MR扩散加权成像对桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤与脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨 MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)在桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤与脑膜瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经术后病理证实的桥小脑角区12例实性神经鞘瘤和27例脑膜瘤的 DWI 图像,逐层勾画肿瘤边界以获得整体感兴趣区(ROI),得到肿瘤的平均 ADC 值(mADC)。同时以脑干 mADC 值为参考,计算得到肿瘤/脑干 ADC 比值(ADC ratio, rADC=肿瘤 mADC值/脑干 mADC值)。桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤之间的 mADC 和 rADC 值差异采用独立样本t检验分析。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析 mADC 和 rADC 值在两者鉴别诊断中的价值。结果桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤mADC和 rADC值均明显高于脑膜瘤(mADC,P=0.001;rADC,P=0.002)。以 mADC=0.994×10-3 mm2/s 作为诊断阈值,鉴别实性神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤的价值最优[曲线下面积(AUC)0.917;敏感度92%;特异度89%]。结论 MR DWI对桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤与脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断有一定的参考价值。     

Meningiomas in three male‐to‐female transgender subjects using oestrogens/progestogens and review of the literature

Sex hormones have been proposed as a possible risk factor for the development and growth of meningiomas. Hormonal therapy plays a fundamental role in the treatment of male‐to‐female transgenders and needs to be continued after sex reassignment surgery. Usually, this treatment leads to no adverse events; however, its impact on hormone‐related tumours such as meningiomas has not yet been investigated thoroughly. We searched our cohort of 2810 male‐to‐female transgender persons, who have been treated between 1975 and 2010, for patients with meningiomas. Additionally, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and EMBASE. We found three patients who developed a meningioma in male‐to‐female transgenders in addition to five other who have been described in the literature. These findings support the role of female sex hormones in the development and growth of meningiomas. This might be an underrepresentation, because there is no standard protocol for screening for meningiomas in this population and meningiomas can remain asymptomatic for several years. We observed regression of multiple meningiomas in one of these three cases after discontinuation of hormonal treatment. The decision to stop or continue cross‐sex hormone therapy in these particular patients should be carefully reconsidered individually.     

Nummular headache secondary to an intracranial mass lesion

Nummular headache is a coin-shaped, chronic cephalalgia usually considered to stem from epicranial tissues. We describe a patient complaining of circumscribed pain in the head as the only symptom of a subtentorial meningioma. This observation underlines the need to revise the concept of circumscribed, referred pains in the head arising from pain-sensitive intracranial structures.     

囊性脑膜瘤临床特点及显微手术后继发癫痫的危险因素

目的 探讨囊性脑膜瘤的临床特点及显微手术后继发癫痫的危险因素。 方法 纳入2018年2月～2021年4月绵阳市中心医院收治的105例囊性脑膜瘤患者的基线资料,行回顾性分析,将患者显微术后发生癫痫者纳入发生组（55例）,未发生癫痫者纳入未发生组（50例）。记录并对比两组患者基线资料,纳入可能影响囊性脑膜瘤患者显微术后发生癫痫的多因素,采用多元Logistic回归分析囊性脑膜瘤患者显微术后继发癫痫的危险因素。 结果 纳入的患者以头痛为主要表现占46.67%,其次四肢无力、头痛伴四肢无力、癫痫症状表现突出,分别占17.14%、12.38%、12.38%。患者显微术后发生癫痫者占比52.38%,未发生癫痫占比47.62%;两组患者年龄、病灶位置、肿瘤直径、肿瘤切除情况、瘤腔出血、术中皮层或血管损伤情况对比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Logistic回归模型多因素分析结果显示,年龄、病灶位置、肿瘤直径、围术期预防用药、肿瘤切除情况、瘤腔出血、术中皮层或血管损伤情况均是导致囊性脑膜瘤患者显微术后发生癫痫的影响因素（OR＞1,P＜0.05）。 结论 年龄、病灶位置、肿瘤直径、肿瘤切除情况、瘤腔出血、术中皮层或血管损伤情况均与囊性脑膜瘤患者显微术后发生癫痫情况密切相关,临床治疗囊性脑膜瘤患者时,针对合并上述危险因素的囊性脑膜瘤患者,进行提前干预,旨在降低囊性脑膜瘤患者术后癫痫发生风险,促进良性预后。     

The unilateral frontotemporal approach for large and giant olfactory groove meningioma: Experience with 18 consecutive patients

AimAlthough the bifrontal approach used to be recommended for large olfactory groove meningioma (OGM), recent studies showed that large OGMs can also be resected safely via unilateral approaches. The present study aimed to discuss reasons for preferring a unilateral frontotemporal approach (UFTA), and the technical nuances and results of the UFTA, based on 18 cases.Material and methodsThe clinical and surgical data of patients who had been operated on for large (4–6 cm) or giant (>6 cm) OGM via a UFTA between 2011 and 2018 were retrospectively collected.ResultsIn all, 18 patients were included. All tumors were compatible with a diagnosis of OGM in the light of peri-operative examinations. 11 cases (61%) were large and 7 (39%) giant OGM; mean diameter was 6.1 cm (range, 4-10 cm). Resection extent was Simpson grade II in 14 cases (78%), grade III in 1 (5%), and grade IV in 3 (17%). Sixteen cases (89%) had no peri-operative complications, while 2 patients (11%) showed cerebrospinal fluid leakage and hemorrhagic deposition in the surgical area. There were no new neurological deficits nor deaths.ConclusionThe UFTA for OGM is a relatively safe and effective approach, ensuring a high total removal rate with low mortality and morbidity. This study, with a reasonable number of patients, is one of the few in the literature on the outcome of this approach.     

Aggressive rhabdoid meningioma with osseous,papillary and chordoma‐like appearance

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. They are usually benign and slowly growing; however, they may show histologically malignant features categorizing them into grade II or III of World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Rhabdoid meningioma (RM) is an uncommon meningioma variant categorized as WHO grade III. The clinical course of RM is determined by local recurrences, invasion of adjacent brain and/or dura, widespread leptomeningeal dissemination, remote metastases and fatal clinical outcome. Herein we report a case with recurrent aggressive left occipital parasagittal region RM in which the patient initially declined radiation treatment. The tumor was resected four times in 5 years. Histopathological examination revealed a rhabdoid meningioma with metaplastic, papillary and chordoid differentiation. Six months after her fourth operation the patient died of progressive disease. RM is a rare subtype of malignant meningioma and the role of different adjuvant therapeutic options are still unknown. Clinical presentation, radiological features and pathologic findings of this uncommon tumor are discussed.     

Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase‐2 and brain fatty acid binding protein expression in grades I‐II meningiomas: Correlation with tumor grade and clinical outcome after radiotherapy

This study was done to evaluate the association of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) and brain fatty acid binding protein (BFABP) with tumor grade and outcome of grades I‐II meningiomas treated with radiotherapy. From 1996 to 2008, 40 patients with intracranial grades I‐II meningiomas were treated with radiotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining for COX‐2 and BFABP were performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues. COX‐2 expression was significantly associated with BFABP status and both COX‐2 (P < 0.01) and BFABP (P = 0.01) expression were stronger in the grade II meningiomas than in grade I tumors. Among the clinicopathologic factors, age and COX‐2 status were prognostic in progression‐free survival. Patients with moderate or strong COX‐2 expression had worse outcome than those with negative or weak COX‐2 expression (P = 0.03) after controlling for potential confounders. Our results suggest that the molecular biomarker COX‐2 has prognostic significance in intracranial grades I‐II meningiomas following radiotherapy.     

小脑幕褶皱脑膜瘤的分型与手术治疗

目的探讨小脑幕褶皱脑膜瘤的分型,并对预后结果进行回顾性分析研究。方法回顾性分析近11年间在我院经手术证实的起源于天幕褶皱的连续21例脑膜瘤。肿瘤最大直径1~6 cm,平均值为2.76 cm。症状包括瞳孔大小不等、复视、上睑下垂、偏盲和共济失调等。随访周期1~36个月不等。根据肿瘤生长部位,分为三种不同亚型。结果肿瘤切除程度达到SimpsonⅡ级19例,Ⅲ级1例,Ⅳ级1例。术后出现新的暂时性神经功能障碍2例,永久性神经功能障碍7例。2例神经功能障碍患者复查时得到恢复。结论小脑幕褶皱脑膜瘤术后永久性动眼神经、外展神经障碍的发生率较高,术前应予以充分考虑。并且寻找相对的平衡点,最大限度的提高患者的术后生活质量。     

巨大脑膜瘤术中术后脑肿胀的预防措施

目的探讨颅内巨大脑膜瘤术中术后脑肿胀脑膨出形成原因、预防措施及其并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析巨大脑膜瘤87例临床资料,通过精确定位、麻醉方法的改变、增加手术操作空间、减少脑组织牵拉、尽可能保留回流静脉以及肿瘤残腔的处理等综合措施,减少术中术后脑肿胀脑膨出发生率。结果87例患者中仅1例因脑肿胀、脑膨出影响手术进程。且根据脑膜瘤切除Simpson分级,肿瘤全切除(simpsonⅠ、Ⅱ)72例,次全切除(simpsonⅢ、Ⅳ)15例,无死亡病例。结论综合的、合理的预防措施能有效缓解术中术后脑肿胀脑膨出,提高巨大肿瘤的切除率并减少并发症发生。     

Malignant meningioma with jugular vein invasion and carotid artery extension: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUNDGrade II and III meningiomas [World Health Organization (WHO) classification] rarely have extracranial metastases via the blood circulation; however, we experienced a case with a metaplastic atypical meningioma and local de-differentiation that metastasized to the jugular vein, carotid artery and subclavian artery at the cervicothoracic junction. Such cases have seldom been reported before.CASE SUMMARYThe patient was a 30-year-old man who developed right neck masses with dysphagia, labored breathing, dizziness, and occasional earaches. Eight months earlier the patient was diagnosed with a right parietal lobe neoplasm and hemorrhage at a local hospital due to the sudden onset of headaches and left limb weakness, and the post-operative pathology was a metaplastic atypical meningioma (WHO grade II) with local de-differentiation (WHO III). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a calcified mass at the root of the neck on the right and a large cystic mass in the right parapharyngeal space. Head and neck angiography showed that the right common carotid artery was compressed and completely occluded, and the jugular vein was enveloped by the tumor and occluded. A balloon occlusion test showed no perfusion in the right common carotid artery. Tumor resection, carotid artery ligation, and subclavian artery reconstruction were performed. The tumor was a malignant meningioma. Post-operatively, the patient had Horner''s syndrome and hoarseness.CONCLUSIONThis case highlights the importance of the link between a large cervical mass and a primary intracranial tumor. Malignant meningioma should not be considered merely as an intracranial metastasis spread through cerebrospinal fluid, it can also be transferred through the circulation to the parapharyngeal space and the cervical great vessels.