肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对环磷酰胺致小鼠生精障碍的治疗作用及其机制

目的： 探讨肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对环磷酰胺致生精障碍小鼠的治疗作用,并初步阐明作用机制。方法：乙醇浸提法提取肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷。40只BALB/C小鼠随机分为对照组、
模型组、肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷低剂量组（50 mg/kg^-1）和高剂量组（100 mg/kg^-1）,每组10只。除对照组外,其余各组小鼠每天注射环磷酰胺（80 mg?kg-1）连续5 d,制备生精障碍小鼠模型。末次给药后,肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷低剂量组和高剂量组小鼠分别给予相应剂量灌胃,对照组和模型组小鼠给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续30 d。末次灌胃后24 h,取小鼠睾丸组织。酶联免疫法测定小鼠睾丸组织匀浆中睾酮水平,比较各组小鼠精子密度、精子活率及精子畸形率,HE染色观察睾丸组织形态学变化。结果：与对照组比较,模型组小鼠精子密度和精子活率降低（P<0.01）,精子畸形率升高（P<0.01）,睾丸组织匀浆中睾酮水平降低（P<0.01）;与
模型组比较,肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷各剂量组小鼠精子密度和精子活率明显升高（P<0.01）,精子畸形率降低（P<0.01）,睾丸组织匀浆中睾酮水平升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。组织学观察,模型组小鼠睾丸生精小管萎缩、退化,生精上皮明显变薄、生精细胞排列紊乱,腔内精子数目减少;肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷组小鼠睾丸生精上皮层数明显增多,层次分明,生精细胞排列整齐、紧密、规则,管腔内可见精子。结论：肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对环磷酰胺所致小鼠生精障碍具有明显的治疗作用,其机制可能与改善睾丸组织中睾酮水平有关。     

丝叶唐松草中—新三萜皂甙

从丝叶唐松草根中分得一新的三萜皂甙,命名为thalifoenoside A,根据光谱和化学方法确定其结构为3β,22(S),27-三羟基-24-烯-环菠萝蜜烷,3-O-β-D-鸡纳糖基-(1→2)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-(4-乙酰基)-葡萄糖甙,其甙元亦为一新的化合物。此外还分到3个已知物thalifendlerine,N-methylcorydaldine,β-谷甾醇。     

僵蚕中一个新的香豆素苷类化合物

目的 研究僵蚕的化学成分，并对从僵蚕中分离得到的一个新的香豆素苷类成分进行结构鉴定。方法 应用硅胶、Sephdex LH-20柱色谱和重结晶等方法进行分离，利用光谱方法对分离得到的单体成分进行结构鉴定。结果 分离并鉴定出8个化合物分别为：6-甲氧基-7-O—β—D-(4′-甲氧基)吡喃葡萄糖基香豆素[6-methoxy-7-O—β-D-(4′-methoxy)glucopyranosyl coumarin，Ⅰ]、麦角甾-6，22-二烯3β，5α，8α-三醇(ergost-6，22-dien-3β，5α，8α—triol，Ⅱ)、棕榈酸(palmidcacid，Ⅲ)、赤藓醇(meso—erythritol，Ⅳ)、甘露糖醇(D-mannitol，Ⅴ)、尿嘧啶(uracil，Ⅵ)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol，Ⅶ)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol，Ⅷ)。结论 化合物Ⅰ为新香豆素苷化合物。     

密蒙花中的苯丙素酚甙和黄酮甙研究

从醉鱼草属植物密蒙花的花蕾中分离得到6个苯丙素酚甙类成分，分别鉴定为verbascoside（1），cistanoside F(2),β-hydroxyacteoside(3),poliumoside(4),echinacoside(5),martynoside(6)，它们在体外实验中显示了一定的抗肿瘤活性，同时还分离得到两个黄酮甙：蒙花甙（7）和芹菜素－7－芦丁糖甙（8）。其中化合物（2），（3），（4），（8）为首次从醉鱼草属中分离得到。     

A new flavonol galloylrhamnoside and a new lignan glucoside from the leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Koelreuteria henryi</Emphasis> Dummer

A new flavonol galloylrhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-(2″,3″-di-O-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and a new lignan glycoside, hinokinin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside were isolated from the leaves of Koelreuteria henryi, along with 18 known compounds, including six flavonol glycosides (3–8), three lignans (9–11), four chlorophyll derivatives (12–15), two steroids (16, 17), and three aromatic compounds (18–20). The structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence. The scavenging effect of 1–8 and 20 on the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was examined. Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 20 showed more potent activity than that of trolox.     

Saponins and flavonoid glycosides from yellow sweetclover

A new saponin, 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]soyasapogenol B carboxylate (6) has been isolated from the medicinal plant yellow sweetclover together with azukisaponin II(7), robinin(8), and clovin(9). 7, 8, and9 are reported for the first time from this plant. The new saponin(6) exhibited inhibitory action on leucocyte migration in inflammation.     

A new monoterpene glycoside and antibacterial monoterpene glycosides fromPaeonia suffruticosa

Antibacterial activity-guided fractionation of the CHCI3-MeOH (1:1) extract of Paeonia suffruticosa root bark furnished three monoterpene glycosides, 6-O-vanillyoxypaeoniflorin (1), mudanpioside-H (2), and galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin (3). Of the isolated compounds, compound 1 is a new compound. All isolated compounds showed broad, but moderate, antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 100 to 500 microg/mL against eighteen pathogenic microorganisms of concern for public health or zoonosis.     

Studies on chemical constituents from Ilex pubescens

Two new phenolic glycosides, ilexpubsides A and B, along with four known lignan glycosides were isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens. By spectral evidence, the structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 4-O-β-D-[6'-O-(4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosylvanilloyl)glucopyranosyl] vanillic acid (1) and syringinic 6'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (2). The known compounds were identified to be liriodendrin (3), (-)-olivil (4), tortoside A (5) and (+)-cyclo-olivil (6). All compounds were first isolated from Ilex pubescens.     

Dolichandroside,a new phenolic triglycoside from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dolichandrone serrulata</Emphasis> (DC.) Seem.

A new phenolic triglycoside, dolichandroside, was isolated from the branches of Dolichandrone serrulata together with decaffeoyl-verbascoside, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, markhamioside A, 2-O-apiosylverbascoside, luteoside B and ixoside. The structure elucidations were based on analyses of spectroscopic data.     

The influence of changes in extracellular and intracellular sodium concentration on detrusor contractility

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of Na+-Ca2+ exchange in the regulation of isolated detrusor smooth muscle contractility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolated guinea-pig detrusor strips were used to record isometric tension generated by; (a) electrical-field stimulation to elicit nerve-mediated responses; and (b) adding carbachol or superfusing with a high-K+ solution. The [Na+] gradient between extracellular and intracellular compartments was altered by: (i) reducing superfusate [Na+] in stages from 140.2 to 10.2 mm; (ii) addition of the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin (200 microm). RESULTS Reducing extracellular [Na+] reversibly reduced the magnitude of nerve-mediated contractions but increased the resting tension and magnitude of carbachol-induced contracture. The mean (sd) [Na+] required for a half-maximum effect on attenuating contractions, at 85.9 (6.2) mm, and developing contracture, at 59.1 (14.3) mm, were significantly different. The time constants of changes to nerve-mediated contractions and carbachol contracture were also significantly different, at 147 (5) vs 1207 (386) s, respectively. These differences suggest that separate mechanisms influence nerve-mediated contraction and contracture in low-Na+ solutions. Exposure to the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin produced a similar effect to low-Na+ solutions for carbachol contracture. Low-Na+ solutions had no significant effect on contractures induced by high extracellular [K+]. CONCLUSION Reducing the transmembrane [Na+] difference increases intracellular [Ca2+]. This increase is largely accommodated in intracellular stores, that can be released by exogenous carbachol. The results are consistent with the presence of a functional Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in the surface membrane. The lack of effect of low-Na+ solutions on contractures evoked by membrane depolarization is consistent with this conclusion. The reduction of the nerve-mediated contraction by low-Na+ solution might result from blockade of the nerve action potential.