神经营养因子-3对大鼠脊髓半横断后背根神经节c-Jun表达的影响

目的：研究神经营养因子-3(NT-3)对脊髓半横断后背根神经节c-Jun表达的影响，探索NT-3促进脊髓修复的作用机制。方法：将实验动物分为：对照组，损伤组和NT-3注射组，应用荧光免疫组化法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜，观察各组背根神经节c-Jun的表达，并计数细胞核完整的神经元数目。结果：脊髓损伤后，背根神经节的细胞内c-Jun的表达上调；NT-3注射组脊髓损伤侧背根神经节神经元的c-Jun表达明显上调，背根神经节内细胞核呈完整状态的神经元数量明显增多。结论：(1)c-Jun在轴突损伤后表达上调。(2)NT-3对轴突损伤后的神经元有保护作用。(3)NT-3可能通过使c-Jun表达上调而发挥其促神经再生作用。     

Synaptic organization of dorsal root projections to lumbar motoneurons in the clawed toad (Xenopus laevis)

Summary Synaptic connexions between dorsal root primary afferents and lumbar motoneurons have been investigated in the isolated spinal cord of the clawed toad. The study of monosynaptic actions evoked in motoneurons by 9th or 10th dorsal root stimulation or by impulses in single primary afferents provided evidence for both electrical and chemical junctional transmission at the sensory-motor synapses. The anterograde filling of the 9th and 10th dorsal roots with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) shows that afferents do project to the motoneuron field of the segments IX and X. Some of the fibres not only reach the dorsally located motoneurons, but also cross the lateral motor column (LMC) and terminate in the marginal zone of ventral horn gray matter. The projections of the 9th and 10th dorsal root fibres are most numerous in the caudal part of segment X. Simultaneous HRP labeling of single motoneurons and the whole 10th dorsal root has revealed that afferent fibres make contacts not only on the distal dendrites of the motor cells, but also on the proximal ones. This latter finding is in a good agreement with the electrophysiological data.Dr. Shiriaev died September 11, 1984     

牛脊髓前角匀浆皮下注射损伤豚鼠脊髓运动神经元

目的探讨牛脊髓前角匀浆对豚鼠脊髓、前根及坐骨神经的影响。方法采用新鲜牛脊髓前角匀浆免疫豚鼠。观察脊髓、前根、坐骨神经光镜及超微结构的变化。结果豚鼠体重在第4次免疫后明显下降。脊髓前角运动神经元变性和丢失,有卫星、噬节及墓穴现象形成。电镜下最主要的表现是线粒体异常;其次神经元核周质内异常神经丝聚集,形成包涵体;轴突内异常神经丝聚集形成轴索球。前根及坐骨神经的变化,表现为轴索变性及继发的髓鞘改变。结论牛脊髓前角匀浆可以作为抗原引起豚鼠脊髓、前根及坐骨神经免疫所介导的损伤,为进一步研究运动神经元病的发病机制提供了可靠的方法。     

生长抑素样免疫反应物在山羊脊髓和背根节的分布─ABC法研究

用免疫细胞化学ＡＢＣ法研究了生长抑素样免疫反应物在山羊脊髓和背根节的分布。在整个脊髓背角，出现浓密的生长抑素样纤维和终末网，在板层Ⅱ和Ⅲ形成不规则的波形带。在带的深面，大量的生长抑素阳性小细胞（直径小于１５μｍ）形成细胞带，这些细胞呈卵圆形或梭形，大多是双极细胞。在背角最表层仅有稀疏的生长抑素阳性纤维。这种分布型式显著不同于以前报道的其它动物。在胸髓中间外侧核有为数不多的生长抑素阳性细胞，在脊髓的其它部位如中间带区和腹角有少量散在纤维和终末。还发现纤细的生长抑素阳性纤维和终末网出现于骶髓中央管的背外侧区域。此外，在所有背根节只见到极少数生长抑素阳性神经元；切断背根时，相应节段的脊髓背角的生长抑素样免疫反应物无明显变化。本研究结果表明，山羊脊髓背角的生长抑素主要来源于脊髓背角的固有神经元，而不是背根节细胞。出现于脊髓板层Ⅱ和Ⅲ的生长抑素阳性神经元可能属于岛细胞。本研究还提示，生长抑素可能在脊髓的感觉和内脏运动系统中起作用，还表明生长抑素免疫反应物的分布存在着种属差异。     

Selective uptake of [3H]glutamine and [3H]glutamate into neurons and satellite cells of dorsal root ganglia in vitro

The uptake of [³H]glutamate and [³H]glutamine into rat dorsal root ganglia has been examined by autoradiography and thin-layer chromatography. [³H]glutamate was selectively accumulated by satellite glial cells and after 10 min, 53% of this had been converted to [³H]glutamine. [³H]glutamine, on the other hand, entered neuronal perikarya and 40% was converted to [³H]glutamate. It is suggested that these selective uptake processes provide supporting evidence for the existence of a neuronal-glial glutamine cycle in dorsal root ganglia. Small dark (B) cells accumulated 6 times as much [³H]glutamine as did large light (A) cells. The reasons for this marked difference in the metabolism of the two main types of dorsal root ganglion neurone are discussed.     

Hairy cell leukemia: clinical features and therapeutic advances

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder which has been extensively studied over the past decade. Much has been learned regarding the diagnosis, natural history, biology, and treatment of this unique neoplasm. The disease most commonly affects middle aged men and characteristic clinical features include splenomegaly, cytopenias, and usually the presence in the peripheral blood of distinctive thairy cells with irregular cytoplasmic projections. Diagnosis can usually be confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. Although the natural history can be extremely variable among patients, complications are usually referable to the cytopenias, with anemia and infection being most frequent. In addition to pyogenic infections, patients are susceptible to unusual organisms including atypical mycobacterium, legionella, and fungi. The requirement of red blood cell transfusion, severe granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia, frequent infections, or painful splenomegaly are all indications for treatment. Splenectomy is the standard initial treatment of choice. However, in the past few years there have been exciting major advances in the therapeutic modalities for HCL. Recombinant alfa-interferon is highly effective, with beneficial responses occurring in close to 90% of patients. The Food and Drug Administration has recently approved the use the interferon for HCL. This represents the first time a biological response modifier has been approved for the treatment of human disease. In addition, preliminary results with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2 deoxycoformycin (def), have been encouraging. Further clinical trials are required in order to determine the optimal sequential treatment strategy for HCL. The exact mechanisms of action of both interferon and def in HCL remain to be elucidated. A better understanding of the unusual features of the hairy cell and the underlying biological effect of these two agents in HCL may have important applications in other hamatologic and non-hematologic malignancies.     

Lineage relationship of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia: studies with TPA

The tumor promoting agent TPA (phorbol ester; 1.6 X 10(-8)M) was used to induce the differentiation in vitro of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells from 14 untreated patients. The uninduced phenotype was SIg+, Mrbc+, RFT-1+, RFA-4-, FMC7-. After 72 h incubation with TPA, B-CLL cells became RFA-4+, FMC7+ and lost the capability of Mrbc rosetting. Large proportions of the "induced" cells also showed morphological and ultrastructural changes, such as undulating membranes and bleblike protusions and became strongly positive for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP+) and also contained cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. These features are very similar to the features of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). These observations confirm previous clinical findings that B-CLL and HCL are related disorders of the B lineage. The development of "hairy" features in induced B-CLL and in HCL seems to be a malignancy-associated feature because the Mrbc+ normal B cells (B-CLL-equivalent cells) isolated from tonsil also develop TRAP positivity but no membrane aberrations.     

生物陶瓷材料iRoot SP在不可复性牙髓炎根管填充后疼痛的临床研究

目的:评估iRoot SP在不可复性牙髓炎中根管填充后出现疼痛情况。方法:选取本院不可复性牙髓炎患者80例,按随机数字表分为两组,在常规根管治疗后,试验组及对照组分别采取iRoot SP及AH Plus进行填充,利用VAS评分对比两组患者不同时间点出现不同疼痛分级的患者比例、疼痛程度及因疼痛口服布洛芬比例。结果:术后12h试验组呈现无痛的患者比例较对照组明显更高(21vs10,P=0.012),术后24h试验组出现重度疼痛比例较对照组明显更低(0vs6,P=0.034)。与对照组相比,iRoot在不同时间段均能有效降低患者术后疼痛程度(P<0.001)。然而两组患者因疼痛口服止痛药比例无明显差异。结论:iRoot SP可以明显降低不可复性牙髓炎患者根管治疗后早期出现疼痛机率及疼痛严重程度。     

NGF在成年猫脊髓和背根节分布的免疫组化研究

目的：探讨神经生长因子在成年猫脊髓背角和背根节的表达和意义。方法：采用抗神经生长因子多克隆抗体免疫组织化学方法,对5只雄性家猫L6节段脊髓和背根节作石蜡切片的NGF免疫组织化学染色。结果：神经生长因子免疫阳性反应主要出现在脊髓背角I,Ⅱ、Ⅲ板层外侧部的神经元胞核和胞浆中,以胞核为主,而在背根节阳性反应的神经元却寥寥无几。结论：神经生长因子可能参与脊髓神经元正常功能的维持。     

中药对脊髓损伤大鼠背根神经节c-Jun表达的影响

应用荧光免疫组化法及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术 ,探索中药脊髓Ⅰ号促进大鼠损伤脊髓修复再生的机制。结果表明 ,服用脊髓I号后脊髓损伤侧背根节神经元的c Jun表达明显上调 ;脊髓损伤侧背根节神经元的细胞核呈完整形态的数量明显增多。提示脊髓Ⅰ号可能通过对c Jun基因表达的调节 ,激发损伤脊髓组织的修复再生