氟非尼酮凝胶的研制及其体外透皮转运

采用HPLC法测定了25℃、100 r/min条件下平衡48 h时氟非尼酮在水性溶剂和非水溶剂中的溶解度。结果表明,氟非尼酮在水及其他水性溶剂中微溶,溶解度约为2.5 mg/ml,溶剂的pH值对溶解度影响小;氟非尼酮易溶于乙醇,可溶于聚乙二醇400、1,2-丙二醇和异丙醇,微溶于甘油。摇瓶法测得氟非尼酮的油水分配系数(logP)值为1.182,略有亲脂性。以乳猪皮肤为模型,采用改良的Franz扩散池法评价不同载药量(0.5%和1%)凝胶及溶液的经皮渗透特性。结果表明,2种载药量的氟非尼酮凝胶的经皮渗透行为均符合零级模型,1%凝胶的24 h单位面积累积渗透量(Q24h)和单位面积皮肤滞留量(Qskin)均比0.5%凝胶增加约1倍;同时,0.5%溶液的Q24h和Qskin结果介于2种载药量凝胶之间。     

双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者临床疗效研究*

目的 探讨应用双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者的疗效。方法 2016年9月～2017年10月本院感染病科收治的60例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者被随机分为对照组30例和观察组30例,在综合治疗的基础上分别接受血浆置换和双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗,观察12周。结果 在治疗12周末,观察组凝血酶原时间活动度为(75.3±2.8)%,血清白蛋白水平为(37.0±3.0)g/L和血清总胆红素为(180.2±93.0)μmol/L,与对照组【分别为(60.2±2.1)%、(33.6±2.5)g/L和(232.0±98.3)μmol/L,P＜0.05]比,差异显著;观察组外周血血红蛋白和血小板计数分别为(103.2±22.1)g/L和(80.2±5.9)×10⁹/L,血钾、钠和氯分别为(3.7±0.8)mmol/L、(137.1±5.0)mmol/L和(99.0±7.2)mmol/L,血肌酐水平为(73.2±14.8)μmol/L,与对照组比,无显著差异【分别为(102.6±15.3)g/L、(75.5±6.0)×10⁹/L、(3.7±0.5)mmol/L、(137.5±8.0)mmol/L、(99.1±5.7)mmol/L和(73.5±15.5)μmol/L,P＜0.05】;在治疗12周末,观察组病死率为16.7%,显著低于对照组的33.3%(P＜0.05)。结论 使用双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者能够降低近期病死率,其远期效果值得观察。     

Fabrication and Adsorption Optimization of Novel Magnetic Core-shell Chitosan/Graphene Oxide/β-cyclodextrin Composite Materials for Bisphenols in Aqueous Solutions

A novel magnetic composite material, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/chitosan/graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrin (MCGC), was prepared by multi-step methods. Various methods were used to systematically characterize the morphology, composition, structure, and magnetic properties of MCGC. The results obtained show that the composite material has good morphology and crystal structure and can be separated quickly by an external magnetic field. The operation is relatively easy, and the raw materials used to prepare this material are economical, easy to obtain, and environmentally friendly. The performance and adsorption mechanism for using this material as an adsorbent to remove bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF) from water were studied. The adsorption parameters were optimized. Under optimal conditions, MCGC was found to remove more than 90% of BPA and BPF in a mixed solution (20 mg/L, 50 mL); the adsorption process for BPA and BPF on MCGC was found to follow a Redlich–Peterson isotherm model and Pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption mechanism for MCGC may involve a combination of various forces. Recycling experiments showed that after five uses, MCGC retained a more than 80% removal effect for BPA and BPF, and through real sample verification, MCGC can be used for wastewater treatment. Therefore, MCGC is economical, environmentally friendly, and easy to separate and collect, and has suitable stability and broad application prospects.     

The Effects of Oxygen Functional Groups on Graphene Oxide on the Efficient Adsorption of Radioactive Iodine

Oxygen-containing functional groups tend to induce a strong interaction between solid adsorbents and iodine molecules, yet have not been systematically investigated. Herein, on the basis of a series of nitric acid-treated graphene oxide (GO) with different contents of oxygen functional groups for iodine adsorption, it was found that the iodine uptake capacity is proportionate to the oxygen content and the diversities of oxygen-containing groups. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation results also suggest that oxygen-containing groups result in strong interactions between iodine molecules and the adsorbents through a covalent bond-forming process, among which -OH groups possess a higher adsorption energy averagely. Such theoretical and experimental work deepens our understanding of the effects of oxygen functional groups on iodine adsorption and provides novel ideas for future design and synthesis of high-performance solid adsorbents for radioactive iodine.     

Efficacy and safety of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis for ulcerative colitis: A meta-analysis

BackgroundSafe and effective treatments are required for patients with ulcerative colitis. It was suggested that granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis might play an important role for ulcerative colitis. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed.MethodsMedline and the Cochrane controlled trials register were used to identify randomized controlled trials comparing granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis with corticosteroids, and comparing intensive with conventional apheresis in patients with ulcerative colitis.ResultsNine randomized trials were eligible for inclusion criteria. According to pooled data, granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis is effective for inducing clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis compared with corticosteroids (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.38–3.60). However, the efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis was not dependent on the number of apheresis sessions. The intensive apheresis (≥2 sessions per week) is more effective for inducing clinical remission than weekly apheresis (odds ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–3.93). The rate of adverse events by apheresis was significantly lower than that by corticosteroids (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval: 0.15–0.37).ConclusionOur meta-analysis reveals that intensive granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis is a safe and effective treatment with higher rates of clinical remission and response for ulcerative colitis compared with corticosteroids.     

Surface glycosylation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) membrane for selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein

A novel method of constructing a glycosylated surface on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] membrane surface for the selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was developed, which involved the photoinduced graft polymerization of acrylic acid followed by the chemical binding of carboxyl groups with glucosamine in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxy-succinimide. The chemical structures of the fabricated membranes were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Zeta potential and water contact angle measurements were performed to investigate the surface charge and wettability of the membranes, respectively. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the LDL adsorption on the plain and modified membrane surfaces. It was found that the surface glycosylation of P(3HB-co-4HB) membrane greatly enhanced the affinity interactions with LDL and the absorbed LDL could be easily desorbed with eluents, indicating a specific and reversible binding of LDL to the surface. Furthermore, the hemocompatibility of glycosylated membrane was improved as examined by platelet adhesion. The results suggest that the glycosylated P(3HB-co-4HB) membrane is promising for application in LDL apheresis therapy.     

Fast and Green Synthesis of a Smart Glyco‐surface via Aqueous Single Electron Transfer‐Living Radical Polymerization

Facile synthesis of a silicon surface modified by poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N‐acryloyl glucosamine) [poly(NIPAAm‐co‐AGA)] brushes prepared by surface‐initiated single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) in water is described. The copolymerization exhibits a fast polymerization rate and good controllability. Moreover, copolymers with variable AGA content and comparable thickness are synthesized and the effect of the AGA content on the wettability and thermoresponsive property of the surface are studied. Also, both the non‐specific protein resistance ability and the specific protein adsorption ability of the Si‐poly(NIPAAm‐co‐AGA) surface are investigated and the results indicate that the copolymer‐grafted surface demonstrates enhanced resistance to non‐specific protein adsorption and shows selective recognition of Concanavalin A (Con A). Together, these results prove that aqueous SET‐LRP is promising for facile surface modification.

     

The Interaction Between Amphiphilic Polymer Materials and Guest Molecules: Selective Adsorption and Its Related Applications

The interaction between amphiphilic polymer materials and molecules such as drugs, proteins, and DNA plays one of the key roles for the applications in separation, delivery of drugs, biosensors, and tissue engineering. Thus, the fundamental investigation of this interaction is necessary before some polymer materials can be designed for practical applications. Here, various factors are discussed to determine the interactions between amphiphilic polymer materials and guest molecules. Based on this fundamental understanding, a series of amphiphilic polymer materials with selective adsorption to guest molecules has been developed and widely used for applications in smart separation, temporally controlled release, and patterning of guest molecules, such as dyes, drugs, and proteins.

     

Preparation,Surface and Pore Structure of High Surface Area Activated Carbon Fibers from Bamboo by Steam Activation

High surface area activated carbon fibers (ACF) have been prepared from bamboo by steam activation after liquefaction and curing. The influences of activation temperature on the microstructure, surface area and porosity were investigated. The results showed that ACF from bamboo at 850 °C have the maximum iodine and methylene blue adsorption values. Aside from the graphitic carbon, phenolic and carbonyl groups were the predominant functions on the surface of activated carbon fiber from bamboo. The prepared ACF from bamboo were found to be mainly type I of isotherm, but the mesoporosity presented an increasing trend after 700 °C. The surface area and micropore volume of samples, which were determined by application of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and t-plot methods, were as high as 2024 m²/g and 0.569 cm³/g, respectively. It was also found that the higher activation temperature produced the more ordered microcrystalline structure of ACF from bamboo.