一种兔肠源抗菌蛋白分离纯化及其抑菌活性

目的探讨不同摄食控制方法对荷瘤小鼠生存期的影响。方法摄食控制组分别为每日限食2.0 g(DR)、隔1日断食限食4.0 g(IF)、隔2日断食限食6.0 g(SF)和隔1日断食不限食(IF1)4种方法,正常摄食为空白对照组(AL)。观察各组小鼠的体重变化和平均存活天数。结果DR组和IF组平均存活天数分别为19.52±5.24 d和17.96±4.49 d,比对照AL组15.75±1.83 d明显延长(P<0.001和P<0.01)。结论摄食控制恰当,可明显抑制肿瘤细胞的生长、延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期并提高生存质量。     

CURRENT STATUS OF DOUBLE BALLOON ENDOSCOPY

Yamamoto and colleagues have developed a novel insertion method of the endoscope, the ‘double balloon method’ for enteroscopy and, recently, a specialized system for the ‘double balloon method’ has been commercialized by Fujinon. The double balloon endoscopy enables visualization of the entire small bowel and also allows for interventional therapy in the small intestine. This method could be used either from the oral or anal approach. Observation of an affected area with controlled movement of the endoscope enables interventions, including biopsies, hemostasis, balloon dilatation, stent placement, polypectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection. The procedure is safe and useful, and it provides high diagnostic yields and therapeutic capabilities.     

Scintigraphic validation of AC Biosusceptometry to study the gastric motor activity and the intragastric distribution of food in humans

Abnormal intragastric distribution of food (IDF) and a phasic contractility in the proximal stomach have been related to dyspeptic symptoms. Thus, the behaviour of the stomach and the proximal region, in particular, continues to attract attention and demand for reliable and comfortable techniques. The aims of this study were to employ AC Biosusceptometry (ACB) and scintigraphy to evaluate IDF and gastric motor activity in humans. Fifteen healthy volunteers ingested 60 mL of yogurt containing 2 mCi of 99mTc and 4 g of ferrite. Each volunteer had gastric motility and IDF evaluated twice on separate days; on one occasion by ACB and another by scintigraphy. Digital signal processing was performed in MatLab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Results were expressed as mean +/- SD. Similar results of distal accumulation time (P < 0.001) were obtained for scintigraphy (6.93 +/- 3.25 min) and for ACB (7.04 +/- 3.65 min). Fast Fourier Transform revealed two dominant frequencies (P > 0.9). Besides the well-know frequency of 3 cpm, our results showed identical frequencies in proximal stomach recordings (P < 0.001) for scintigraphic (1.01 +/- 0.01 cpm) and ACB (0.98 +/- 0.06 cpm). In summary, our data showed that scintigraphy and ACB are promising techniques to evaluate several aspects of gastric motility. Moreover, ACB is non-invasive, radiation-free and deserves the same importance as conventional methods for this kind of analysis.     

Low-dose lactulose produces a tonic contraction in the human colon

Lactulose (10-20 g day(-1)) is used to treat constipation. At this therapeutic dose, its effects on colonic motility remain unknown. Twenty-two healthy subjects swallowed a probe with an infusion catheter, six perfused catheters and a balloon connected to a barostat. Colonic phasic and tonic motor activity was recorded in fasting state. In group 1, four volunteers ingested 15 g lactulose and motility was recorded for 5 h after entry of lactulose into the caecum; in group 2, motility was recorded during (3 h) and 2 h after intracolonic infusion of isoosmotic and isovolumetric solutions containing sodium chloride alone (n = 9) or with 15 g lactulose (n = 9). In a last group of volunteers, isotopic colonic transit after ingestion of lactulose (10 g,n = 9) was assessed and compared with a control group (n = 17). Ingestion or intracolonic infusion of 15 g lactulose significantly decreased barostat bag volume (maximal decrease: 45 +/- 12% and 35 +/- 9% of basal value respectively). Phasic contractions remained unchanged. Tonic and phasic motility was unchanged by the isotonic and isovolumetric infusion of saline. Ingestion of lactulose significantly accelerated isotopic colonic transit time compared with the control group. We conclude that in healthy humans, 10-15 g ingestion or intracaecal infusion of lactulose produces a prolonged tonic contraction that may be involved in the laxative effect of lactulose.     

因症就诊检出早期大肠癌的临床及病理学特征

目的探讨在就诊的肛肠病人中如何提高早期大肠癌的检出率。方法在１１家医院推广对肛肠病人的四项检查程序——直肠指检，乙结镜检查，大便隐血试验，和Ｘ线气钡灌肠造影。结果在４８２１例有肛肠症状的病人中，检出大肠癌１８８例，检出率为３．９％，其中１８０例有术后病理诊断。４７／１８０例（２６．１％）属早期癌（ＤｕｋｅｓｓｔａｇｅＡ）。４１／４７例由上述四项检查作出初步诊断。初发症状为：（１）便血（２６例，持续１５．２±９．４周后就诊，肿瘤平均直径２．５８ｃｍ）；（２）大便习惯改变（９例，３３．４±１９．７周，３．３９ｃｍ）；（３）腹痛腹块（１０例，１９．２±１１．２周，５．０ｃｍ）；（４）贫血（２例，１７．２±９．９周，４．７５ｃｍ）。８／１２例的Ａ０和Ａ１期病例属便血组，并多位于直肠。４１／４７例以高、中分化腺癌为主，其中１５例伴有腺瘤癌变。术前曾作活检的２７例中，１２例未检出癌变细胞。结论四项检查对检出早期大肠癌是有效的，便血是提示早期癌最有价值的症状，加强大肠癌防治宣教，采用瘤灶多点或全瘤活检技术，高度重视大肠腺瘤和不典型增生等癌前病变，将有助于提高早期大肠癌的检出率     

ISCHAEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY TO THE INTESTINE

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is of obvious relevance in situations where there is an interruption of blood supply to the gut, as in vascular surgery, or in the construction of free intestinal grafts. It is now appreciated that IRI also underlies the gut dysfunction that occurs in early shock, sepsis, and trauma. The events that occur during IRI are complex. However, recent advances in cellular biology have started to unravel these underlying processes. The aim of this review is to provide an outline of current knowledge on the mechanisms and consequences of IRI. Initially, IRI appears to be mediated by reactive oxygen metabolites and, at a later stage, by the priming and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Ischaemia-reperfusion injury can diminish the barrier function of the gut, and can promote an increase in the leakage of molecules (intestinal permeability) or the passage of microbes across the wall of the bowel (bacterial trans-location). Ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the gut can result in the generation of molecules that may also harm distant tissues.     

Effect of chronic oral domperidone therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with parkinson's disease

This study investigated whether domperidone could improve gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease who were receiving levodopa therapy. A total of 11 patients were studied. Following a baseline gastric emptying test, patients were treated with a starting dose of domperidone 20 mg p.o. q.i.d. A follow-up gastric emptying test was repeated at least 4 months after starting domperidone therapy. At the beginning and at each 3-month follow-up visit, symptoms of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal bloating, heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, and constipation were evaluated and scored on a scale of 0–3. The overall mean follow-up period was 3 years. Compared with their baseline evaluation, patients experienced a significant improvement in all symptoms (p < 0.05) except dysphagia and constipation. Gastric emptying of an isotope-labeled solid meal was significantly faster, with a baseline result of 60.2 ± 6.4% retention of isotope 2 h after the meal compared with 37.0 ± 2.2% retention during domperidone therapy (p < 0.05). Patients' global assessment of Parkinson's disease remained stable or improved. Serum prolactin was elevated in all patients after domperidone therapy (p < 0.05). Domperidone therapy significantly reduces upper gastrointestinal symptoms and accelerates gastric emptying of a solid meal, but does not interfere with response to antiparkinsonism treatment.     

Influence of complement on sperm motility

Isolated sperm from normo-, oligo- and astheno-spermic men were incubated for 20 h in medium supplemented with 8% heat-inactivated or untreated human serum, and in medium with heated or untreated serum deficient in complement factor C3. Before and after incubation, sperm motility was assessed by means of a computer-assisted semen analyser. The results did not show significant differences between the motility of sperm incubated in heated or untreated serum. It is concluded that heating of homologous serum is not necessary for preserving sperm motility and in some cases may even be disadvantageous.     

The dynamic distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the small intestine of mice with intestinal radiation sickness

ＴｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｍａｌｌｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎｅｏｆｍｉｃｅｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｃｋｎｅｓｓＷｅｉＬｉｃｈｕｎ（魏丽春）；ＧｕｏＹａｏ（郭鹞）（...