Gd-DOTA as a gastrointestinal contrast agent for gastric emptying measurements with MRI

Current MR meal markers may interfere with gastric motility and secretion restricting the use of MRI in the measurement of gastric physiology. We therefore evaluated Gd-DOTA as a liquid phase marker, in vitro by determining dissociation, and adherence to the solids, and in vivo by simultaneous MRI (0.35 T scanner, multiple T₁-weighted sections of the upper abdomen) and double indicator (perfusion marker PEG 4000, meal marker ^99mTc-DTPA) measurements of emptying and secretion, following ingestion of 500 ml 10% glucose. In vitro Gd-DOTA was stable at a pH > 2 with < 2% dissociation at 24 h during incubation with HCI. Dissociation during incubation with HCI was linearly dependent on H⁺ concentration (0.77 < pH < 2.02). Less Gd-DOTA was absorbed onto the solid phase than ^99mTc-DTPA (25% cf 36%). in vivo Gd-DOTA marked gastric contents provided strong positive contrast. Similar emptying curves were observed with both MRI and double-indicator techniques (r = 0.987, P < 0.001). Gd-DOTA has the potential to be a useful liquid phase contrast agent in MR studies on gastric function.     

聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性检测乳腺癌中P53基因突变

应用聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性方法，对２４例原发性乳腺癌肿瘤组织基因组ＤＮＡ进行了分析，结果表明：其中７例存在Ｐ５３基因的突变，突变频率约为３０％。同时对其中１０例进行Ｓｏｕｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析，有２例在ｃｈｒ１７Ｐ上存在等位基因的缺失，而其另一等位基因上均存在基因突变。     

泰索帝联合卡铂治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的分析用泰索帝（Docetaxel，Taxotere）联合卡铂经静脉给药治疗晚期乳腺癌的毒副反应及初步疗效。方法18例晚期乳腺癌（Ⅲ或Ⅳ期）患者采用泰索帝75mg／m^2联合卡铂100mg／m^2静脉推注化疗，观察每次化疗后的毒副反应，完成6个疗程者观察疗效。结果15例完成全部6个疗程化疗，完全缓解（CR）8例，占53％（8／15），部分缓解（PR）3例，占20％（3／15），总有效率73％（11／15）。无一例因药物毒副反应停止化疗。结论泰索帝联合卡铂治疗晚期乳腺癌有较好疗效，可以作为一线药物应用于临床。     

胃癌组织中KAI1、nm23及P53的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨正常胃黏膜、不典型增生胃黏膜及癌组织中KAI1、nm23及P53蛋白的表达．方法:应用SP法免疫组化检测22例正常胃黏膜,65例不典型增生胃黏膜及74N胃癌组织中的KAI1、nm23及P53蛋白的表达．结果:正常胃黏膜、不典型增生胃黏膜及胃癌组织中,KAI1和nm23阳性率呈降低趋势,组间差异性有统计学意义(x2=20．885, P<0．001;x2=29．133,P<0．05):P53蛋白阳性表达率呈增加趋势,组间差异性有统计学意义(x2=21．954,P<0．001)．Fisher精确概率检验显示:在胃癌组中不同的浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移和脉管侵犯组内KAI1、nm23及 P53组阳性表达率的差异性有统计学意义(x2 =20．885,P<0．001;x2=29．133,P<0．05;x2= 21．954,P<0．001);而在年龄、性别组间的差异性无统计学意义．Spearman等级相关分析显示 KAI1与nm23表达呈正相关(r=0．859,P<0．05); KAI1与P53表达呈负相关(r=-0．859,P<0．05), nm23与P53表达呈负相关(r=-0．874,P<0．05) 结论:抑癌基因KAI1与nm23的缺失以及P53 蛋白的过表达可能是胃癌发生、发展及浸润和转移的重要原因之一．     

1679例乳腺癌内乳淋巴结转移的高危因素分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌内乳淋巴结转移的高危因素。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科1956-2003年开展的l679例乳腺癌扩大根治术临床资料，选取病人年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置、腋窝淋巴结转移状况共4个乳腺癌内乳淋巴结转移可能相关的因素，分析不同情况下内乳淋巴结转移的高危因素。结果在选取的4个因素中，肿瘤大小不是影响内乳淋巴结转移的独立因素。腋窝淋巴结状况为内乳淋巴结转移的重要影响因素。不同情况下，肿瘤位置和年龄对内乳淋巴结转移的影响也不同。腋窝淋巴结阴性病人的内乳淋巴结转移率为4．4％，腋窝淋巴结1-3个阳性为18．8％，腋窝淋巴结4-6个阳性为28．1％，腋窝淋巴结≥7个为41．5％。结论有4个或以上腋窝淋巴结转移、内侧肿瘤合并腋窝淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径〉5．0cm的年轻病人是内乳淋巴结转移率的高危病人。     

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and bilateral ureteric ligation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a patient on hemodialysis

Laparoscopic cystectomy and bilateral ureteric ligation were performed on a 52-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (HD) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Her volume of urine production was approximately 100 mL/day. Excisions of the bladder and uterus with ligation of the bilateral ureter were conducted completely laparoscopically. Total operative time was 280 min and the amount of blood loss was 60 mL. No complications were seen perioperatively and no adverse events regarding ureteric ligation arose. HD was performed on the second postoperative day. At a 12-month follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of disease.     

小细胞肺癌的二线化疗及研究进展

 小细胞肺癌（SCLC）恶性度较高，早期即可发生血行转移，但对放化疗敏感，故SCLC治疗应以全身化疗为主，联合放疗和手术为主要治疗手段。尽管SCLC化疗的有效率较高，但对于广泛期SCLC患者，从化疗耐药开始至患者死亡的中位时间仍不满意。对于局限期 SCLC患者在诱导放化疗后仍有75 % ~ 80 %出现复发，故二线治疗是治疗SCLC的重点。     

青年性乳腺癌CR钼靶影像与病理对照研究

目的探讨钼靶CR摄影在青年性乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析50例35岁以下经病理证实的青年乳腺癌的X线表现。结果浸润性小叶癌26例,浸润性导管癌24例。肿块影13例,单纯钙化7例,结构扭曲5例,片状阴影16例,片状阴影伴钙化4例,肿块伴钙化5例,晕环征6例。结论钼靶CR摄影仍然是青年性乳腺癌最佳和首选的检查方法。     

人三叶因子2治疗大鼠胃溃疡的效果评价

目的探讨人三叶因子2（hTFF2）治疗大鼠胃溃疡的疗效。方法将48只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组，冰乙酸法制作慢性胃溃疡模型。造模时Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组于胃黏膜下分别注射pcDNA3．1-hTFF2（人三叶因子2插入pcDNA3．1载体；pcDNA3．1为真核表达载体，有进入胃黏膜下细胞的特性）西米替丁及pcDNA3．1。造模后7、14d各组分别处死8只大鼠，测定溃疡面积、胃液总酸度及黏液糖蛋白水平。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ组较Ⅲ组溃疡面积明显缩小，Ⅱ组较Ⅰ、Ⅲ组胃总酸度明显降低，Ⅰ组较Ⅱ、Ⅲ组黏液糖蛋白量明显增加，P均〈0．001。结论pcDNA3．1-hTFF2单次局部注射可通过增加黏液糖蛋白的分泌促进大鼠胃溃疡愈合。     

Oxygenated and reoxygenated tumors show better local control in radiation therapy for cervical cancer

The presence of hypoxic cells is one of the major factors affecting resistance against radiation therapy. In the clinical setting, little information exists as to the relationship between intratumoral oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)) and outcome. This study involved 30 consecutive patients with cervical cancer, who were treated with a combination of external and high-dose rate intracavitary irradiation. The pO(2) was measured before radiation therapy and at 9 Gy, using a needle-type polarographic oxygen electrode. The mean intratumoral pO(2) before radiation therapy was 17.3 +/- 10.8 mm Hg. The 3-year local control rates of patients with pO(2)< or = 20 mm Hg and pO(2) > 20 mm Hg before radiation therapy were 52% and 100%, respectively, representing a significant difference (P= 0.035). At 9 Gy, mean intratumoral pO(2) was 23.6 +/- 9.1 mm Hg, a significant increase compared to the value before radiation therapy (P= 0.006). The 3-year local control rates of tumors with pO(2)< or = 20 mm Hg and pO(2) > 20 mm Hg at 9 Gy were 35% and 93%, respectively, representing a significant difference (P= 0.001). The significantly better local control for oxygenated tumors at 9 Gy as well as before radiation therapy indicated that the oxygen effect and reoxygenation by radiation played an important role in local control in radiation therapy for cervical cancer.