不同采血针对新生儿足跟采血成功率的影响

目的：探讨不同采血针在新生儿疾病筛查采血中的采血效果。方法：采用三种采血针分别对2126例（A组）、1786例（B组）、1471例（C组）新生儿进行足跟采血，比较其采血成功率。结果：A、B、C三组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：采用7号一次性注射针头采血（C组）可明显提高采血成功率。     

柔肝消瘢饮对肝硬化大鼠血清和肝组织IL-1β和IL-6含量的影响

目的：观察柔肝消瘕饮对肝硬化大鼠肝组织病理形态学和血清、肝组织IL-1β、IL-6含量的影响。方法：采用复合因素造模法复制肝硬化大鼠模型，以复方鳖甲软肝片为对照，观察柔肝消瘢饮对肝硬化大鼠肝组织病理形态学、血清和肝组织IL-1β、IL-6含量的影响。结果：与正常组比较，模型组大鼠出现肝小叶损害，纤维组织增生，假小叶形成，血清IL-1β、IL-6含量和肝组织IL-6含量均明显升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；与模型组比较，各治疗组肝组织病理损害减轻，血清IL-1β和肝组织IL-6含量均有明显下降，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；与对照组比较，高剂量组血清IL-6含量明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论：柔肝消瘢饮能显著下调肝硬化大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-6含量和肝组织IL-6含量，具有减轻肝硬化炎症损害，改善肝组织病理形态学作用。     

早期新生儿黄疸的动态监测及早期干预治疗效果评价

目的观察出生1周内新生儿黄疸的动态变化、高胆红素血症患儿病因分析及早期干预治疗的效果。方法利用经皮胆红素测定仪对我院产科出生的928例新生儿每日进行同一部位的皮肤测定,根据新生儿不同出生情况对超过胆红素值安全范围的及时给予口服药物或转儿科蓝光治疗。结果928例新生儿因高胆红素血症住院156例,高胆红素血症发生率为15.74%,无1例发生胆红素脑病。结论对新生儿黄疸进行监测和早期干预治疗,可大幅度降低高胆红素血症的发病率,从而防止胆红素脑病的发生。     

大鼠移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡的变化

目的　探讨移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注后胰腺细胞凋亡的变化过程。方法　 6 5只SD大鼠随机分成 7组 :假手术组 ,冷缺血 2h组 ,冷缺血 2h再灌注 1、3、6、9、12h组。通过HE染色后光镜及电镜观察各组的胰腺组织的病理变化 ;采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测凋亡细胞的分布及计数。结果　胰腺移植后早期即可观察到细胞凋亡的典型改变 ,胰腺冷缺血再灌注后发生凋亡的高峰期为再灌注后 3h[AI为 (9.4 6± 2 .91) % ,P <0 .0 1) ,再灌注 6h较 3小时细胞凋亡有所减少 [AI为 (5 .74± 1.6 6 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],再灌注 9h及 12h细胞凋亡进一步减少 [AI分别为 (3.6 0± 1.6 4 ) %及 (3.2 6± 1.35 ) % ,P <0 .0 5 ]。结论　细胞凋亡是胰腺移植后的早期事件 ,移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注后早期主要的死亡方式是凋亡 ;移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注后的凋亡高峰发生在再灌注后 3h。     

大鼠胰腺十二指肠移植的手术技巧

目的探讨建立大鼠胰腺十二指肠移植模型的手术技巧。方法不阻断体循环，采用双套管将供胰所带腹主动脉、门静脉分别与受鼠的左肾动、静脉进行套管吻合，尽量减轻对全身血流动力学的影响；同时行十二指肠空肠端侧吻合引流胰液，重建胰腺外分泌途径；围手术期注意补液、保暖及抗凝。结果100例手术中83例手术成功，术后移植胰腺具有内分泌功能，胰腺轻度充血水肿。结论该移植模型不阻断体循环且操作简单实用，其成功的关键在于手术操作及围手术期处理。     

Urological emergency in neonates with congenital hydronephrosis

OBJECTIVE: It is well described that unilateral pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is a benign condition, because the dilatation resolves spontaneously and the function does not decrease in most of the kidneys. However, there is exceptional PUJO that requires emergent treatment in neonatal periods. The aim of this article is to report the urological emergency and management in neonates with PUJO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine children (seven boys and two girls) with PUJO who underwent neonatal emergent treatment during the last 13 years were reviewed. Renal function was evaluated according to decay curve of serum creatinine (SCr) levels corresponding to gestational age (GA) at delivery. Physical examination, ultrasonographic monitoring, and chest and abdominal plain radiographs were repeated in each neonate. RESULTS: Eight patients were detected prenatally. In five patients, multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was demonstrated on the contralateral side. Three patients underwent percutaneous puncture of fetal hydronephrosis. Decrease of amniotic fluid was evident in three fetuses. Indications for emergent treatment included mass effect from hydronephrosis in three patients, renal dysfunction in five, and severe urinary tract infection in one. During neonatal periods, a percutaneous nephrostomy tube was placed in seven, and open nephrostomy in one with anorectal malformation. Repeated punctures of the dilated renal pelvis were done in one patient. Renal function after pyeloplasty was stable in eight patients, while it was moderately decreased in one who was associated with oligohydramnios in utero. CONCLUSION: Indications for emergent treatment in neonates with PUJO included mass effect from giant hydronephrosis, renal dysfunction and severe urinary tract infection. At birth, respiratory and circulatory conditions must first be stabilized. In neonates with hydronephrosis of the solitary kidney or severe bilateral PUJO, serial SCr should be monitored to evaluate renal function. Decrease of amniotic fluid suggested renal functional compromise that would not recover after urological management.     

Fas系统参与介导烧伤后心肌细胞凋亡及牛磺酸的影响

目的观察Fas系统在烧伤后心肌细胞凋亡中的作用及牛磺酸的影响。方法选健康Wistar大鼠,随机分成对照组(Sham)、烧伤组(造成40%TBSAⅢ度烧伤)和牛磺酸保护组(烫伤后即刻腹腔注射牛磺酸400 mg/kg)。用原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测凋亡细胞,RT-PCR检测Fas mRNA表达,免疫组化检测Fas/FasL和Caspase-8/3蛋白表达和荧光法分析Caspase-3活性。结果烧伤组大鼠伤后6 h和24 h心肌细胞凋亡指数分别为8.96±2.10和18.67±2.48,较对照组(0.92±0.34)有显著性升高,Fas蛋白阳性表达指数分别为13.51±1.56和14.55±1.89,也显著性高于对照组(2.46±0.75);Caspase-3活性分别为1.38±0.16和1.96±0.71,较对照组(0.35±0.06)有显著性差异。烧伤组凋亡指数与Fas表达之间有良好的相关性(r=0.86)。牛磺酸保护组细胞凋亡指数为2.14±0.68,Fas蛋白表达为3.71±0.82,Fas mRNA表达为0.17±0.03,Caspase-3活性为0.88±0.16,较烧伤组均有显著性降低。结论Fas系统参与了介导烧伤后心肌细胞凋亡,牛磺酸对烧伤后心肌细胞Fas表达及其信号转导有较好的拮抗作用。     

自发性高血压大鼠颈动脉血管平滑肌中抑癌基因P53和原癌基因c-jun、c-fos、c-myc mRNA表达的研究

目的探讨自发性高血压大鼠颈动脉中抑癌基因P53和原癌基因c-jun、c-fos、c-myc mRNA的表达.方法用逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测两种基因的表达水平.正常雄性大鼠作为对照组.结果 SHR颈动脉中,抑癌基因P53和原癌基因c-jun、c-fos、c-myc均有高表达,较WKY差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论自发性高血压大鼠颈动脉组织中抑癌基因P53和原癌基因c-jun、c-fos、c-myc均有高表达,癌基因的活化可能与自发性高血压大鼠颈动脉血管重构有关.     

Surface activation markers of T lymphocytes: role in the detection of infection in neonates

Diagnosis of perinatal infection in the newborn is difficult; there may be few clinical signs and current tests are slow or non-specific. Detection of organisms, antigen or specific antibody to common pathogens often requires repeat samples and does not give immediate results. Haematological parameters, although relied upon frequently to diagnose infection in the neonate prior to a positive bacterial isolation, are unreliable and insensitive. Indicators such as an increase in neutrophil band cell counts are highly variable between morphologists. Infection induces the expression of a number of T lymphocyte surface markers, including CD45RA/CD45RO and CD45RO. The use of changed expression of surface markers as a laboratory test for detection of infection in neonates was evaluated. We used multiparameter flow cytometry to detect expression of early (CD45RA/CD45RO) and late (CD45RO) activation markers. In the respective groups of 50 full term (including 25 normal vaginal deliveries and 25 caesarean deliveries) and 30 premature, i.e. < 36 weeks gestation (born by either normal vaginal delivery or caesarean delivery) the CD45RA isoform was brightly expressed on newborn ‘naive’ CD4⁺ T cells, whereas the CD45RO isoform (including both ‘bright’ and ‘dim’ populations) was present on < 19% of CD4⁺ T cells from these newborn infants. In a group of 37 infants, tested to evaluate possible effects of non-infective parameters such as respiratory distress and iso-immunization, no significant changes in surface marker expression were found and specificity of the test was confirmed. In 14 neonates with documented sepsis, up-regulation of dual staining CD45RA/CD45RO isoforms on CD4⁺ T cells was detected early in the infection. In addition, we found that CD45RO expression persisted for several weeks after bacterial infection, and up to several months in viral infection. In conclusion, detection of T cell activation by flow cytometry for the early diagnosis of neonatal infection is an easy test to carry out on small volumes of blood, is inexpensive, and may be a specific indicator of infection.     

Orthotopic placement of the dunning R3327 AT-3 prostate tumor in the copenhagen X fischer rat

Orthotopic placement of in vitro propagated Dunning R3327 AT-3 tumor cells resulted in a greater percentage of tumor takes and a two-fold shift in the exponential growth curve compared to flank implantation. The orthotopic tumor appeared to disseminate preferentially to regional lymph nodes, rather than to the lungs which is characteristic of flank tumors. The results suggest an important role of stromal-epithelial interactions in the growth of this tumor. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.