慢性阻塞性肺部疾病大鼠支气管成纤维细胞体外培养条件下结缔组织生长因子水平检测及意义

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)大鼠和正常大鼠支气管成纤维细胞体外培养下结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的蛋白活性、转录水平以及胶原合成水平。方法:以正常大鼠(对照组)和COPD模型大鼠(实验组)为细胞来源,组织块法进行成支气管成纤维细胞原代培养,应用第5代细胞为研究对象。比色法进行培养液羟脯氨酸含量检测,免疫组织化学染色技术、RT-PCR、免疫印迹方法进行CTGF定位检测、蛋白活性及转录水平观察。结果:实验组羟脯氨酸含量显著高于对照组。对照组大鼠支气管成纤维细胞有一定水平的CTGF表达,实验组成纤维细胞CTGF阳性表达增强,免疫印记及RT-PCR结果显示CTGF蛋白活性增强、转录水平升高。结论:CTGF在成纤维细胞中的高表达是大鼠COPD发生发展的重要环节。     

卒中高危人群糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系研究

目的 分析卒中高危人群糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系。
方法 2018年5-6月由孝感市中心医院按整群随机抽样方法，随机抽取孝感市城乡各1个社区居民
进行筛查，通过问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检查、颈部血管超声检查筛选卒中高危人群纳入研究。
根据颈动脉超声检测结果将卒中高危人群分为非斑块组和斑块组（颈动脉）。分别采用单因素和多
因素Logistic回归，分析糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉斑块的关系，并根据年龄（60岁）、BM（I 24 kg/m2）、是
否有高血压对研究人群进行分层分析，研究不同特征的卒中高危人群中糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉斑块
的关系。
结果 最终纳入卒中高危人群629例，男性338例（53.74%），平均54.85±8.97岁，糖化血红蛋白平
均浓度为4.70%±1.02%。其中斑块组患者215例（34.18%），非斑块组患者414例（65.82%）。与非斑
块组患者相比，斑块组患者男性、卒中、TIA、高血压、超重患者比例更高，年龄更大，BMI、血压、空
腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TC水平更高（均P＜0.01）。校正其他危险因素后，糖化血红蛋白是颈动脉
粥样硬化斑块发生的独立影响因素（每升高1%，OR 1.16，95%CI 1.01～1.31，P =0.018）。分层分析显
示，年龄≥60岁（OR 1.48，95%CI 1.09～2.01，P =0.016）、BMI≥24 kg/m2（OR 1.97，95%CI 1.07～3.64，
P =0.030）、高血压人群（OR 1.31，95%CI 1.06～1.62，P =0.013）中糖化血红蛋白均是颈动脉斑块发生
的独立危险因素。
结论 卒中高危人群糖化血红蛋白与颈动脉斑块的发生密切相关，特别是在年龄≥6 0岁、
BMI≥24 kg/m2和高血压人群中。     

Digital computer analysis of dermatoscopical images of 260 melanocytic skin lesions; perimeter/area ratio for the differentiation between malignant melanomas and melanocytic nevi

BACKGROUND: Digital computer analysis of dermatoscopical images has been reported to facilitate the differential diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions in recent years. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to perform digital computer analysis of a set of different melanocytic lesions and compare the objective results. METHODS: The set of 260 melanocytic lesions (150 excised difficult cases (46 melanomas, 47 atypical nevi, 57 common nevi and 110 unexcised common nevi) was automatically analysed by the digital dermatoscopical system microDERM. We searched for differences in asymmetry, size, compactness and colour distribution. Perimeter/area ratio was calculated. RESULTS: The perimeter/area ratio was detected as the most important criterion for differentiation between malignant and benign melanocytic lesions (sensitivity 91.3% and specificity 90.7% for malignant melanomas vs. all benign nevi; sensitivity 91.3% and specificity 80.8% for melanomas vs. clinically atypical nevi). Differences in size of the lesion, shape and asymmetry of colour were found and statistically verified. Using step-wise logistic regression the formula for calculation of probability of malignant nature of every analysed lesion was constructed. CONCLUSION: The perimeter/area ratio is a simple parameter for the differential diagnosis of melanocytic skin lesions.     

神经干细胞-脑源性神经营养因子基因工程细胞移植对大鼠缺血性脑损伤的治疗作用

目的 将脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因转入大鼠海马原代培养的神经干细胞(NSCs)中,获得NSCs-BDNF基因工程干细胞并移植治疗大鼠缺血性脑损伤.方法 分离培养新生大鼠海马区NSCs,检测其增殖、分化等特性;构建逆转录病毒载体pLXSN-BDNF,转染NSCs,获得NSCs-BDNF基因工程干细胞,检测其BDNF的表达和活性;建立大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血模型,通过立体定向技术将NSCs-BDNF移植入模型缺血侧海马,进行组织学和行为学检测.结果 NSCs-BDNF移植后可以观察到动物行为学的改善,术后4周Longa评分1.343±0.293,脑切片可以观察到海马齿状回神经元数目的增加,术后4周存活率87.5%±6.6%,较对照有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 NSCs-BDNF移植对实验性大鼠缺血性脑损伤有修复作用.     

丙型肝炎病毒F蛋白结合蛋白1基因的克隆化与序列分析

目的 对命名为F蛋白结合蛋白1(FBP1)的未知基因,克隆其全长基因并进行生物信息学分析.方法 应用酵母双杂交技术得到FBP1,应用分子生物学技术克隆FBP1的基因编码序列.结果 经酶切和测序鉴定,结果完全正确,成功克隆了FBP1的基因编码序.结论 FBP1通过与F蛋白结合,在病毒蛋白与宿主细胞蛋白相互作用过程中发挥重要作用.     

心肌显像联合冠状动脉造影及组织学检查在评价Ad-HGF治疗猪心肌梗死疗效中的价值

目的探讨心肌静息显像联合冠状动脉造影及组织学检查在评价重组腺病毒-肝细胞生长因子（Ad—HGF）治疗猪实验性心肌梗死中的价值。方法低、中、高剂量Ad—HGF治疗组[Ad-HGF剂量依次为10^8，4×10^8，5×10^9空斑形成单位（PFU）／点；均分10点注射]，生理盐水对照组及空白对照组小型猪各5头，分别于治疗前后行静息心肌显像及冠状动脉造影，并于治疗后行组织学检查。结果空白对照组及生理盐水对照组治疗前后心肌灌注及Rentrop评分无明显变化。各Ad-HGF治疗组治疗后心肌灌注及Rentrop评分较治疗前改善，低、中、高剂量组治疗前后冠状动脉左回旋支（LCX）供血节段得分分别为7．8±1．3和16．4±1．1（低），8．2±1．6和17．6±0．9（中），8．4±1．5和19．0±0．7（高）；各组治疗前后LCX供血区域Rentrop评分分别为0．80±0．16和1．66±0．15（低），0．94±0．11和2．16±0．11]（中），0．90±0．22和2．22±0．19（高）。3组治疗前后数据比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。各Ad-HGF治疗组及空白对照组治疗后血管数量明显多于生理盐水对照组。结论用心肌静息显像联合冠状动脉造影及组织学检查评价Ad-HGF治疗猪心肌梗死的疗效有价值。     

Minimal Acute Rejection after Lung Transplantation: A Risk for Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a major cause of lung allograft dysfunction. Although previous studies have identified mild to severe rejection (grade>or=A2) as a risk factor for BOS, the role of minimal rejection (grade A1) remains unclear. To determine if A1 rejection by itself is a risk factor for BOS, we performed a retrospective cohort study on 228 adult lung transplant recipients over a 7-year period. Cohorts were defined by their most severe rejection episode (none, A1 only, and >or=A2) and analyzed for the subsequent development and progression of BOS using univariate and multivariate time-dependent Cox regression analysis. In the univariate model, the occurrence of isolated minimal rejection was a risk factor for all stages of BOS. Similarly, multivariate models that included HLA mismatch, cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, community acquired viral infection, underlying disease and type of transplant demonstrated that A1 rejection was a distinct risk factor for BOS. Furthermore, the associated risk with A1 rejection was slightly greater than the risk from >or=A2 and treatment of A1 rejection decreased the risk for subsequent BOS stage 1. We conclude that minimal rejection is associated with an increased risk for BOS development and progression that is comparable to A2 rejection.     

Validation of analytical parameters of a competitive direct ELISA for aflatoxin B1 in peanuts

Analytical validation of a competitive direct SUNQuik ELISA with a reference High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and other methods including a minicolumn method and the VICAM Aflatest® system for aflatoxin in peanuts was conducted. Both the ELISA and the VICAM Aflatest® system, using the same peanut extracts were analytically comparable with the HPLC method (R=0.998, p<0.000). The minicolumn method was also found to be acceptable as a low cost rapid semi-quantitative test. Despite the large variation in sampling, the correlation between the SUNQuik ELISA and HPLC using the different peanut sub-samples was considered acceptable over the range of 0–1200 µg kg^?1 (R=0.938). No false negatives were found using the SUNQuik ELISA and false positives were either nil or negligible in all the studies conducted. The repeatability of the SUNQuik ELISA run on the same day was good with only±10% deviation. The reproducibility of the SUNQuik ELISA between days was also acceptable, but with a higher deviation. Applying the SUNQuik ELISA for aflatoxin surveys of peanuts in Indonesia proved that the method can deliver high quality, cost- and time-effective analysis with very little establishment capital and maintenance.     

The expression of somatostatin receptors 1 and 2 in benign,pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions

The expression of somatostatin receptors 1 and 2 in benign, pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions The role of chemotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx has not been clearly defined. Whilst toxic chemotherapy regimes may confer a marginal improvement in survival, surgery and radiotherapy remain the mainstay of treatment. Somatostatin is a naturally occurring peptide, which exerts antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects via five membrane‐bound receptor subtypes. The expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTRs) 1 and 2 was studied in benign, pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal specimens. Epithelial expression of SSTR1 was detected in 4/6 (67%) Reinke's oedema, 5/6 (83%) pre‐malignant and 8/12 (67%) malignant specimens, with virtually no stromal or vascular expression. High levels of epithelial SSTR2 expression were noted in all Reinke's oedema specimens, compared with low‐to‐moderate levels in only 2/6 (33%) pre‐malignant and 3/12 (25%) malignant specimens (P < 0.01). This ‘loss’ of epithelial SSTR2 expression may provide a growth advantage in pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions. Vascular expression of SSTR2 was ubiquitous in all groups, with scant stromal expression. Overall, most (>80%) pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal specimens expressed at least one of the two SSTR subtypes studied. Somatostatin analogues may have a therapeutic role in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.     

Development of sample handling procedures for foods under USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program

The National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) was implemented in 1997 to update and improve the quality of food composition data maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). NFNAP was designed to sample and analyze frequently consumed foods in the U.S. food supply using statistically rigorous sampling plans, established sample handling procedures, and qualified analytical laboratories. Methods for careful handling of food samples from acquisition to analysis were developed to ensure the integrity of the samples and subsequent generation of accurate nutrient values. The infrastructure of NFNAP, under which over 1500 foods have been sampled, mandates tested sample handling protocols for a wide variety of foods. The majority of these foods were categorized into several major areas: (1) frozen foods; (2) fresh produce and/or highly perishable foods requiring refrigeration; (3) fast foods and prepared foods; (4) shelf-stable foods; (5) specialized study and non-retail (point of production) foods; and (6) foods from remote areas (e.g. American Indian reservations). This paper describes the sample handling approaches, from the collection and receipt of the food items to the preparation of the analytical samples, with emphasis on the strategies developed for those foods. It provides a foundation for developing sample handling protocols of foods to be analyzed under NFNAP and for other researchers working on similar projects.