Closed-Chest Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegia: Basis for Less Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Background. We developed a method of closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass to arrest and protect the heart with cardioplegic solution. This method was used in 54 dogs and the results were retrospectively analyzed.

Methods. Bypass cannulas were placed in the right femoral vessels. A balloon occlusion catheter was passed via the left femoral artery and positioned in the ascending aorta. A pulmonary artery vent was placed via the jugular vein. In 17 of the dogs retrograde cardioplegia was provided with a percutaneous coronary sinus catheter.

Results. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was 111 ± 27 minutes (mean ± standard deviation) and cardiac arrest time was 66 ± 21 minutes. Preoperative cardiac outputs were 2.9 ± 0.70 L/min and postoperative outputs were 2.9 ± 0.65 L/min (p = not significant). Twenty-one-French and 23F femoral arterial cannulas that allowed coaxial placement of the ascending aortic balloon catheter were tested in 3 male calves. Line pressures were higher, but not clinically limiting, with the balloon catheter placed coaxially.

Conclusions. Adequate cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia can be achieved in the dog without opening the chest, facilitating less invasive cardiac operations. A human clinical trial is in progress.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new alkyl[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido]benzene derivatives

Several alkyl[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido] (CEU) benzene derivatives were prepared as potential anticancer agents. These new compounds were readily prepared in good yields by addition of anilines to 2-chloroethylisocyanate. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), human colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo) and mouse lymphocytic leukemia (P388D₁) tumor cell lines. Several new CEUs were significantly more cytotoxic than the nitrogen mustard chlorambucil. The biological activity of these aromatic urea derivatives seems to be related to the nature and position of the alkyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Substitution by branched alkyl groups on position 4 of the aromatic ring led to cytotoxic molecules which are up to 5 times more potent than the standard chlorambucil.     

用于筛选天然产物中脲酶抑制剂的脲酶活性测试方法的建立

抑制幽门螺杆菌产生的脲酶具有治疗胃炎和消化性溃疡的作用。用酚红指示剂和Ｂｅｒｔｈｅｌｏｔ试剂在９６孔培养板上检测重组脲酶活性，其灵敏度指标酚红法每ｍｇ酶蛋白引起的每分钟吸光度变化。△Ａ为６．９，而Ｂｅｒｔｈｅｌｏｔ法每ｍｇ酶蛋白引起的每分钟吸光度比值变化△Ａ为３１３。结果表明用Ｂｅｒｔｈｅｌｏｔ试剂检测重组脲酶活性适宜在９６孔培养板上大规模筛选天然产物中的脲酶抑制剂。     

防晒制剂皮肤安全性的实验研究

目的 :探讨同一系列不同SPF(sunprotectionfactor)防晒制剂对皮肤的安全性 ,筛选安全有效的防晒制剂配方。方法 :选用白化豚鼠背部去毛 ,分别涂抹SPF值为 15、2 8、30 +三种防晒制剂 ,以UV光源照射 ,波长为 32 0～4 0 0nm ,强度为 ( 16 8± 2 )mW/cm2 。结果 :三种不同SPF防晒制品对实验动物皮肤各时相点反应积分为 ,SPF15组为0 ;SPF2 8组为 1;SPF30 +组为 3。结论 :三种不同SPF值产品对皮肤的光毒性有一定差异 ,提示SPF值在 2 8以内的防晒制剂皮肤安全性较好 ,SPF30 +的防晒制剂对皮肤有一定光毒刺激反应。     

天冬胶作为血管栓塞剂毒性实验的初步报告

目的:从其毒性和相关特性方面研究天冬胶作为血管栓塞剂的可行性。方法:昆明小鼠腹腔注射天冬胶后观察外貌行为、食物消耗、体重情况。最后检测WBC、血小板、RBC和Hb浓度;测定血清ALT、肌酐和尿素氮浓度。病理检查心、肝、肾、脾、脑、腹膜、生精组织及腹壁肌肉。大腿肌肉注射天冬胶的小鼠1、3、7 d后各处死,取局部肌肉标本送病理检查。结果:1.仅实验组给药后第1天反应稍差及食量显著低于对照组(P<0.001)外,第2天起各组外貌行为无异常、食量无显著差异(均P>0.05)。2.各组小鼠的体重随时间而增加,除实验组2于实验1周后增长速度显著低于实验组1(P<0.02)和对照组(P<0.001)外,其他无显著差异。3.各组血WBC、血小板、RBC、Hb及血清ALT、肌酐和尿素氮浓度无显著差别。4.仅1个实验组小鼠肝脏内可见多灶性淋巴细胞和其他炎症细胞浸润区,其他组肝脏表现正常。实验组腹膜出现少许慢性炎症细胞的浸润和间皮细胞的增生。其他均无病理改变。大腿肌肉内仅见少许残留异物,无病理改变。结论:天冬胶使用安全、生物相容性较好,作为血管栓塞剂有较好的前景。     

经皮血管内栓塞颅内动静脉畸形（附38例治疗效果观察）

经皮血管内采用氰基丙烯酸异丁脂（ＩＢＣＡ）栓塞治疗３８例颅内动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）病人。其中８例达到１００％完全栓塞，栓塞面积大于７５％的１０例，大于５０％者１１例；余下９例栓塞面积小于５０％，１９例以出血为首发症状，１１例以癫痫为首发症状，６例神经功能障碍，２例以头痛为主要症状。栓塞术后发生并发症５例，占１３％，无死亡病例。本文讨论了超选插管技术问题、Ａｍｙｔａｌ试验假阴性、导管粘连及正常灌注压突破。     

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis: Treatment with Anti-Mycotic Agents

In order to elucidate the effectiveness of anti-mycotics in treating seborrhoeic dermatitis, an attempt was made to isolate Malassezia from seborrhoeic lesions of patients of seborrhoeic dermatitis. The results revealed that, in male patients, 46/49 cases were positive for Malassezia furfur on the face and 30/48 cases were positive for M. furfur on the scalp. In female patients, 7/13 cases were positive for M. furfur on the face, and 6/17 cases were positive for M. furfur on the scalp. Anti-mycotic agents were excellent in 50% and good in 31% of the spore-positive cases, yielding an overall efficacy rate of 81%. In contrast, the treatment of the face with vehicle alone showed only one excellent result out of 8 cases. Although clinical improvement was rapid on the side treated with a topical corticosteroid in the half-side-test, numerous fungal elements remained. While the improvement with anti-mycotic agents was slower than that with the corticosteroid, clinical improvement became evident by the third week of administration and fungal elements disappeared.     

912抗肿瘤作用机理的初步探讨

作者对912的抗肿瘤作用机理进行了初步探讨。观察到912对癌细胞的移植量以及不同的服用时间均表现出不同的抑瘤效应。将服用912后的小鼠的脾细胞与肿瘤细胞混合后再接种,肿瘤生长明显抑制。912对实验肿瘤动物的外周血白细胞分类、巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和E玫瑰花形成也有一定的影响。     

光固化复合树脂修补方法的比较研究

本研究评价了喷砂、氢氟酸(HF)、氢氟酸处理后涂KH-570乙醇液等方法时国产GD光固化复合树脂以及进口VIVADENT复合树脂的修补效果.结果表明:9.6%HF处理国产树脂、喷砂处理进口树脂均获得最大的修补强度,HF KH-570处理方法虽为每种材料中之最小者,但与其它修补方法间无显著性差异.     

Flecainide

Flecainide. Flecainide is a Class IC antiarrhythmic agent whose primary electrophysiologic effect is a slowing of conduction in a wide range of cardiac tissues. It is well absorbed and effective in suppressing isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or nonsustained ventricular arrhythmia but has only a modest efficacy when electrophysiologic testing is used as an endpoint. Us adverse effect on mortality in the CAST trial suggested a propensity to proarrhythmia-a phenomenon to which the Class IC agents appear particularly prone. Despite the applicability of the CAST study only to patients with a prior myocardial infarction, there has been a shift away from flecainide in ventricular arrhythmia, but the low noncardiac side effect profile of the agent allows for its continued use in a wide variety of supraventricular arrhythmias. ( J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 5, pp. 964–981. November 1994 )