利伐沙班片的制备及处方优化

目的：制备利伐沙班片剂,优选适合中试生产的最佳处方。方法通过设计不同处方,对增溶剂、崩解剂、黏合剂、填充剂的用量及工艺进行考察,并进行了中试三批放大,测定在四种溶出介质中的溶出曲线、含量均匀度和有关物质等指标。结果用利伐沙班为主药,以乳糖、微晶纤维素为填充剂,以十二烷基硫酸钠为增溶剂,以交联羧甲基纤维素钠为崩解剂,以羟丙基甲基纤维素为黏合剂、以硬脂酸镁为润滑剂,以胃溶型薄膜包衣预混剂为包衣材料,制得利伐沙班片。结论该制剂工艺稳定,制得利伐沙班片（10 mg）与原研市售品溶出行为相似,质量符合规定。     

Diagnosis and management of heart failure from hospital admission to discharge: A practical expert guidance

Heart failure (HF) has high event rates, mortality, and is challenging to manage in clinical practice. Clinical management is complicated by complex therapeutic strategies in a population with a high prevalence of comorbidity and general frailty. In the last four years, an abundance of research has become available to support multidisciplinary management of heart failure from within the hospital through to discharge and primary care as well as supporting diagnosis and comorbidity management. Within the hospital setting, recent evidence supports sacubitril-valsartan combination in frail, deteriorating or de novo patients with LVEF ≤ 40%. Furthermore, new strategies such as SGLT2 inhibitors and vericiguat provide further benefit for patients with decompensating HF. Studies with tafamidis report major clinical benefits specifically for patients with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis, a remaining underdiagnosed and undertreated disease. New evidence for medical interventions supports his bundle pacing to reduce QRS width and improve haemodynamics as well as ICD defibrillation for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. The Mitraclip reduces hospitalisations and mortality in patients with symptomatic, secondary mitral regurgitation and ablation reduces mortality and hospitalisations in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. In end-stage HF, the 2018 French Heart Allocation policy should improve access to heart transplants for stable, ambulatory patients and, mechanical circulatory support should be considered to avoid deteriorating on the waiting list. In the community, new evidence supports that improving discharge education, treatment and patient support improves outcomes. The authors believe that this review fills the gap between the guidelines and clinical practice and provides practical recommendations to improve HF management.     

sIPV process development for costs reduction

Polio is expected to be eradicated within only a few years from now. Upon polio eradication, the use of oral polio vaccines, which can cause circulating and virulent vaccine derived polio viruses, will be stopped. From this moment onwards, inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) will be used for worldwide vaccination against polio. An increased demand for IPV is thus anticipated. As a result, process development studies regarding the IPV production process, developed in the 1960s, have intensified. Studies on yield optimization aiming at costs reduction as well as the use of alternative polio viruses, which are more biosafe for manufacturing, are actual. Here our strategy to setup a new IPV production process using attenuated Sabin polio virus strains is presented. Moreover, aspects on reduction of the costs of goods and the impact of process optimization on sIPV costs are reviewed.     

基于BP神经网络和遗传算法优化茺蔚子水苏碱提取工艺的研究

【目的】优化茺蔚子中水苏碱的提取工艺。【方法】采用正交设计,应用误差反向后传（BP）人工神经网络建立茺蔚子水苏碱提取时间、乙醇浓度、料液比与盐酸水苏碱含量之间的关系模型,再结合遗传算法优化提取工艺参数。【结果】提取工艺优化参数为：提取时间62 min、乙醇浓度体积分数69%、料液比11倍,网络模型优化结果稍优于正交试验结果。【结论】 BP神经网络结合遗传算法寻优,能较好地实现茺蔚子水苏碱提取工艺参数的优化,可为解决多维非线性系统的工艺参数优化问题提供崭新而有效的途径。     

基于水流作用机制的人工鱼群算法

针对人工鱼群算法（AFSA）在函数优化问题中易陷入局部极值和求解精度较低的缺点,提出了一种在基本人工鱼群算法中引入水流作用机制的改进方案。通过水流作用机制中的持续性水流和周期性水流对鱼群施加的有益影响来改进原有算法。持续性水流影响鱼群的体力变化从而控制视野和步长参数的自适应调整以提高求解精度;周期性水流冲击鱼群并改变部分鱼的位置,从而保持鱼群的种群多样性以利于全局收敛。仿真实验结果表明：本文的改进算法具有更高的求解精度和更好的全局搜索性能,并验证了算法的有效性。     

樱花多糖提取工艺的优化及抗氧化性研究

目的:通过正交试验优化樱花多糖的提取工艺,对樱花多糖的抗氧化功能进行了相关的研究,为樱花多糖保健功能的研究提供试验依据。方法:通过正交设计优化樱花多糖的提取工艺,用蒽酮-硫酸法测定不同提取条件下多糖的含量,并对其进行抗氧化性试验和自由基的清除试验。结果与结论:通过对试验结果进行分析,最优工艺为3 g干燥的樱花花瓣置于烧杯中,加蒸馏水240 m L,在90℃的水浴锅中提取3 h,过滤,离心,得上清液。各种浓度的樱花多糖提取液均能够有效地清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·),且随着浓度的增大,其清除能力逐渐增强。浓度为70.5μg·L-1多糖提取液的清除率为58.82%。     

胶片-报告按需自助打印在放射科的应用

目的：分析胶片-报告按需自助打印技术对放射科取报告过程的流程优化价值。方法：针对放置在放射科入口处的四台自助打印机,观察患者使用及排队情况、胶片匹配识别情况和废弃胶片积压情况,记录机器故障情况。结果：经过一年的使用,每天约有80%患者愿意尝试通过自助打印机取检查结果,其中多数患者使用顺利,并表示愿意下次继续使用。少数情况下,由于患者行动不便、网络故障、耗材不足等因素,造成患者自助取结果失败。结论：胶片-报告自助打印技术在放射科存在许多应用价值,值得推广。同时需重视对设备的定期养护。     

Differential Improvement in Angina and Health-Related Quality of Life After PCI in Focal and Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease

BackgroundAn increase in fractional flow reserve (FFR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with improvement in angina. Coronary artery disease (CAD) patterns (focal vs diffuse) influence the FFR change after stenting and may predict angina relief.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the differential improvement in patient-reported outcomes after PCI in focal and diffuse CAD as defined by the pullback pressure gradient (PPG).MethodsThis is a subanalysis of the TARGET-FFR (Trial of Angiography vs. pressure-Ratio-Guided Enhancement Techniques–Fractional Flow Reserve) randomized clinical trial. The 7-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-7) was administered at baseline and 3 months after PCI. The PPG index was calculated from manual pre-PCI FFR pullbacks. The median PPG value was used to define focal and diffuse CAD. Residual angina was defined as an SAQ-7 score <100.ResultsA total of 103 patients were analyzed. There were no differences in the baseline characteristics between patients with focal and diffuse CAD. Focal disease had larger increases in FFR after PCI than patients with diffuse disease (0.30 ± 0.14 vs 0.19 ± 0.12; P < 0.001). Patients with focal disease who underwent PCI for focal CAD had significantly higher SAQ-7 summary scores at follow-up than those with diffuse CAD (87.1 ± 20.3 vs 75.6 ± 24.4; mean difference = 11.5 [95% CI: 2.8-20.3]; P = 0.01). After PCI, residual angina was present in 39.8% but was significantly less in those with treated focal CAD (27.5% vs 51.9%; P = 0.020).ConclusionsResidual angina after PCI was almost twice as common in patients with a low PPG (diffuse disease), whereas patients with a high PPG (focal disease) reported greater improvement in angina and quality of life. The baseline pattern of CAD can predict the likelihood of angina relief. (Trial of Angiography vs. pressure-Ratio-Guided Enhancement Techniques–Fractional Flow Reserve [TARGET-FFR]; NCT03259815)     

油用牡丹籽蛋白质的制备及理化性质研究

目的对油用牡丹籽蛋白质的制备工艺以及理化性质进行初步研究。方法在单因素实验基础上,采用碱提酸沉的方法进行提取并以正交试验优化牡丹籽蛋白质的提取工艺。结果牡丹籽蛋白质提取的最佳工艺条件为pH 10.5,提取40 min,液料比25∶1(ml/g),提取温度40℃。牡丹籽蛋白质的分子量主要集中在66.2~18.4 kDa。结论采用碱提酸沉的方法对牡丹籽蛋白质进行提取方便快速,可为牡丹籽蛋白质的开发与利用提供基础。