方剂组织药理学新假说

方剂的作用特点是多成分、多途径、多环节、多靶点，其所含药效物质是方剂研究的核心，探索中药方剂的药效物质基础是中药现代化的关键之一。中药血清药理学、方剂药动学和药效学研究取得了一定的成绩，但是以进行体外研究为主，也没有深入到病变靶组织层次。以急性胰腺炎动物模型为研究对象，采用高效液相色谱一质谱联用技术与方法检测模型动物口服或灌肠后胰腺组织内的有效中药成分谱，进而提出方剂组织药理学的理论假说，即以中医基本理论为指导，用药理学的方法研究中药(方剂)有效成分对病变靶组织的影响及其作用原理的科学；建立其实验方法学，寻找中药方剂靶组织作用的基础、原理和直接药效物质基础；可能产生新的相互有效方剂，并开辟中药方剂研究新领域。     

痉、痿证方对大鼠脊髓持续性压迫损伤局部NGF、BDNF的调节作用

目的:研究大鼠脊髓持续性压迫后NGF、BDNF含量及NGF、BDNF原位基因表达变化,探讨痉、痿证方对大鼠脊髓持续性慢性损伤NGF、BDNF的影响.方法:采用大鼠颈椎前路螺钉压迫颈脊髓,螺钉持续留置压迫30天以产生慢性损伤,蛋白含量用免疫组化EnVision法,基因表达用原位杂交法.结果:(1)免疫组化:统计结果NGF、BDNF结果相近:轻压模型组与假手术组比较,具有显著性差异,P＜0.05;析因设计:①试验压迫与药物2因素间无交互作用; 药物因素有统计意义;②不同药物因素之间(含模型组)有非常显著性差异,P＜0.01.(2)原位杂交:假手术组少见阳性染色的细胞,而模型组和用药组可见明显阳性染色的细胞,NGF和BDNF的阳性细胞特征大致相近.结论:药物干预能促进神经营养因子的分泌,脊髓神经细胞和胶质细胞参与了NGF和BDNF的分泌.     

解毒化浊和胃方阻断大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎癌前病变的分子生物学机制

目的:观察解毒化浊和胃方对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)癌前病变(PLGC)的增殖作用的影响,探讨解毒化浊和胃方阻断大鼠CAG PLGC发展的分子生物学机制。方法:将75只大鼠分为空白对照组、模型对照组、治疗前模型对照组、中药组、西药组,每组15只,除空白对照组外,各组以甲基亚硝基胍造模,造模后模型组给予双蒸水灌胃,中药组给予解毒化浊和胃方灌胃,西药组给予叶酸灌胃。采用免疫组化及原位分子杂交标记的方法测定EGFR蛋白翻译和mRNA转录水平以及病变粘膜组织中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、p21H-ras基因蛋白。结果:对照组PLGC组织EGFR蛋白翻译和mRNA转录水平均有过表达,表达随病变的进展而递增;解毒化浊和胃组EGFR蛋白及mRNA的表达下调,PCNA指数、p21H-ras基因蛋白阳性指数明显低于对照组(P<0．05)。结论:解毒化浊和胃方对大鼠CAG胃癌前病变细胞的增殖有良好的阻断作用,该作用可能与下调PLGC组织EGFR蛋白及mRNA的表达有关。     

归芪方合苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾组织转化生长因子β_1的影响

目的研究归芪方联合血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾功能和肾组织转化生长因子β_1(TGF-β_1)基因表达的影响。方法Wistar大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)以建立糖尿病模型,将糖尿病大鼠分为糖尿病模型组、苯那普利治疗组、归芪方治疗组、归芪方合苯那普利治疗组,另设正常对照组。实验第8周时统一处死,观察各组大鼠肾重/体重、血糖、内生肌酐清除率(CCr)及肾组织结构的改变,放免法测定24h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、β2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)、血浆及肾组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量,原位杂交检测肾脏皮质TGF-β_1基因表达的变化。结果与单用苯那普利或归芪方相比,联合用药可明显减少尿白蛋白、β_2-MG,控制肾脏肥大,改善肾功能,使肾皮质TGF-β_1mRNA表达量进一步减少,同时肾脏病理改变亦减轻。结论苯那普利合用归芪方能更有效地抑制TGF-β_1mRNA的表达,减轻肾脏损伤,改善肾功能,延缓糖尿病肾病慢性病理进展。     

活血化瘀方对高脂饮食致家兔动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的 探讨五首活血化瘀方对高脂喂饲家兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)的影响。方法 采用高脂喂饲复制家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,观察各组家兔血脂、载脂蛋白、血液流变学改变。结果 血府逐瘀汤组家兔血清TC、LDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),血清TC/HDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),血清TG低于丹参饮组(P<0.05),血清TG/HDL-c比值低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、活络效灵丹组(P<0.01);血清apoB100低于失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);血浆粘度明显低于活络效灵丹组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),全血粘度(低切、高切)明显低于失笑散组(P<0.01);活络效灵丹组家兔血清TC、LDL-c低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05),血清TC/HDL-c明显低于丹参饮组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.01),亦低于失笑散组(P<0.05);家兔血清apoB100低于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05),血清apoA1/apoB100比值高于丹参饮组、失笑散组、桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);丹参饮组家兔全血粘度(低切、高切)明显低于失笑散组(P<0.01),红细胞比容低于桃红四物汤组(P<0.05);桃红四物汤组血清TG低于丹参饮组(P<0.05),血清TG/HDL-c低于丹参饮组、失笑散组(P<0.05),全血粘度(低切、高切)低于失笑散组(P<0.05)。结论 五首活血化瘀方均可不同     

调补肺肾方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并气管支气管软化症患者肺功能和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨调补肺肾方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并气管支气管患者肺功能和生活质量的影响。方法:分析我科从2016年3月～2017年12月诊治的60例慢阻肺合并气管支气管软化症患者临床资料。根据入院先后及是否采用中医治疗分为对照组和观察组,2组各30例。对照组采用单纯西医对症治疗组,包括:轻度软化症患者常规给予沙美特罗替卡松(50/250 ug)2吸bid,或布地奈德福莫特罗(160/4.5 ug)2吸bid,或联合噻托溴铵(18 ug)1吸qd;中度患者在常规治疗基础上给予无创呼吸机辅助通气(模式BiPAP或CPAP),重度患者酌情给予气道支架植入,肺部感染患者给予抗感染治疗。观察组在对照组基础上加用中医调补肺肾方水煎剂,1剂/d, 3次/d。统计分析2组患者治疗前后肺功能、C反应蛋白(CRP, C-reactive Protein)、降钙素原(PCT, Procalcitonin)、改良英国医学研究学会呼吸困难指数(mMRC, Modified British Medical Research Council)、慢阻肺评估测试(CAT, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test)变化。结果:研究显示,与基线值比较,对照组与观察组都能改善患者肺功能FEV1值,降低CRP及PCT,改善呼吸困难指数及CAT评分,差异有统计学意义;但在改善FEV1/FVC、RV/TLC、DLCO、PO_2及PCO_2方面无统计学差异。组间比较显示,观察组较对照组能更好改善患者PO_2、mMRC及CAT评分,能进一步改善患者生活质量,差异有统计学意义,但2组在改善肺功能FEV1、FEV1/FVC、RV/TLC、DLCO及PCO2上无统计学意义。结论:调补肺肾方治疗慢阻肺合并气管支气管软化症疗效肯定,值得进一步研究。     

Food Preparation Knowledge and Confidence of Young Adults

Abstract

Consumer complaints about food products have increased over the past decade due, in part, to consumer error in the preparation of products. Although the food industry assumes that consumers are knowledgeable about food preparation at all stages ranging from purchasing to preparation to storage, little is known about consumers' actual knowledge. The study reported here assessed young adults' food preparation knowledge as well as examined their confidence in their food preparation abilities. Guidelines, based on the findings, are proposed for writing food preparation instructions that have the potential to minimize consumer error and subsequent complaints.     

栗锦迁降糖方对2型糖尿病患者中医临床症状的影响

[目的]分析栗锦迁降糖方对2型糖尿病(T2DM)气阴两虚型患者中医临床症状的改善疗效。[方法]采用随机分组方法,将入选的159例患者分为2组,对照组使用西医基础治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合应用栗锦迁降糖方,分析对比2组临床疗效。[结果]治疗组中医临床症状改善程度明显优于对照组,具有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]栗锦迁降糖方联合西药疗法对改善糖尿病患者临床症状效果显著,具有临床价值。     

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-ulcerogenic Activities of Chantaleela Recipe

Chantaleela recipe is indicated for relieving fever in Thai traditional folk medicine. In the present study, Chantaleela recipe was investigated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-ulcerogenic activities. In preliminary investigation Chantaleela recipe was found to exert an inhibitory activity on the acute phase of inflammation as seen in ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced ear edema as well as in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of Chantaleela recipe may be due to an inhibition via cyclooxygenase pathway. In the analgesic test, Chantaleela recipe showed a significant analgesic activity in both the early and late phases of formalin test, but exerted the most pronounced effect in the late phase. The analgesic activity of Chantaleela recipe may act via mechanism at peripheral and partly central nervous system. In antipyretic test, Chantaleela recipe significantly decreased rectal temperature of brewer''s yeast-induced hyperthermia rats, probably by inhibiting synthesis and/or release of prostaglandin E₂ in the hypothalamus. Therefore, the key mechanism of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity of the Chantaleela recipe likely involves the inhibition of the synthesis and/or release of inflammatory or pain mediators, especially prostaglandins. The oral administration of the Chantaleela recipe reduced ulcer formation in acute gastric ulcer models (EtOH/HCl-, indomethacin-, and stress-induced gastric lesions). In contrast, this recipe did not reduce the secretory rate, total acidity, and increase pH in rat stomach. These results indicated that Chantaleela seem to possess anti-ulcerogenic effect. This activity may be due to the increase of gastric mucosal resistance or potentiation of defensive factors and/or the decrease of aggressive factors but did not associate the anti-secretory activity. Moreover, the high oral doses treated did not cause acute toxicity in rats and the long term oral administration did not produce gastric and ileum lesions.     

中西医结合法治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的临床疗效评价

目的：对中西医结合法治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的临床疗效进行分析。方法：选取胆汁反流性胃炎患者92例，随机分为对照组与观察组，各46例，对照组给予常规西药治疗，观察组在对照组基础上给予清胆和胃降逆方治疗，对比两组治疗效果。结果：观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组，治疗后临床症状评分显著低于对照组。结论：在胆汁反流性胃炎治疗中，采用中西医结合治疗疗效显著，可有效改善患者临床症状，值得在临床中推广。