早期大剂量维生素C对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠核因子-κB的影响

目的:观察早期大剂量应用抗坏血酸(维生素C)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠的核因子-!B(NF-!B)的影响,研究其作用机制。方法:将72只SAP模型SD大鼠随机分成3组,每组各24只。A组:由大鼠股静脉滴注生理盐水5 ml/kg。B组:大鼠股静脉滴注Vit C 15 mg/kg加生理盐水至5 ml/kg。C组:由大鼠股静脉滴注Vit C 150 mg/kg加生理盐水至5 ml/kg。另取8只SD大鼠作为正常对照组。各组分别于8 h和24 h处死8只大鼠,采血测淀粉酶、脂肪酶、维生素C(PV-C)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、TNF-αI、L-6。大鼠处死时分别取胰头组织3份,一份组织HE染色,行光镜检查,按Kusske的方法,对水肿、炎症、出血和坏死分别评分;一份制成超薄切片,行电镜检查;另一份SP法进行免疫组化染色,检测NF-!B的表达。每组另外8只大鼠观察3 d内存活情况,计算3 d成活率。结果:各组大鼠3 d内的生存率为正常对照组100%(8/8),A组0%(0/8),B组12.5%(1/8),C组50%(4/8),C组的3 d生存率显著高于其他两组(P<0.05)。各组的4项病理学评分均高于正常对照组(P<0.01),C组的4项病理学评分均低于A、B组(P<0.05)。透射电镜检查示C组中分泌颗粒较少,其包膜完整、内质网轻度肿胀、线粒体清晰,未见大片坏死。SAP大鼠体内淀粉酶、脂肪酶、细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6的水平明显增高,血清SOD和P-VC降低,胰腺组织中NF-!B活化阳性胰腺细胞数明显增多。C组的血清淀粉酶和脂肪酶低于A、B组(P<0.05),SOD和P-VC水平高于A、B组(P<0.05),血清TNF-αI、L-6水平低于A、B组(P<0.05),胰腺组织NF-!B活化水平低于A、B组(P<0.05)。结论:早期大剂量应用Vit C有助于及时提高SAP大鼠的P-VC、E-SOD水平,降低体内淀粉酶、脂肪酶、TNF-αI、L-6水平,其作用机制可能与大剂量Vit C抑制SAP大鼠体内NF-!B活化、在整体水平上抑制细胞因子基因表达、有助于机体免受自由基和过量细胞因子的损伤及减轻胰腺组织的病理性改变等因素有关。     

重症急性胰腺炎早期治疗的探讨及分析

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）早期治疗体会及外科手术治疗时机和手术方式的选择。方法 对比分析1989—1995年以早期手术为主的36例SAP（A组）与1996—2003年7年中非手术治疗为主的44例SAP（B组）的治愈率和死亡率。结果 B组的死亡率明显低于A组，A组的治愈率低于B组。结论 SAP早期的急性炎症反应期，手术只能加重对机体的打击，加重SAP全身炎症反应，增加手术死亡率。故SAP早期治疗应以非手术疗法为主。当内科治疗无效，手术治疗是唯一的选择，而手术时机的掌握和手术方式的选择更为重要，直接影响手术结果。     

小剂量生长抑素预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的临床研究

目的：探讨生长抑素对内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）术后患者高淀粉酶血症及化学性胰腺炎的预防作用。方法：１２８例行ＥＲＣＰ患者随机分为两组：预防组６６例患者，分别于ＥＲＣＰ术前及术后各静滴生长抑素２５０μｇ；对照组６２例，仅静脉滴注５％葡萄糖溶液。两组患者分别检查术前及术后４和２４ｈ血淀粉酶水平及观察化学性胰腺炎发生情况。结果：预防组ＥＲ－ＣＰ术后４，２４ｈ血清淀粉酶分别为（２９８±３３）和（１４０±１５６）Ｕ／Ｌ，明显低于对照组的（３８０±３３）和（２４０±２１０）Ｕ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；预防组６６例中发生化学性胰腺炎１例（１．５％），对照组发生３例（４．８％），相差显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：生长抑素能有效地预防ＥＲＣＰ术后高淀粉酶血症及化学性胰腺炎。     

异搏定对胰腺腺泡细胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响

目的:探讨细胞内钙超负荷在急性胰腺炎(AP)发生发展中的作用.方法:使用140只SD大白鼠胆胰管逆行加压注射4.5%牛磺胆酸钠制成AP模型,用荧光指示剂Fura-2/Am测定游离胰腺腺泡细胞内游离钙离子浓度([Ca~(2 )]i).结果:注射后2小时和3小时胰腺呈急性出血坏死性炎症早期改变,制AP模型后AP组[Ca~(2 )]i较对照组明显增高(P<0.001),AP组胰腺腺泡细胞内[Ca~(2 )]i增高值与胰腺病理变化程度呈正相关关系(r_s=0.9727,P<0.001),异搏定治疗可明显提高病鼠生存率和改善胰腺组织出血坏死程度和腺泡细胞超微结构损害.结论:胰腺腺泡细胞内钙超负荷在胆汁性急性水肿性胰腺炎向出血坏死性胰腺炎转变中起明显作用,钙通道阻滞剂异搏定可明显阻止胰腺细胞内钙离子超负荷,是其治疗急性胰腺炎的主要机理之一.     

老年重症急性胰腺炎手术治疗探讨

目的：讨论老年重症急性胰腺炎的手术治疗。方法：我院1984年1月－2000年10月共收治60岁以上手术证实的重症急性胰腺炎26例，本对其手术治疗的方法和时机以及相应的并发症和死亡率进行回顾性分析。结果：本组术后死亡6例，其中4例死于MOF，2例死于ARDS。在发病24小时内手术8例中无1例死亡，24－36小时内手术14例有2例死亡，36小时后手术4例均死亡。结论：老年重症胰腺炎患多伴有心、肺、肾等重要器官慢性疾病，脏器代偿功能差，较易出现MOF，因此如有手术指证或经短期非手术治疗效果不明显，应及时手术，并在术中和术后采用合理的治疗措施，有利于减少术后并发症，降低手术死亡率。     

Groove pancreatitis associated with true pancreatic cyst

We report a case of groove pancreatitis (GP) associated with a true pancreatic cyst. An 81-year-old man who had suffered epigastric pain for 4 months was referred to Saisekai Kure Hospital. Computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed a cystic lesion in the groove area of the pancreas. Serum amylase elevation and imaging findings suggested GP due to the cyst. Six weeks of medical treatment did not improve the clinical symptoms. Therefore, pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Histologic examination revealed a true cyst with intraluminal necrosis, which produced a protein plug that obstructed the Santorini duct. The parenchyma surrounding the groove area showed marked fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. GP due to true pancreatic cyst was diagnosed. Although GP is usually caused by overconsumption of alcohol, which leads to changes in the pancreatic juice and the ultimate blockage of pancreatic outflow, the histologic features in our patient suggest that true pancreatic cyst stands as a secondary cause of GP.     

乌司他汀对重症急性胰腺炎血浆内毒素水平的影响及其疗效观察

目的　观察乌司他汀治疗重症急性胰腺炎对血清内毒素水平的影响。方法　 4 0例重症急性胰腺炎患者随机分为乌司他汀治疗组和一般常规治疗组两组 ,两组患者住院后分别在第 1、4、7、10天抽血测定血清淀粉酶、血浆内毒素水平 ,结合APACHEⅡ评分系统分析观察乌司他汀的临床疗效。结果　重症急性胰腺炎入院后第 1天血浆内毒素水平明显高于正常健康对照组 ,分别为 (1.10± 0 .2 3)IU/L和 (0 .2 0± 0 .5 0 )IU/L(P <0 0 0 1) ,治疗组血清淀粉酶、血浆内毒素水平下降均较对照组明显 (P <0 0 1) ,住院第 7天APACHEⅡ评分值低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　重症急性胰腺炎患者早期存在不同程度的内毒素血症 ,乌司他汀治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效肯定 ,并能降低患者血浆内毒素水平和改善预后     

一种稳定的急性胰腺炎胰腺外多器官损伤大鼠模型

目的研究一种病理进程平稳的急性胰腺炎胰腺外多器官损伤动物模型.方法应用小剂量中等浓度胆盐、胰管内低压注射的方法,动态观察实验大鼠胰腺、肺、肝脏及肾脏的功能和病理改变.结果这种新的急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠模型具有胰腺外持续、稳定的肝、肾损伤.结论这种急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠模型适合于多器官功能损伤的病理机制及治疗学研究.     

ENDOSCOPIC PANCREATIC STENTING IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WITH DUCTAL DILATION PROXIMAL TO A STRICTURE: A SAFE and EFFECTIVE PROTOCOL

After removal of intraductal stones, a 10‐Fr or 7‐Fr pancreatic stent was placed in 16 patients with upstream ductal dilation proximal to a stricture of the main pancreatic duct. Stents were removed after a mean duration of 52.5 days. Nine patients underwent repeated stenting. About one year after removal of the initial stent, when the remaining upstream ductal dilation was found on follow‐up pancreatograms, the next stent was replaced. Repeated stenting improved outflow of pancreatic juice more effectively than one‐time stenting. Correlation between long‐term pain relief without recurrence of intraductal stones and reduction of duct diameter was also shown. Stent occlusion was observed in 14 of 30 stents. Stent occlusion was frequently associated with recurrence of pancreatitis and intraductal stones, and was also associated with morphologic changes in the pancreatic ductal system. Although there were no significant differences between stent patency of the initial stents and that of the next stents, stent patency of 10‐Fr stents was superior to that of 7‐Fr stents. 10‐Fr stents should be removed within 8 weeks and 7‐Fr stents should be removed within 4 weeks for the prevention of stent occlusion. Repeated stenting with short‐term stenting is therefore considered a safe and effective protocol of endoscopic pancreatic stenting.