消乳散结胶囊联合他莫昔芬治疗乳腺增生症的疗效观察

目的 研究瑞香狼毒Stellera chamaejasme花中黄酮和木脂素类化学成分及其抗氧化活性,分析构效关系。方法 利用大孔吸附树脂、正反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等色谱分离材料,通过柱色谱和高效液相色谱等分离方法进行分离纯化,运用核磁共振（NMR）、质谱（MS）等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构,并采用FRAP法、DPPH法和ABTS法对分离得到的化合物进行体外抗氧化活性测试。结果 从瑞香狼毒花甲醇提取物中分离鉴定了12个化合物,分别鉴定为艾黄素（1）、槲皮素（2）、isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside（3）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）、紫云英苷（5）、hypolaetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside（6）、kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→2）-O-α-L-xylopyranoside（7）、rel-（3R,3''S,4R,4''S）-3,3'',4,4''-tetrahydro-6,6''-dimethoxy[3,3''-bi-2H-benzopyran]-4,4''-diol（8）、马台树脂醇（9）、乌拉尔醇（10）、环黄芪醇（11）、松脂醇（12）。抗氧化活性实验表明,黄酮和木脂素类化合物均显示了较强的抗氧化活性。结论 化合物1、3、5～7和10为首次从该植物中分离得到;化合物2、4、5和10表现出显著的抗氧化活性,其中黄酮类化合物C-3或C-8位连有糖链会降低其抗氧化活性。     

Metabolic transitions at menopause: In post-menopausal women the increase in serum uric acid correlates with abdominal adiposity as assessed by DXA

Objectives

The present study aimed to investigate any associations between parameters of body fat mass distribution and levels of serum uric acid (sUA), a well-documented cardiovascular risk factor, among non-obese women ranging from pre- to post-menopausal status.

Methods

In this cross-sectional population-based study we assessed body fat distribution by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and sUA levels in 101 pre- and 134 post-menopausal non-obese apparently healthy women.

Results

Multivariate stepwise regression analysis revealed that sUA was independently associated to the indicators of overall fatness, i.e. body mass index (β = 0.339, p < 0.001) and DXA-assessed total and percentage body fat (β = 0.366, p < 0.001 and β = 0.412, p < 0.001, respectively), only among post-menopausal women. Within this sample subset, trunk (i.e. central) fat mass emerged as a strong predictor of sUA (β = 0.408, p < 0.001), after taking the potential confounders (including body mass index) into account.

Conclusion

Central fat accumulation was found to be independently associated with higher sUA levels among non-obese women in post- but not among those in pre-menopause.     

Dissociation of uterine eosinophilia and water imbibition from other estrogen-induced responses by nafoxidine pretreatment

We investigated the effect of pretreatment of immature rats with 5 or 50 micrograms nafoxidine (UA), or with 0.05 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on several uterine responses elicited by treatment with a test injection of 15 micrograms E2, administered 48 h after pretreatment. Early (6 h) and late (24 h) responses were measured, including wet weight, RNA, protein and glycogen content and number of blood eosinophils per uterus. The results showed that, like a 24 h pretreatment with 5 micrograms UA, a 48 h pretreatment with either of the UA doses dissociated the early wet weight response from the late responses to E2 treatment, only the former being restored. In the case of E2 pretreatment, both types of response to E2 treatment were reinstalled. By contrast, uterine eosinophilia, induced 6 and 24 h after E2 treatment, was not only restored but even markedly amplified following any of the 3 pretreatments. This was obtained without amplification of the early wet weight response and with various levels of the other parameters at the time of administration of the test E2 injection (i.e. due to the pretreatment alone). From this it may be concluded that if the previously documented correlation between estrogen-induced eosinophilia and edema actually reflects the existence of a causal link between the 2 responses, as postulated by Tchernitchin in 1972, this would be with eosinophils controlling edema, rather than the reverse. Testable working hypotheses for the mechanism of amplification of the eosinophil response are proposed.     

雌二醇及中波紫外线在豚鼠皮肤色素沉着形成中的作用及其机制

目的：研究雌二醇和中波紫外线( UVB)辐射对豚鼠背部棕色皮肤中黑素代谢的影响,探讨雌激素及UVB在皮肤色素沉着中的作用。方法选取健康花色豚鼠,设立溶媒对照组、UVB照射组、雌二醇处理组和雌二醇预处理后UVB照射组(雌二醇+UVB组);雌二醇浓度设为3．67×10-5、3．67×10-4、3．67×10-3 mol/L;UVB 照射剂量统一为500 mJ/cm2。采用皮肤在体共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(简称皮肤CT)以及透射电子显微镜等观察雌二醇和UVB对黑素小体合成及降解的影响。结果①一定浓度雌二醇可加深豚鼠皮肤色素沉着,且随着雌二醇浓度的递增,沉着程度逐渐加深(P<0．05)。② UVB照射组豚鼠皮肤色素沉着较未照射组明显增加(P<0．05)。③ UVB照射后豚鼠表皮角质形成细胞中自噬体增加,而雌二醇处理后自噬体减少。结论雌二醇及UVB照射均可促进豚鼠皮肤色素沉着,其机制可能与促进黑素小体合成有关,黑素小体的降解异常也参与了豚鼠皮肤色素沉着的形成。     

骨松汤对去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松影响的实验研究

目的:建立去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松模型,观察骨松汤对去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松骨代谢指标及骨密度的影响,并探讨骨松汤对去卵巢骨质疏松影响的机制。方法:将40只雌性小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、骨松汤组、钙尔奇组,每组各10只。除空白组外,其余各组经双侧卵巢切除术建立骨质疏松小鼠模型。骨松汤组在造模后灌胃骨松汤水煎剂每天早晚各3 m L(1.72 g/10 g),钙尔奇组给予钙尔奇灌胃每天早晚各3 m L(0.42 g/10 g)、空白组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水,共12 w。12 w后测各组定小鼠血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、骨钙素(BGP)和雌二醇(E2)及骨密度。结果:1.血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、骨钙素(BGP)和血清雌二醇(E2):骨松汤组治疗前后比较血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、骨钙素(BGP)明显降低,雌二醇(E2)明显升高,P0.05,差异显著,有统计学意义。钙尔奇组治疗前后比较的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、骨钙素(BGP)明显降低,雌二醇(E2)明显升高,P0.05,差异显著,有统计学意义。治疗后骨松汤组和钙尔奇组2组比较,血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、骨钙素(BGP)明显降低,雌二醇(E2)明显升高,P0.05,差异显著,有统计学意义。骨松汤可以升高去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松的血清雌二醇(E2),降低血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、骨钙素(BGP),改善去卵巢骨质疏松小鼠骨密度。2.骨密度:治疗后骨松汤组和钙尔奇组的骨密度与空白组接近,与模型组相比差异显著,有统计学意义。2组组间比较差异显著,P0.05。结论:骨松汤可以改善去卵巢小鼠骨密度,其机制与其减缓雌激素水平有关。     

雌二醇下调铁对成骨细胞活性的抑制作用

目的了解雌二醇与铁对小鼠原代成骨细胞活性的影响及活性氧(ROS)的作用。方法提取新生小鼠颅骨原代成骨细胞,经差速贴壁法纯化后传代,选取3~4代进行实验,随机分为对照组,枸橼酸铁铵(FAC)组和FAC+17β-雌二醇(FAC+E2)组,分别用2.5μmol/L FAC和10 nmol/L E2干预7 d后收集细胞,用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖情况;用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性试剂盒检测各组细胞碱性磷酸酶活性;荧光定量PCR(Q-PCR)检测成骨相关基因(Runx2、osterix、Bglap、IBSP)表达;荧光酶标仪检测各组ROS水平并在荧光显微镜下观察。结果细胞活性氧水平检测结果显示,FAC组活性氧水平明显高于其余各组,FAC+E2组与FAC组相比ROS水平降低(P0.05);FAC干预后细胞增殖能力及ALP活性明显下降(P0.05),FAC+E2组细胞增殖能力较FAC组上升(P0.05),ALP活性上升,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Q-PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,FAC组Runx2、osteorix表达水平明显下降(P0.05),FAC+E2组与FAC组相比,各基因表达水平均显著升高(均P0.05)。结论 FAC可能通过升高ROS水平抑制成骨细胞生物活性;雌二醇可能通过清除FAC诱导生成的ROS下调该抑制作用。     

培坤丸联合左炔诺孕酮治疗围绝经期功能失调性子宫出血的疗效观察

目的探讨培坤丸联合左炔诺孕酮治疗功能失调性子宫出血患者的安全性与有效性。方法选取2013年2月—2018年2月在自贡市妇幼保健院诊治的功能失调性子宫出血患者78例,根据用药差别分成对照组(39例)和治疗组(39例)。对照组患者口服左炔诺孕酮片,2片/次,2次/d,待阴道停止流血3 d后,药量改为1次/d,1片/次,维持治疗14 d,1个月经周期为1个疗程。治疗组患者在对照组基础上口服培坤丸,9g/次,2次/d。两组患者均连续治疗3个疗程。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者血红蛋白水平、经期天数、WHOQOL-BREF评分及性激素水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为76.92%和94.87%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血红蛋白水平和WHOQOL-BREF评分均显著升高(P0.05),经期天数均显著减少(P0.05),且治疗组上述指标明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者雌二醇、卵泡刺激素和促黄体生成素均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组雌二醇、卵泡刺激素和促黄体生成素水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论培坤丸联合左炔诺孕酮治疗功能失调性子宫出血疗效显著,不良反应少,且能够显著提升排卵率,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

补肾活血汤对去卵巢大鼠血管舒缩功能及血清E_2的影响

目的:观察补肾活血汤(bushen huoxue decoction,BHD)对去卵巢大鼠血清雌二醇(estradiol,E2)和血管舒缩功能的影响。方法:56只成年雌性SD大鼠随机分为7组:空白组、假手术组、模型组、去卵巢+BHD高、中、低剂量组及去卵巢+替勃龙组(替勃龙组),每组8只。采用免疫法测定实验大鼠血清E2、促黄体激素(luteinizing hormone,LH)和促卵泡激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)的含量。观察补肾活血汤对给予去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline,NE)和乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,Ach)后的离体大鼠腹主动脉血管环产生舒缩的活性的影响,经HE染色后,用光镜观察腹主动脉结构的变化。结果:与模型组相比,BHD各剂量组可显著升高模型大鼠血清E2的水平(P0.05),显著降低LH和FSH的水平(P0.05),使模型大鼠腹主动脉对缩血管物质的反应降低,加NE后模型组血管张力增加显著(P0.05),血管顺应性较好,舒缩功能得到改善,BHD高剂量组优于BHD中、低剂量组。血管中平滑肌细胞较模型组清晰,组织结构排列整齐、紧密,与替勃龙组无显著差异。结论:BHD可使腹主动脉对缩血管物质NE的反应减轻,血管顺应性增强,血管舒缩功能得到改善,血管结构的破坏程度减轻,其机制可能与增加的E2含量有关。