Pleural dosimetry and pathobiological responses in rats and hamsters exposed subchronically to MMVF 10a fiberglass.

Interspecies differences in pulmonary and pleural responses to the inhalation of natural mineral and synthetic vitreous fibers have been observed in chronic and subchronic studies. However, the reasons for these differences are not clearly understood. There are also fiber-specific differences in the outcome of chronic inhalation exposure to natural mineral and synthetic vitreous fibers. Whether these differences are dependent upon the ability of these fibers to translocate to the pleural space is unknown. The present study was conducted to compare retained fiber burdens and selected pathological responses in the pleural compartments of rats and hamsters following subchronic inhalation of MMVF 10a fiberglass, a fiber negative for tumorigenesis or fibrosis in chronic studies. Fischer 344 rats and Syrian golden hamsters were exposed for 4 or 12 weeks by nose-only inhalation at nominal aerosol mass concentrations of 45 mg/m3 (610 WHO fibers/cc). Pulmonary fiber burdens and pulmonary inflammatory responses were greater in rats than in hamsters. The total number of fibers in the lung was approximately three orders of magnitude greater than in the pleural compartment. Pleural burdens in the hamster (160 fibers/cm2 surface area) were significantly greater than burdens in similarly exposed rats (60 fibers/cm2 surface area) following 12 weeks of exposure. With time postexposure, pleural burdens decreased in hamsters but were essentially unchanged in rats. Pleural inflammatory responses in both species were minimal. In rats, pleural inflammation was characterized by increased numbers of macrophages and increases in mesothelial cell replication during the period of fiber exposure. In contrast, hamsters had increased numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes, and mesothelial-cell replication indices were elevated on the parietal pleura of the costal wall and diaphragm, with some of these responses persisting through 12 weeks of postexposure recovery. Taken together, the results suggest that differences among rodent species in pleural responses to inhaled fibers are due to a delivered dose of fibers and to the biological responses to the presence of the fibers.     

力尔凡联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸水的临床观察

目的研究力尔凡联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床效果.方法将48例恶性胸水患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组25例应用力尔凡加顺铂胸腔灌注,对照组23例单纯应用顺铂治疗,观察治疗前后胸水的变化和副作用.结果治疗组控制胸水的有效率(CR PR)为96.0%,对照组为56.5%,两组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.01).治疗组副作用为轻度发热、胸痛,对照组为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应及胸痛.结论力尔凡联合顺铂胸腔灌注能有效地控制恶性胸腔积液,毒副作用小,疗效肯定.     

联合检测E-cadherin、CEA及Calretinin在浆膜腔积液细胞学鉴别诊断中的意义

背景与目的：浆膜腔积液中转移性腺癌细胞、恶性上皮型间皮瘤细胞和反应性间皮细胞的形态有不少相似之处，有时仅凭形态学特征不能做出准确诊断。近年来免疫细胞化学在这方面得到较多应用，但国内报道仅局限于用CK、EMA、CEA、Vim和HBME-1几种抗体，而且不能较好地进行细胞学的鉴别诊断。本研究旨在探讨联合检测E-cadherin、CEA及calretinin在浆膜腔积液鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法：选用浆膜腔积液标本共93例，其中胸水66例、腹水24例、心包积液3例。经组织学检查或结合临床资料证实的转移性腺癌55例、恶性上皮型间皮瘤6例、间皮细胞反应性增生32例。每例均制备HE染色的涂片和细胞块，并用细胞块切片作免疫细胞化学染色。结果：E-cadherin、CEA对诊断转移性腺癌的敏感性分别为85．5％(47／55)、78．2％(43／55)，特异性分别为100％(38／38)、97．4％(37／38)。E-cadherin和CEA联合应用诊断浆膜腔积液转移性腺癌的阳性率为96．4％(53／55)。Calretinin对诊断间皮瘤和间皮细胞增生的敏感性和特异性分别为81.6％(31／38)和87．2％(48／55)。结论：E-cadherin、CEA和calretinin是鉴别浆膜腔积液转移性腺癌细胞和间皮源性细胞有价值的一组抗体。     

血清CK-MB检测在癌性心包积液治疗中的临床意义

目的：探讨血清CK-MB检测在癌性心包积液治疗中的临床价值。方法：以免疫抑制法测定血清CK-MB5次：入院、出院及出院后3月内每月1次。观察组包括54例癌性心包积液，对照组为54例不伴心包积液的癌症患者。结果：观察组血清CK—MB的阳性率高于对照组，分别为79．6％(43／54)和35．18％(19／54)，且在观察组中的降低和／或升高与疗效相关，且差异有显著性；而对照组差分无显著性。结论：血清CK—MB合量与癌细胞浸润心包有关，其对癌性心包积液患者的病情、疗效、复发及预后评估有一定的参考价值。     

肺癌胸水中肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的生物学活性研究

目的 :探讨肺癌胸水中肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞 (TIL)的生物学活性 ,便于更好地应用于临床。方法 :用白细胞介素2 (IL 2 )诱导培养肺癌胸水TIL ,按常规法计数TIL细胞增殖量 ,采用流式细胞仪分析TIL细胞表型及MTT法检测其杀瘤活性。结果 :经IL 2诱导培养TIL 2 1天后 :TIL增殖大于 10 0 0倍的患者有 17例占 77%。CD3差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,CD4、CD8差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,而CD4 /CD8比值高达 3 5 3± 0 82 ,并且在 2 1天时TIL具有较高的细胞毒性。结论 :肺癌胸水中的TIL体外诱导培养 2 1天时TIL具有较强的生物活性 ,此时用于胸水治疗可取得可靠的疗效     

力尔凡联和顺铂治疗恶性胸水的临床观察

目的　观察力尔凡联合顺铂对恶性胸水的抑制作用。方法　 75例恶性胸水病人均采用胸腔留置引流细管方法 ,随机分为力尔凡治疗组和对照组 ,观察近期疗效、远期疗效、Karnofsky评分及副作用。结果　近期疗效 :治疗组有效率 90 % ,对照组有效率62 9%。远期疗效 :治疗组半年生存率 17 5 % ,1年以上生存率 82 5 % ;对照组半年生存率 65 7% ,1年以上生存率 34 3%。治疗组Karnofsky评分提高 ,白细胞下降少。结论　力尔凡加顺铂配合细管引流可以有效控制恶性胸水 ,提高病人生存质量 ,减轻化疗副反应 ,值得推广     

胸水中CEA CYFRA21-1 NSE和LDH对肺癌的临床诊断

目的:探讨CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、LDH水平对癌性胸水的诊断价值。方法:采用电化学发光方法检测胸水中的CEA、CYFRA21-1和NSE,采用酶法检测LDH。结果:恶性胸水的CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE、LDH水平明显高于良性胸水(P<0.01),肺腺癌CEA明显高于鳞癌和小细胞肺癌(P<0.01),肺鳞癌CYFRA21-1水平明显高于腺癌(P<0.05)和小细胞肺癌(P<0.01),小细胞肺癌NSE明显高于鳞癌(P<0.01)。4项标志物联合检测的敏感性、准确性均比单项检测高。结论:联合检测胸水中的CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE和LDH对肺癌的诊断具有重要的临床意义。     

恶性心包积液导管引流并腔内化疗疗效分析

目的:探讨恶性心包积液经导管引流并腔内化疗的疗效及不良反应.方法:28例恶性心包积液采用B超定位心包穿刺置管引流心包积液,连续3 d,积液消失后第1 d以0.9%氯化钠溶液冲洗并腔内注射顺铂(DDP)60 mg,OK-432 10g、地塞米松5 mg心包腔内注射.结果:腔内化疗1次积液消失者3例,化疗2次积液消失12例,化疗3次积液消失6例,CR 75%(21/28),PR 14.3%(4/28),RR89.3%(25/28),NC10.7%(3/28).结论:导管置管治疗恶性心包积液,操作简单,疗效好,副作用少.     

Yellow nail syndrome in infancy

Abstract: This report describes an infant with clinical features consistent with the yellow nail syndrome (YNS), a rare autosomal dominant disorder. He presented at birth with congenital lymphoedema and was referred at 6 months of age for investigation of recurrent cough and wheeze. He had clinical and radiological evidence of bilateral pleural effusions and a pericardial effusion. Following a lung biopsy and pericardial window these were shown to be manifestations of his lymphatic abnormality. He also had persisting middle ear effusions causing conductive deafness requiring hearing aids and secondary immunodeficiency requiring regular immunoglobulin infusions.     

Features of the renin-angiotensin system in ascites and pleural effusion during severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to investigate the ovarian renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with ascites and pleural effusion. Methods: Two patients who developed severe OHSS after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization were investigated. Both patients presented ascites and pleural effusion. Blood, ascites, and pleural fluid were simultaneously sampled during therapeutic paracentesis and thoracocentesis. Renin activity, active renin, prorenin, and angiotensin II immunoreactivity (Ang II-ir) were measured simultaneously in plasma, ascites, and pleural fluid. Results: Prorenin, renin activity, active renin, and Ang II-ir levels were much higher than normal plasmatic laboratory norms in the three compartments. Prorenin and Ang II-ir levels were the highest in the ascites, while they were in the same range in the pleural fluid and in the plasma. Conclusions: The present findings provide additional evidence for the ovarian origin of the prorenin and Ang II-ir in the ascites of severe OHSS.