vs. 37.5%; IPW-HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.65; p < 0.0001). Complete revascularization was associated with a reduction in all-cause death (IPW-HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.86; p = 0.0004), new myocardial infarction (IPW-HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.84; p < 0.0001), and repeat revascularization (IPW-HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.57; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsResults from this large contemporary registry of patients with ACS and PCI for multivessel disease suggest that complete revascularization occurs commonly and is associated with improved clinical outcomes (including survival) within 5 years.     

牙髓血管再生术治疗13例年轻恒牙感染根管的疗效观察

目的观察年轻恒牙感染根管牙髓血管再生治疗的临床疗效,评价年轻恒牙血管再生治疗的可行性。方法 选取13例(16颗)牙髓感染或根尖周炎的年轻恒牙为研究对象,采用患牙常规开髓引流,2.5%次氯酸钠溶液冲洗根管,封氢氧化钙糊剂进行根管消毒。待临床症状消失后,无菌K锉刺破根尖周组织进行根管内引血,采用MTA充填、复合树脂进行冠方封闭。术后定期观察。结果 9颗术后牙根根尖周病变愈合,根管腔变小,牙根形成,其中有6颗根尖孔闭合; 4颗根尖孔闭合的患牙电活力测定显示有反应,3颗根尖周病变消失,牙根继续发育,根管壁增厚,牙根长度增长,根尖孔未闭合; 1颗失败,根尖周病变未消除。 结论 牙髓血管再生术是治疗年轻恒牙感染根管的有效方法。     

Effects of patient characteristics on the efficacy of complete revascularization for treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with multivessel disease: A meta-analysis

Background:Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the efficacy of complete vs culprit-only revascularization for treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with multivessel disease. However, the efficacy of complete revascularization vs culprit-only revascularization in some STEMI patient subgroups remains unclear.Methods:We searched PubMed and Embase for related RCTs from the start date of databases to January 3, 2020. The endpoint assessed in this meta-analysis was major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted stratified by each of the 5 factors of interest (i.e., sex, age, history of diabetes, ECG infarct location, and the number of arteries with stenosis) to estimate pooled hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval. Random-effects meta-regression was conducted to assess subgroup differences. We examined publication bias by drawing funnel plots and performing Egger test. This meta-analysis is reported according to the PRISMA statement.Results:Six RCTs were included for pooled analysis. Compared with culprit-only revascularization, complete revascularization significantly reduced the risk of MACE (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.55; I² = 0%; P for relative effect < .001). This significant reduction in the risk of MACE exhibited by complete revascularization was observed in most of the subgroups of interest. All of the subgroup effects based on the 5 factors of interest were not statistically significant (P_subgroup ranged from 0.198 to 0.556). Publication bias was not suggested by funnel plots and Egger test.Conclusions:Compared with culprit-only revascularization, complete revascularization significantly reduces the MACE risk in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease, which is independent of sex, age, history of diabetes, ECG infarct location, and the number of arteries with stenosis.     

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration Determines Outcome After 2- But Not 1-Stent Strategy in Left Main Bifurcation Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes after left main coronary artery (LM) bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the impact of the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) according to treatment strategy.

Stent-Related Adverse Events >1 Year After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

BackgroundThe majority of stent-related major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are believed to occur within the first year. Very-late (>1-year) stent-related MACE have not been well described.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and predictors of very-late stent-related events or MACE by stent type.MethodsIndividual patient data from 19 prospective, randomized metallic stent trials maintained at a leading academic research organization were pooled. Very-late MACE (a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction [MI], or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization [ID-TLR]), and target lesion failure (cardiac death, target-vessel MI, or ID-TLR) were assessed within year 1 and between 1 and 5 years after PCI with bare-metal stents (BMS), first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES1) and second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES2). A network meta-analysis was performed to evaluate direct and indirect comparisons.ResultsAmong 25,032 total patients, 3,718, 7,934, and 13,380 were treated with BMS, DES1, and DES2, respectively. MACE rates within 1 year after PCI were progressively lower after treatment with BMS versus DES1 versus DES2 (17.9% vs. 8.2% vs. 5.1%, respectively, p < 0.0001). Between years 1 and 5, very-late MACE occurred in 9.4% of patients (including 2.9% cardiac death, 3.1% MI, and 5.1% ID-TLR). Very-late MACE occurred in 9.7%, 11.0%, and 8.3% of patients treated with BMS, DES1, and DES2, respectively (p < 0.0001), linearly increasing between 1 and 5 years. Similar findings were observed for target lesion failure in 19,578 patients from 12 trials. Findings were confirmed in the network meta-analysis.ConclusionsIn this large-scale, individual patient data pooled study, very-late stent-related events occurred between 1 and 5 years after PCI at a rate of ∼2%/year with all stent types, with no plateau evident. New approaches are required to improve long-term outcomes after PCI.     

生物可吸收聚合物涂层药物洗脱支架与耐用聚合物涂层药物洗脱支架在冠心病合并糖尿病患者中应用的比较:临床试验Meta分析

目的分析在冠心病合并糖尿病患者中应用生物可吸收聚合物涂层药物洗脱支架的有效性和安全性。方法检索国内外数据库,检索对比生物可吸收聚合物涂层药物洗脱支架(BP-DES)与耐用聚合物涂层药物洗脱支架(DP-DES)在冠心病合并糖尿病患者应用的临床随机对照试验,主要结果为靶病变失败率、靶血管血运重建率、靶病变血运重建率以及心源性死亡率,用以评估有效性和安全性。结果共纳入14项随机对照试验,其中3855例患者应用BP-DES,2916例患者应用DP-DES,平均随访时间为2.9年。BP-DES对比DP-DES在整体的靶病变失败率为13.5%比12.8%(RR:1.07,95%CI:0.88~1.29,P=0.50),靶病变血运重建率以及靶血管血运重建率在整体上无统计学差异,根据随访时间小于3年、随访3年以及随访时间超过3年分为3组进行亚组分析,结果表明各个亚组之间均无统计学差异。BP-DES对比DP-DES总的心源性死亡率为6.2%比5.4%(RR:1.10,95%CI:0.90~1.34,P=0.35),根据随访时间进行亚组分析均无统计学差异。结论在冠心病合并糖尿病患者中,BP-DES对比DP-DES拥有类似的安全性和有效性。     

Lesion-Specific and Vessel-Related Determinants of Fractional Flow Reserve Beyond Coronary Artery Stenosis

Objectives

The aims of the present study were: 1) to investigate the contribution of the extent of luminal stenosis and other lesion composition-related factors in predicting invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR); and 2) to explore the distribution of various combinations of morphological characteristics and the severity of stenosis among lesions demonstrating normal and abnormal FFR.

High-Sensitivity Troponins and Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction

Background

It remains unknown how the introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) has affected the incidence, prognosis, and use of coronary angiographies and revascularizations in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).