Issues influencing psychiatric nurse retention during the first year of employment: a case analysis

Aim  To explore the work experiences of psychiatric-registered nurses (RNs) that influence retention within the first year of employment.
Background  One corporation with four psychiatric inpatient facilities experienced an average RN turnover rate of 54% annually, with approximately 75% of new hires leaving within 6 months of employment.
Methods  This case analysis used a grounded theory approach involving structured telephone interviews with 14 former and currently employed nurses.
Results  The nursing role in this organization was limited and task oriented, with issues involving education and training, team dynamics and organizational support converging to influence nurses' decisions to terminate employment within the first year.
Conclusions  Retention of psychiatric nurses requires the implementation of a variety of strategies to clarify the role.
Implications for nursing  Nurse administrators need to review organizational policies and procedures to determine if current practices support the retention of psychiatric nurses.     

Clinical supervision and managerial supervision: some historical and conceptual considerations

The current lack of consensus among authors in the United Kingdom on the concept of clinical supervision continues unabated, although enthusiasm for its implementation is being questioned by those who would be supervised. The literature now reports confusion among practitioners on the differences between clinical and managerial supervision, and supervision and therapy. This paper addresses the differences between clinical and managerial supervision by revealing nursing's history of clinical supervision. It is argued that until the current underlying conceptual ambiguities are identified and corrected, clinical supervision remains at risk of deteriorating into managerial supervision.     

氨基酸注射液瓶对输液澄明度影响的观察

本文就复方氨基酸瓶灌装输液与回收输液瓶相比对输液澄明度的影响，少量氨基酸与输液混合后的变化，不同洗涤和处理方法对氨基酸瓶的清洁程度，以及用酸、碱、水加热方法处理氨基酸瓶后，能否提高所灌装输液的澄明度等进行了观察和探讨。得出氨基酸瓶对输液澄明度影响很大，因此不宜采用。但其机理尚不清楚，有待进一步探讨。     

How Does Proactive Personality Promote Affective Well-Being? A Chained Mediation Model

Based on social cognitive career theory, this research examined a chained mediation model for the relations between proactive personality, career success criteria clarity, career decision-making self-efficacy and affective wellbeing. A two-wave survey study was conducted among Chinese graduating students (N = 235). The results showed that proactive personality (measured at time 1), career success criteria clarity (measured at time 1), and career decisionmaking self-efficacy (measured at time 2) positively related to affective well-being respectively. In addition, the results further revealed that proactive personality was positively related to career success criteria clarity, which further predicted affective well-being through the full mediation of career decision-making selfefficacy. The findings carry theoretical implications for research on affective wellbeing and advance our understanding of social cognitive career theory. Practical implications for both career educators and consultants are discussed.     

Pubertal timing and vulnerabilities to depression in early adolescence: Differential pathways to depressive symptoms by sex

Although research implicates pubertal processes in the emergence of the sex difference in depression during adolescence, few studies have examined how cognitive and affective vulnerabilities influence the effect of pubertal timing on depressive symptoms. The current study prospectively examined whether early pubertal timing predicted increases in depressive symptoms among adolescents with more negative cognitive styles and lower emotional clarity, and whether this risk was specific to adolescent girls. In a diverse sample of 318 adolescents, early pubertal timing predicted increases in depressive symptoms among adolescent boys and girls with more negative cognitive styles and adolescent girls with poor emotional clarity. These findings suggest that earlier pubertal maturation may heighten the risk of depression for adolescents with pre-existing vulnerabilities to depression, and that early maturing adolescent girls with lower levels of emotional clarity may be particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms, representing one pathway through which the sex difference in depression may emerge.     

酒石酸柱晶白霉素喷雾干燥生产工艺

以喷雾干燥法代替冷冻干燥法，生产酒石酸柱晶白霉素无菌粉，喷雾干燥工艺参数为：进风温度（１２０±１）℃出风温度（７５±１）℃。     

用正交法优选杞菊地黄口服液工艺

为提高杞菊地黄口服液澄明度,以沉淀量为测定指标,选择醇沉浓度、药液pH值、冷藏温度、冷藏时间,采用L₉(3~4)正交试验优选该产品前处理最佳工艺为醇沉浓度75%,药液pH值4.2,冷藏温度3℃、冷藏时间48h。     

影响输液澄明度因素的探讨

本文对医院输液配制中，分装、锁口、灭菌等工序，以及毛口玻瓶与涤纶薄膜对输液澄明度的影响进行了探讨。得出毛口玻瓶是造成输液澄明度不合格的主要原因。     

3～5岁痉挛型脑瘫患儿构音清晰度研究

目的：研究痉挛型脑瘫患儿构音清晰度及其影响因素。方法以76例3～5岁痉挛型脑瘫患儿为研究对象,采用儿童词语理解能力测验评估患儿的语言理解能力,黄昭鸣-韩知娟词表测试患儿的构音清晰度,测量其汉语顶点元音/i/、/u/、/a/的第一共振峰（F1）和第二共振峰（F2）,求得元音空间、舌距F2（i）-F2（u）和下颌距F1（a）-F1（i）,检验患儿构音清晰度与年龄、舌距、下颌距、元音空间、词语理解能力得分之间的相关性。结果76例痉挛型脑瘫患儿整体构音清晰度分数平均为（66.8±29.3）%。37～47月龄组的整体构音清晰度低于48～59月龄组和60～71月龄组,差异有统计学意义。语言理解能力迟缓患儿的整体构音清晰度低于语言理解能力中等患儿,差异有统计学意义。不同性别脑瘫患儿整体构音清晰度差异没有统计学意义。76例痉挛型脑瘫患儿中有34例患儿存在构音障碍,构音障碍率为44.7%。语言理解能力迟缓患儿构音障碍率高于语言理解能力中等患儿,差异有极显著统计学意义（P=0.002）。不同年龄、性别的脑瘫患儿构音障碍率差异没有统计学意义。痉挛型脑瘫患儿整体构音清晰度与年龄、舌距、下颌距、元音空间、词语理解能力得分呈正相关,具有统计学意义。结论3～5岁痉挛型脑瘫患儿的构音清晰度随着年龄、舌距、下颌距、元音空间、词语理解能力得分的增加而提高,不受性别因素的影响。