变性高效液相色谱检测 PKD2基因突变

目的　利用变性高效液相色谱分析技术 ( denaturing high- performance liquidchromatography,DHPL C) ,检测 2型常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病致病基因 ( polycystic kidney diseasegene 2 ,PKD2 )突变。方法　收集临床确诊的汉族常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病 ( autosomal dominantpolycystic kidney disease,ADPKD) 94个家系 ,提取外周血白细胞 DNA,用聚合酶链反应 ( polymerasechain reaction,PCR)扩增目的基因的全编码区 ,DHPL C对 PCR产物进行突变筛选 ,出现异常峰型的DNA片段进行核苷酸序列测定 ,明确突变位点和类型。结果　以 5 0名健康志愿者为正常对照 ,从 94例患者家系中成功检测出 8种突变 ,包括 2种无义突变、3种移码突变、3种错义突变。无义突变分别位于第 5和13外显子 ( 12 4 9C→ T,2 4 0 7C→ T) ,编码氨基酸分别在 4 17和 80 3位形成终止密码子。移码突变分别位于第2、12和 13外显子 ( 6 36 - 6 37ins T,2 348- 2 35 1del AGAA,2 4 0 1del A)。错义突变分别位于第 1、4和 5外显子 ( 5 6 8G→ A,96 4 C→T,116 8G→A) ,其编码氨基酸发生改变 ( 190 Ala→ Thr,32 2 Arg→Trp,390 Gly→ Ser)。结论　所检测出的 8种突变 ,为 ADPKD患者的基因诊断、产前诊断和囊肿前诊断积累了资料     

大鼠肝抑素纯化及其生物活性的检测

用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｃＧ－５凝胶过滤层析法，进一步纯化具肝抑素生物活性的大鼠肝蛋白质粗提品，以分离的大鼠再生肝的肝细胞为靶细胞，体外检测各洗脱峰浓缩物对肝细胞增殖的制率结果证明，Ｅ峰浓缩物的抑制作用最强，其活性比为粗提品的２０倍，ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺电泳图及蛋白质迁移率测定表明，该浓缩物的主要成分为分子量１３．５ｋＤ的多肽。本研究对大鼠肝抑素做了初步纯化，验证了该物质在肝再生中起重要调控作用的生物效应。     

Distribution of galanin immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and the responses of galanin-containing neuronal pathways to injury

Radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry were used to study the distribution of galanin, a novel 29 amino acid porcine intestinal peptide, in the central nervous system of the rat and pig. The pattern of distribution was similar in the two species, with the highest concentrations of galanin-like immunoreactivity found in the neurohypophysis, hypothalamus and sacral spinal cord. Immunocytochemical studies of these regions localized galanin-like immunoreactivity to cell bodies in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, to fibres in the pars nervosa and to numerous cell bodies and fibres in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. On both gel and high pressure liquid chromatography, galanin-like immunoreactivity in rat and pig nervous tissue eluted as a single peak in a position similar to purified procine intestinal galanin standard. Surgical and pharmacological manipulations in the rat suggest the presence of galanin in afferent fibres. An increase of galanin-like immunoreactivity was observed in the sacral spinal cord of the rat following thoracic spinal cord transection. Thus galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain is mainly localized in the hypothalamopituitary region. The decrease of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, following dorsal rhizotomy and pre-treatment of rats with capsaicin, indicates that many of the fibres, which are of small diameter, may well be derived from spinal sensory neurones.     

Major phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine synthesis in adult Schistosoma mansoni

The major phospholipids present in the phospholipid extract of Schistosoma mansoni were phosphatidylcholine (28%), phosphatidylethanolamine (25%), phosphatidylserine (15%) and phosphatidylglycerol (8%). The synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in S. mansoni adults occurred by the choline to phosphatidylcholine or Kennedy pathway. Incorporation of CDPcholine and choline into the phosphatidylcholine of worm slices appeared linear over time with no demonstrable sex differences in choline incorporation. A slight difference in the incorporation of CDPcholine by separate sexes was evident. Methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine could not be demonstrated.     

Apoptosis in dengue virus infected liver cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B

While both in vivo and in vitro evidence has suggested that liver cells undergo apoptosis in response to dengue virus infection, little is known about the mechanism of induction. Given that the p53 tumour suppressor gene is a key mediator of apoptosis, we sought to define the role of this gene in response to dengue virus infection. After infection, a p53 wild type liver cell line (HepG2) showed changes consistent with apoptosis including alterations of cell morphology, cellular detachment and DNA laddering. However, p53 was neither up-regulated, nor showed any evidence of complexing with dengue virus proteins as determined by immunoprecipitation. Infection of a p53 null liver cell line (Hep3B) also produced changes consistent with the induction of apoptosis. While the profile of the cells undergoing apoptosis in each cell line was similar as determined by flow cytometry, the absolute levels were markedly different with up to 90% of Hep3B cells undergoing apoptosis compared to only 20% of HepG2 cells at day 5 post infection. By day 7, all Hep3B infected cells were dead. In contrast, it proved possible to culture dengue virus infected HepG2 cells for 3 months. Viral progeny released from the p53 null cell line were nine-fold higher per attached cell than from the p53 wild type cell line. These results suggest that, while induction of apoptosis in liver cells is mediated by a non-p53 regulated pathway, p53 may play a role in restricting the level of viral progeny to below a critical level at which apoptosis is triggered.     

Diurnal variations of serum erythropoietin at sea level and altitude

This study tested the hypothesis that the diurnal variations of serum-erythropoietin concentration (serum-EPO) observed in normoxia also exist in hypoxia. The study also attempted to investigate the regulation of EPO production during sustained hypoxia. Nine subjects were investigated at sea level and during 4 days at an altitude of 4350 m. Median sea level serum-EPO concentration was 6 (range 6–13) U·l^–1. Serum-EPO concentration increased after 18 and 42 h at altitude, [58 (range 39–240) and 54 (range 36–340) U·l^–1, respectively], and then decreased after 64 and 88 h at altitude [34 (range 18–290) and 31 (range 17–104) U·l^–1, respectively]. These changes of serum-EPO concentration were correlated to the changes in arterial blood oxygen saturation (r = –0.60,P = 0.0009), pH (r = 0.67,P = 0.003), and in-vivo venous blood oxygen half saturation tension (r = –0.68,P = 0.004) but not to the changes in 2, 3 diphosphoglycerate. After 64 h at altitude, six of the nine subjects had down-regulated their serum-EPO concentrations so that median values were three times above those at sea level. These six subjects had significant diurnal variations of serum-EPO concentration at sea level; the nadir occurred between 0800–1600 hours [6 (range 4–13) U·l^–1], and peak concentrations occurred at 0400 hours [9 (range 8–14) U·l^–1,P = 0.02]. After 64 h at altitude, the subjects had significant diurnal variations of serum-EPO concentration; the nadir occurred at 1600 hours [20 (range 16–26) U·l^–1], and peak concentrations occurred at 0400 hours [31 (range 20–38) U·l^–1,P = 0.02]. This study demonstrated diurnal variations of serum-EPO concentration in normoxia and hypoxia, with comparable time courses of median values. The results also suggested that EPO production at altitude is influenced by changes in pH and haemoglobin oxygen affinity.     

Evidence of allosteric conformational changes in the antibody constant region upon antigen binding

We have addressed the question of whether antigen binding induces a conformational change in the heavy chain constant (C(H)) domain of antibodies using staphylococcal protein A or streptococcal protein G as probes, since these proteins are known to bind to IgG domains such as C(H)1 and C(H)2-C(H)3 domains. Biosensor assays on interactions between these proteins and mouse IgG specific to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) or their enzymatic fragments conducted in the presence or absence of the hapten, NP-epsilon-aminocaproic acid (NP-Cap), showed that the binding of IgG to these proteins was inhibited by the binding of NP-Cap. The results of isothermal titration calorimetry also revealed that the association constant for the interaction of protein A with IgG2b decreased by the addition of NP-Cap. These results suggested that antigen binding induced conformational changes in binding sites for protein G or protein A located at C(H)1 and C(H)2-C(H)3 domains, respectively.     

高效凝胶色谱一步法制备级纯化单克隆抗体

作者采用ＰｈａｒｍａｃｉａＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ—３００凝胶色谱柱，建立了ＩｇＧ类ＭｃＡｂ的一步法制各级纯化方法。该法是将ＭｃＡｂ腹水直接上样，用ｐＨ７．４１０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＰＢＳ洗脱（流速０．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ），即得到纯化的ＭｃＡｂ。一次上样量４０～５０ｍｌ腹水，回收率为８５％－９０％．整个纯化周期４ｈ。纯化的ＭｃＡｂ经ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ测定，纯度＞９０％，免疫组化ＡＢＣ法测定活性为１：８００００（７．８×１０－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。该法操作简单、快速，只要有一台核酸／蛋白检测仪，便可进行制备级水平的纯化。     

非受体型酪氨酸激酶-Syk蛋白的提取与纯化

目的 :从转染syk基因的Sf2 1细胞中提取、纯化免疫相关因子Syk蛋白。方法 :将syk基因转染Sf2 1细胞 ,于 2 8℃培养 48h ,收集细胞 ,用超声波破碎仪裂解细胞 ,提取裂解液中总蛋白 ,用Yellow 3凝胶和Toyopearl AF Heptin 650M凝胶层析柱分离、纯化。层析液中的Syk蛋白存在和性质 ,用SDS PAGE、免疫印迹实验和等电聚焦实验鉴定。结果 :从 2 5亿个Sf2 1细胞裂解液中提取了含有Syk的 2 2 5mg蛋白质。经Yellow 3凝胶层析分离 ,得到两个亚种的Syk蛋白 ,相对分子质量 (Mr)均为72× 10 3 。进一步用Toyopearl AF Heptin 650M凝胶层析纯化后 ,得到两个纯的Syk蛋白 ,SDS PAGE、免疫印迹实验结果显示 ,两种Syk的Mr 均为 72× 10 3,与Syk的理论相对分子质量吻合。但等电聚焦实验显示 ,这两种Syk蛋白成分具有不同的pI值。结论 :从 2 5亿个转染syk基因的Sf2 1细胞中纯化出8mgSyk蛋白 ,纯度高于 95%。这两种Syk的Mr 虽然相同 ,但具有不同的pI值 ,是两个亚种。这些Syk可用于研究Syk的作用机制、抗Syk抗体的制备和Syk诊断试剂盒的制备等     

Identification, isolation, and characterization of a species-specific 30-kDa antigen of Oesophagostomum dentatum

In the search for a serology tool for the diagnosis of nonpatent as well as patent infections with Oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs a water-soluble, unglycosilated antigen of about 30 kDa specific for the third-stage larvae of the parasite was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. In Western blots, the antigen was first detected by antibodies at day 7 postinfection. Cross-reactivity with O. quadrispinulatum, Ascaris suum, or Trichuris suis was not detected. It is suggested that this protein is a suitable tool for the species-specific serodiagnosis of O. dentatum infection in pigs. Received: 15 June 1998 / Accepted: 28 September 1998