医学实验教学中心实验耗材库存管理工作的实践与探讨

为了对实验耗材的库存管理工作进行探讨,从建立全新的耗材采购体系,推行零存货管理;合理处置库存积压材料;实现库存管理的标准化、数字化、微机化、信息化;易制毒化学品和毒麻品的库存管理等方面论述了如何加强对实验耗材库存的管理,以减少库存资金的占用,使实验耗材经费发挥最大效益。     

Animal Reservoir Hosts and Fish-borne Zoonotic Trematode Infections on Fish Farms, Vietnam

Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) pose a risk to human food safety and health and may cause substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. In Nghe An Province, Vietnam, low prevalence of FZT for fish farmers but high prevalence for fish indicate that reservoir hosts other than humans may play a role in sustaining transmission. To determine whether domestic animals may be reservoir hosts, we assessed prevalence and species composition of FZT infections in dogs, cats, and pigs in a fish-farming community in Vietnam. Feces from 35 cats, 80 dogs, and 114 pigs contained small trematode eggs at 48.6%, 35.0%, and 14.4%, respectively; 7 species of adult FZT were recovered from these hosts. These results, combined with data from previous investigations in this community, imply that domestic animals serve as reservoir hosts for FZT and therefore must be included in any control programs to prevent FZT infection in humans.     

实验性糖尿病大鼠肺组织晚期糖基化终末产物、肺表面活性物质蛋白质A免疫组织化学分析

Objective To approach the changes of advanced glycosylated end products (AGEs),surfactant proteins A (SP-A) in the lung of experimental diabetic rats and their relationship. Methods 48 male SD rats were divided into diabetes mellitus (DM) group and control group, each group with 24 rats.The DM rat model was made by injecting streptozocin (60mg/kg) into caudal vein. The rats were killed and the lung was individually taken out at the end of 4, 12 and 20 weeks after the models were established. The changes of AGEs, SP-A in rats lung were observed with immunohistochemical assay and the images were analyzed( black is minimum of gray, white is maximum of gray ). Results We observed a great quantity of AGEs positive cells in the alveolar epithelial cells, bronchial mucosal epithelium, angio-endothelial cell and smooth muscle cells of the DM rats. The average gray (AG) was inferior to that of the controls(4weeks 93.92 ± 7.92 vs 104. 75 ± 8. 20; 12 weeks 76. 25 ± 6. 76 vs 93.50 ± 7.56; 20 weeks 47.63 ± 7.96 vs 142. 38 ± 19. 76; P ＜0. 05) and decreased with the DM course. In the 4 weeks DM rats, there were a few SP-A positive cells in the type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, Clara cells and alveolar macrophage cells. In the 12 and 20 weeks DM rats, there were a great many CTGF and TGF-β1 positive cells. The AG was inferior to that of the controls( 12 weeks 75.63 ± 6. 70 vs 110. 50 ± 13.20;20 weeks 47.38 ± 4. 84 vs 97. 25 ± 9. 87; P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion With the progress of diabetes, DM rats' pulmonary alveolar type Ⅱ cells injury appeared, that might be related with the deposition of AGEs.     

增食灵颗粒对小儿厌食症动物模型瘦素的影响

目的探讨增食灵颗粒对小儿厌食症模型小鼠血清瘦素（Leptin）的影响。方法采用病因模拟法建立小儿厌食症动物模型,分别对模型小鼠血清瘦素含量进行检测。结果增食灵颗粒可以明显增加厌食症小鼠的食欲,提高血清瘦素含量,与空白对照组和模型对照组比较,差异均有统计意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论增食灵颗粒可明显增加厌食症小鼠的食欲,提高血清瘦素水平,这可能是增食灵颗粒发挥临床疗效的作用机制之一。     

以培养学生创新能力为宗旨的实验教学体系的构建与实践

目的构建培养学生创新能力的环境卫生学实验课教学体系。方法更新实验教学的思路,改革实验课教学方法,更新实验内容,开设综合性设计性、验证性、创新性、演示性实验。结果构建了一套新的环境卫生学实验课教学及考核体系。结论新的实验课教学模式使学生的综合素质、创新精神与实践能力有了较大的提高。     

The preliminary effect of a parenting program for Korean American mothers: a randomized controlled experimental study

BACKGROUND: Traditional Korean American discipline is characterized by a lack of expression of affection and use of harsh discipline. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to pilot test the effect of the Incredible Years Parenting Program among Korean American mothers. METHODS: A randomized controlled experimental study design was used; 29 first-generation Korean American mothers of young children (3-8 years old) were randomly assigned to intervention (n=20) and control (n=9) groups. Intervention group mothers received a 12-week parenting program. Control group mothers did not receive the intervention. Mothers reported on discipline styles (positive, appropriate, and harsh), level of acculturation, and their child's outcomes (behavioral problems and social competence) at pre-, post-, and 1-year follow-up intervals. RESULTS: After completing the program, intervention group mothers significantly increased use of positive discipline as compared to control group mothers. Among intervention group mothers, high-acculturated mothers significantly increased appropriate discipline whereas low-acculturated mothers significantly decreased harsh discipline. In the 1-year follow-up, intervention group mothers maintained the significant effect for positive discipline. CONCLUSIONS: Providing this program appears to be a promising way of promoting positive discipline among Korean American mothers.     

如何表达与描述定量资料（四）

在医学论文中,如何正确表达与描述定量资料,对于正确选择统计学中的假设检验方法至关重要。当试验涉及两个、三个或多个因素,且这些因素之间依据专业知识和重复试验次数多少认为可以考察其各种关系时,该定量资料就属于可以考察因素之间交互作用的定量资料。根据试验设计类型和专业知识,运用恰当的方法表达和描述可以考察因素之间交互作用的多因素设计（常见的是多因素析因设计和含区组因素析因设计）的定量资料,对科学评价全部因素对观测结果的影响情况有着十分重要的意义。     

慢性肾功能衰竭动物模型制作的研究

目的制备慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)动物模型,模拟CRF的自然发病,为研究其发病机制,早期治疗研究提供实验依据。方法15只健康兔通过耳缘静脉注射自制阳离子化牛血清白蛋白(C-BSA),持续8周,分别于注射C-BSA前,注射后2、4、6、8周检测血生化指标,并于各时间点随机处死1只动物,观察肾脏病理。结果模型动物在注射后2周肾脏体积增大,血生化指标在注射后6周明显升高,8周时肾脏光镜和电镜均表现为典型的CRF病理变化。结论成功建立了稳定的,可重复性强的CRF动物模型。     

浒苔绿藻精抗实验性肝癌作用及其机理研究

目的探讨浒苔绿藻精抗实验性肝癌作用及其机理,为开发利用浒苔资源提供依据。方法通过接种肿瘤细胞（H22）建立小鼠实验性肝癌模型,给予不同剂量浒苔绿藻精进行干预,测定抑瘤率、脾脏指数和细胞因子白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）以判断抑癌作用及作用机理。结果低、中、高剂量浒苔绿藻精均可抑制肿瘤生长（P〈0．01）,抑瘤率分别为13．9％、30．3％和27．3％;各剂量浒苔绿藻精均可显著提高小鼠的脾脏指数（P〈0．01）;高剂量浒苔绿藻精可显著提高IL-2水平（P〈0．01）;低、中、高剂量浒苔绿藻精均可显著降低TGF-β和VEGF水平（P〈0．01）。结论浒苔绿藻精对实验性肝癌模型小鼠的肿瘤生长具有抑制作用,其抑制机理可能与其影响机体IL-2、TGF-β和VEGF的水平有关。