青叶胆Shan酮类化合物的成分研究

目的　分离鉴定青叶胆 Swertia mileensis全草的酮类成分。方法　 95 %乙醇浸提 ,经硅胶柱色谱分离纯化 ,UV,IR,MS,1 H和 1 3CNMR波谱方法确定化学结构。结果　分得 12个酮成分 ,分别为 1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,5 -四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,5 - tetramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,7-三甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,7-trim ethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,5 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,5 ,7- tetram ethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3-二甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihydroxy- 2 ,3- dimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3,7-三甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihy-droxy- 2 ,3,7- trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,5 -三甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,5 - trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,7- tetramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,8-二羟基 - 2 ,3,6 -三甲氧基酮 (1,8- dihydroxy- 2 ,3,6 - trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,7- te-tramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,2 ,3,5 -四甲氧基酮 (1,2 ,3,5 - tetromethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,6 -四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxyl- 2 ,3,4 ,6     

胸椎错位并心律异常13例临床报告

目的 探讨脊柱源性心律紊乱的主要发病部位。方法 对13例脊柱病变引发的心律紊乱，主要以纠正上胸段错位为主，采用理筋、整脊和功能锻炼治疗。结果 经治疗均临床治愈，随访半年以上无复发。结论 脊源性心律紊乱主要部位在胸椎。     

中学生社会比较特点及其与学业成绩的关系

目的了解中学生的社会比较特点及其与学业成绩的关系,为开展学生心理健康教育提供参考。方法采用问卷法,调查重庆市某中学392名中学生的社会比较和学业成绩。结果不同学业成绩水平中学生的社会比较倾向差异无统计学意义;学业成绩优异中学生更倾向于上行认同、平行认同的比较方式,而学业成绩较差中学生更倾向于上行对比、下行认同的比较方式。中学生更倾向于作出认同反应,且偏好反映在上行、平行和下行方向上。性别因素在社会比较倾向和具体比较方式上的选择主效应不显著;年级因素在社会比较倾向和某些具体比较方式上主效应显著,表现为中学生的社会比较倾向和对上行认同、平行认同、下行认同的选择随年级上升而趋于降低。结论中学生的社会比较与学业成绩之间存在特定对应关系,应有针对性地开展教育。     

中药琥珀类的商品药材鉴别

通过对琥珀类商品药材的鉴别比较，对琥珀类的性状鉴别、经验鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等进行分析，为琥珀提供鉴别依据。     

荧光光谱法分析煤焦油组分

研究煤焦油组分时,为了防止组分相互之间的干扰,在测定前用几种不同极性的溶剂:石油醚;80%石油醚-20%甲苯;60%石油醚-40%甲苯;40%石滑醚-60%甲苯;20%石油醚-80%甲苯;甲苯;氯仿;50%氟仿-50%甲醇;甲醇进行洗提,从煤焦油中得到9个级分。然后用荧光法从9个级分中鉴定出28个组分:茶、苊、联苯、三甲基酚、菲、异喹啉、芴、对氨基酚、联苯胺、蒽醌、四氢萘、2,5-二甲酚、蒽、咔唑、间苯二酚、二乙基苯胺、喹啉、吲哚醌、1,3,5-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、萘醌、菲醌、窟、苾、氧芴、1,2-苯并蒽、2,3-苯并蒽、3,4-苯并苾。同时定量了氯仿和甲醇级分中氧芴、(艹屈)、联苯胺、苾、菲、蒽、咔唑、四氢蔡咔、四氢萘、苯醌、喹啉、8-羟基喹啉等12个组分的含量。     

克痛喷剂的质量标准研究

采用薄层色谱法对克痛喷剂中蟾酥、冰片、大黄、栀子、白芷进行定性鉴别；并应用气相色谱法对冰片的含量进行测定。实验结果证明方法简便，斑点圆整，重现性及专属性均好，可国该制剂的质量控制标准。     

用三参量模糊分析法识别潜水减压气泡信号的研究

目的 探讨潜水减压多普勒超声气泡信号的模糊识别方法。方法 根据气泡信号的频谱分布特征，构建f-f-△p三参量模糊算法，并通过减压病动物模型进行验证，同时对66例氦氧150m饱和-180m巡回潜水减压的数据进行检测。结果 在减压病动物模型中分别检测到I～Ⅱ级气泡(按Spencer分级标准)，气泡数量6～113个／3s内不等；在饱和潜水减压资料中，检测到1人两次有I级气泡音，气泡数量分别为3个(11s录音)与6个(17s录音)，与人工监听结果基本一致。结论 用三参量模糊分析方法充分借鉴了多年来人工分析所积累的经验，同时利用了计算机辅助分析技术，气泡信号的检测分析较为准确客观。     

Techniques in facial identification: Computer-aided facial reconstruction using a laser scanner and video superimposition

A facial image was reconstructed from the skull, part of a complete skeleton found in woodland, of a male person who had hanged himself from a tree. In addition, video superimposition was carried out with antemortem photographs of a person suspected of being the victim, and a good match was obtained. In a further case, a cheaper video-transparency superimposition was carried out, with identity later being confirmed on the basis of dental records. The techniques and the problems encountered are discussed. According to our experience, 3D computer reconstruction and video superimposition have a useful role in the process of identification, particularly in the early stages of an investigation and when other more definitive methods may not be available.     

Development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR to identify the main pathogenic Campylobacter spp.

A simple real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) PCR, targeting the gyrA gene outside the quinolone resistance-determining region, was developed to identify Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. These species were distinguished easily, as the corresponding melting points showed a difference of 15 degrees C. A second assay using the same biprobe and PCR conditions, but different PCR primers, was also developed to identify the less frequently encountered Campylobacter fetus. These assays were applied to 807 Campylobacter isolates from clinical specimens. Compared to phenotypic identification tests, the FRET assay yielded the same results for all except three of the isolates. Analysis by standard PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that two of these isolates were hippurate-negative C. jejuni strains, resulting in an erroneous phenotypic identification, while the third was an isolate of C. coli that contained a gyrA gene typical of C. jejuni, resulting in misidentification by the FRET assay. The FRET assay identified more isolates than standard PCR, which failed to yield amplification products with c. 10% of isolates. It was concluded that the FRET assays were rapid, reliable, reproducible and relatively cost-efficient, as they require only one biprobe and can be performed directly on boiled isolates.     

Identification of antigenic epitopes in the haemagglutinin protein of H7 avian influenza virus

ABSTRACT

The H7 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has been reported to infect not only poultry but also humans. The haemagglutinin (HA) protein is the major surface antigen of AIV and plays an important role in viral infection. In this study, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, 2F8, 3F6, 5C11, 5E2 and 5C12) against the HA protein of H7 virus were produced and characterized. Epitope mapping indicated that ¹⁰³RESGSS¹⁰⁷ was the minimal linear epitope recognized by the mAbs 2F8/3F6/5C11, and mAbs 5E2/5C12 recognized the epitope 103-145aa. The protein sequence alignment of HA indicated that the two epitopes were not found in other subtypes of AIV, and none of the five mAbs cross-reacted with other subtypes, suggesting these mAbs are specific to H7 virus. The epitope ¹⁰³RESGSS¹⁰⁷ was highly conserved among Eurasian lineage strains of H7 AIV, whereas three amino acid substitutions (E104R, E104K and E104G) in the epitope occurred in 98.44% of North-American lineage strains. Any of these single mutations prevented the mutated epitope from being recognized by mAbs 2F8/3F6/5C11; thus, these mAbs can distinguish between Eurasian and North-American lineages of H7 strains. Furthermore, the mAbs 2F8, 3F6 and 5C11 could be highly blocked with H7-positive serum in blocking assays, revealing that ¹⁰³RESGSS¹⁰⁷ may be a dominant epitope stimulating the production of antibodies during viral infection. These results may facilitate future investigations into the structure and function of HA protein, as well as surveillance and detection of H7 virus.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

• Five mAbs against HA protein of H7 AIV were generated and characterized.

• Two novel epitopes ¹⁰³RESGSS¹⁰⁷ and 103-145aa were identified.

• The epitope ¹⁰³RESGSS¹⁰⁷ differs between Eurasian and North-American lineages.

• The mAbs 2F8, 3F6 and 5C11 could distinguish two lineages of H7 strains.