胫骨去后倾化截骨在合并后倾角异常增大患者前交叉韧带翻修术中的临床应用北大核心CSCD

目的探讨胫骨去后倾化截骨加前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)翻修术治疗ACL初次重建术后失效合并胫骨平台后倾角(posterior tibial slope,PTS)异常增大患者的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2018年1月—2020年1月收治且符合选择标准的9例ACL初次重建术后失效合并PTS异常增大(≥17°)患者的临床资料。男8例,女1例;年龄21~42岁,中位年龄30岁。9例患者Lachman试验均为阳性;轴移试验阴性6例,Ⅰ度阳性2例,Ⅱ度阳性1例。PTS为(17.78±1.09)°、胫骨平台前移距离(anterior tibial translation,ATT)为(11.58±1.47)mm。国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分为(51.0±3.8)分,Lysholm评分为(49.7±4.6)分、Tegner评分为(3.7±0.7)分。初次重建至翻修时间为12~33个月,平均19.6个月。采用胫骨去后倾化截骨加ACL翻修术治疗。术后采用IKDC评分、Lysholm评分及Tegner评分评价膝关节功能改善情况,行Lachman试验、轴移试验评价膝关节稳定性,测量PTS及ATT观察膝关节形态学变化。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未出现切口感染、脂肪液化、坏死以及下肢深静脉血栓形成、神经血管损伤等并发症。9例患者均获随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均25.8个月。末次随访时Lachman试验和轴移试验均为阴性。IKDC评分为(85.0±4.0)分、Lysholm评分为(87.7±2.8)分、Tegner评分为(6.8±0.7)分,PTS减小至(9.89±0.60)°,ATT缩短至(0.91±0.29)mm,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胫骨去后倾化截骨加ACL翻修术治疗ACL初次重建术后失效合并PTS异常增大患者早期临床疗效明确,在改善膝关节稳定性同时可较好地维持正常膝关节形态。     

Salvianolic acid B protects human endothelial progenitor cells against oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction by modulating Akt/mTOR/4EBP1, p38 MAPK/ATF2, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways

The vascular endothelium is specifically sensitive to oxidative stress, and this is one of the mechanisms that causes widespread endothelial dysfunction in most cardiovascular diseases and disorders. Protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage via antioxidant mechanisms is essential for tissue maintenance and shows therapeutic potential for patients suffering from cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a natural bioactive component known from Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been reported to exert cellular protection in various types of cells. However, the underlying mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here, we showed that SalB significantly promoted the migratory and tube formation abilities of human bone marrow derived-endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) in vitro, and substantially abrogated hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cell damage. SalB down-regulated Nox4 and eNOS, as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase expression upon H₂O₂ induction that in turn prevents oxidative-induced endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, SalB suppressed the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and caspase-3 activation after H₂O₂ induction. Furthermore, our results provide mechanistic evidence that activation of the mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathways is required for both SalB-mediated angiogenic and protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury in BM-EPCs. Suppression of MKK3/6-p38 MAPK-ATF2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by SalB significantly protected BM-EPCs against cell injury caused by oxidative stress via reduction of intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis. Taken together, by providing a mechanistic insight into the modulation of redox states in BM-EPCs by SalB, we suggest that SalB has a strong potential of being a new proangiogenic and cytoprotective therapeutic agent with applications in the field of endothelial injury-mediated vascular diseases.     

2-氨基嘌呤对小鼠的毒理学研究

目的:2-氨基嘌呤(2-Aminopurine,2-AP)是一种真核生物翻译启动因子2α(eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α,e IF-2α)激酶的抑制剂。细胞水平的研究发现2-AP能够抑制病毒的复制及泡沫细胞的形成,因此有可能作为药物用于治疗或预防病毒感染和动脉粥样硬化相关的心血管疾病,如缺血性心脏病和中风。这里我们研究了2-AP对小鼠的毒性作用。方法:C57BL野生型小鼠在30d内每两天2-AP灌胃1次,剂量为200、300或400mg/kg体重。结果:所有给药400mg/kg体重的小鼠在14d内全数死亡。解剖后发现在小鼠胃内积累了大量未消化的食物,但其他器官,如心、肾、肝、肺及消化道则没有表现出明显的病理变化。给药剂量为300mg/kg体重的小鼠没有死亡,但与对照组相比,小鼠的生长速度迟缓。给药200mg/kg体重的小鼠,食物摄入量、血糖水平以及体重并没有减少,死亡率与对照组相比也没有增加。结论:小鼠隔日1次灌胃给药2-AP的剂量应该≤200mg/kg。     

What is and isn’t working: Factors involved in sustaining community‐based health and participation initiatives for people ageing with intellectual and developmental disabilities

As people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) age, it is important that I/DD agencies are prepared to support healthy ageing in homes and in communities. This study explored supports and barriers to sustaining community‐based health and participation initiatives (CBHPI) for people ageing with I/DD living in group homes managed by agencies. The study utilized interviews and photovoice with 70 participants—35 individuals with I/DD and 35 management/direct support agency staff. Data were analysed through content analysis and triangulation of data where five themes emerged: Agency values and policies related to healthy ageing; resources and staff competencies; communication between management and staff; community/university partnerships; and peer relations. Findings show that I/DD agencies and people with I/DD value CBHPI, but they find them difficult to sustain due to limited resources and lack of training specific to ageing with I/DD. Conducting system‐level research within I/DD agencies to include first‐person accounts of people with I/DD, staff and management provides insight on how to effectively support the needs of people with I/DD to improve their health and community participation as they age.     

Two novel SNPs in the promoter region of PKR gene in hepatitis C patients and their impact on disease outcome and response to treatment

Background and study aims

The double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase (PKR) plays a vital role in the immune system. During HCV infection, PKR has antiviral effect by inhibition of protein synthesis of the HCV. The functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PKR promoter region might have a relation to HCV disease outcome and response to treatment. The objective of the present work was threefold. First, it proposed an optimized protocol for PCR amplification of PKR promoter. Second, it screened the promoter region of PKR gene in HCV Egyptian patients to detect the possible SNPs’ function. Third, to study the association between the detected SNPs and the response to treatment.

Distribution of casein mRNA between free and membrane-bound polysomes during induction of lactogenesis in the rabbit

The presence of casein mRNA in free and membrane-bound polysomes was estimated during lactogenesis induced by prolactin injected into pseudopregnant rabbits and during the course of pregnancy. Casein mRNA was visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after isolation by poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography and quantified by hybridization with its complementary DNA. Synthesis of casein by both kinds of polysomes was evaluated by translation in a cell-free system followed by immunoprecipitation of the casein synthesized. The presence of nascent casein chains in polysomes was determined by their capacity to bind I¹²⁵I] anti-casein. The ability of tissue to secrete casein was estimated by immunoprecipitation of the labelled casein in the medium during incubation of mammary explants with [¹⁴C] aminoacids.The concentration of casein mRNA was always higher in membrane-bound than in free polysomes. Prolactin increased simultaneously the concentration in both types of polysomes. In the lactating rabbit, about 95% and 5% of total polysomal casein mRNA was found in membrane-bound and in free polysomes respectively. In the pseudopregnant rabbit, before prolactin treatment, these values were 65% and 35%. Under the action of prolactin, this proportion was progressively shifted; after 4 days treatment, the balance observed at lactation was reached. The capacity of the tissue to secrete casein was induced more slowly than casein synthesis itself.     

Adopting,manipulating, transforming: Tactics used by gender practitioners in South African NGOs to translate international gender policies into local practice

This paper looks at what is lost and gained through the process of translating international policy from a global to a local space. It does this by sharing results from a multisite ethnographic study of gender practices in foreign-funded South African health organisations. This study identifies a number of tactics used by practitioners to deal with the funding constraints and unique knowledge systems that characterise local spaces, including: using policy to appeal to donors; merging gender with better resourced programmes; and redirecting funding allocations. These tactics point to how practitioners are adopting, manipulating and transforming international policies in order to suit their everyday working realities.     

Implementing a Knowledge Translation Intervention in Long-Term Care: Feasibility Results From the Vitamin D and Osteoporosis Study (ViDOS)

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of implementing an interdisciplinary, multifaceted knowledge translation intervention within long-term care (LTC) and to identify any challenges that should be considered in designing future studies.DesignCluster randomized controlled trial.SettingForty LTC homes across the province of Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsLTC teams composed of physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other staff.MeasurementsCluster-level feasibility measures, including recruitment, retention, data completion, and participation in the intervention. A process evaluation was completed by directors of care indicating which process/policy changes had been implemented.ResultsRecruitment and retention rates were 22% and 63%, respectively. Good fidelity with the intervention was achieved, including attendance at educational meetings. After ViDOS, 7 process indicators were being newly implemented by more than 50% of active intervention homes.ConclusionDespite recruitment and retention challenges, the multifaceted intervention produced a number of policy/process changes and had good intervention fidelity. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01398527.     

中文科技期刊英文编辑中“回译”应用——以《环境与职业医学》杂志为例

是国外科研人员了解中国科研成果最快捷的途径,英文摘要是否符合语法规范和准确传达原文信息直接影响文章的可读性和被引率。鉴于我国学术期刊英文摘要语言和编校质量较差的现状,本文探讨＂回译＂——一种在国际翻译实践中采用的方法,在中国科技期刊英文编辑中的应用,并通过《环境与职业医学》杂志编辑过程中的实例,分析回译的作用：查漏补缺,明确句子结构,提示表达差异,准确传达原文的信息,梳理中文表达。