The role of the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor (TRPV1) in physiology and pathology

The cloning of the vanilloid receptor 1 opened a floodgate for discoveries regarding the function of this complex molecule. It has been found that, in addition to heat, protons and vanilloids, this receptor also responds to various endogenous ligands. Furthermore, it has been also emerged that, through associations with other molecules, the vanilloid receptor 1 plays an important role in the integration of various stimuli and modulation of cellular excitability. Although, originally, the vanilloid receptor 1 was associated with nociceptive primary afferent fibres, it has been gradually revealed that it is broadly expressed in the brain, epidermis and visceral cells. The expression pattern of the vanilloid receptor 1 indicates that it could be involved in various physiological functions and in the pathomechanisms of diverse diseases. Here, we summarise the molecular, pharmacological and physiological characteristics, and putative functions, of the vanilloid receptor 1, and discuss the therapeutic potential of this molecule.     

精神因素对肠易激综合征患者内脏敏感性的影响

目的　探讨肠易激综合征 (IBS)患者选择性关注的特征及心理暗示对患者内脏敏感性的影响。方法　将改编后的抑郁症病人选择性关注调查卡用于IBS(符合罗马Ⅱ诊断标准 )患者选择性关注特征调查 ,随后观察IBS患者在不同暗示刺激下直肠气囊扩张的各种阈值与正常对照者的差异。结果　 36例IBS患者在看过调查卡片内容 30min后 ,回忆起的胃肠疾病相关的术语超过 50 % ,而对照组不超过 30 % (P <0 0 0 1 )。IBS患者直肠气囊扩张诱发的初始感觉 (2 1mmHg± 5mmHg)、排便感 (36mmHg± 9mmHg)、排便紧迫感 (51mmHg± 1 4mmHg)及最大耐受的阈值 (67mmHg± 1 7mmHg)均低于 2 6例健康对照组 (P <0 0 0 1 )。诱导IBS患者转移对胃肠刺激的注意力所需时间 (1 0min±4min)长于健康对照组 (2 8min± 1 2min) (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,转移注意力后两组受试者内脏敏感性阈值均比相应基线值增加 (P <0 0 5) ,但IBS患者初始感觉值增加更显著 (P <0 0 1 )。恶性视听暗示刺激能降低IBS患者组的各项内脏敏感性观察指标 (P <0 0 5) ,对健康对照组影响不显著。结论　对胃肠道症状及其刺激的选择性关注是IBS患者认知 行为的重要特征 ,转移注意力可明显减低患者对胃肠道刺激的反应。研究结果说明采用心理方法治疗IBS的合理性     

辟谷食饵疗法对小鼠生化代谢等影响的研究

目的探讨辟谷食饵疗法对实验性小鼠的安全性。方法采用隔日禁食法投喂辟谷食饵。实验1观察小鼠的体重、食物功效比(FER)和脏器指数(V1)的变化。实验2观察常规血象、肝肾生化代谢功能等的变化。结果辟谷食饵具有较好的FER(P<0.05),辟谷食饵疗法在维护小鼠正常生存质量、血象和肝肾生化代谢的基础上,减少了体重增量(P<0.05),降低了血糖和甘油三酯水平(P<0.05)。结论辟谷食饵疗法对实验性小鼠具有良好的安全性和可行性,并有可能改善机体代谢功能,预防代谢性疾病等。     

蛋白激酶C在大鼠甲醛内脏炎症痛过程中作用的行为学观察

目的： 本实验用甲醛复制的内脏炎症痛模型，经腹腔注射给予蛋白激酶C抑制剂氯丙嗪（CP），通过行为学方法观察其在内脏炎症痛中的作用。方法：实验选用成年健康Wistar大鼠，随机分3组: 单纯甲醛直肠致炎组（F）；腹腔内注射生理盐水组（F+NaCl）；腹腔内注射CP组（F+CP）。记录3组大鼠的疼痛行为反应，致痛后以15 min为1个时间段，共记录8个时段，计2 h，分别计算疼痛分数。结果： F+NaCl组与F组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)；F+CP组与F组相比在前90 min内有显著差异（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：蛋白激酶C可能在甲醛致内脏炎症痛感受中起重要作用。     

内脏痛与体表相关性的实验研究

目的:研究大鼠丘脑腹后外侧核(VPL)单细胞中皮肤触觉与内脏伤害性传入的相互作用与规律性。方法:用球囊扩张直-结肠(CRD)的方法产生内脏痛刺激,10Hz气流喷射皮肤感受野产生触觉刺激。两种刺激先后给予以观察先行条件刺激对其后的检验刺激反应的影响。结果:在记录的70个对CRD和皮肤刺激都有确定反应的VPL神经元中,44%(31/70)的细胞对CRD反应在触觉条件刺激之后有所抑制,而54%(38/70)在CRD伤害性条件刺激之后触觉反应表现为增强。对CRD有反应的细胞的皮肤敏感点多数分布在下肢外侧,主要沿相当于中医经络理论中的胃经及胆经下段分布。结论:在丘脑单细胞水平,条件性皮肤触觉刺激可在一定程度上抑制内脏痛觉反应。相反,内脏伤害性刺激后可引起VPL神经元对皮肤触觉的过度反应,可能与内脏病变时临床常见的体表敏感点有关。     

新型饮水对小鼠生长发育的影响

目的 研究生态水、活化水、碱性离子水和纯水4种新型饮水对小鼠生长发育的影响,为进一步研究新型饮水对人类健康的影响提供依据.方法 将初断乳三级雌性昆明小鼠按体重将小鼠随机分为生态水组、活化水组、碱性离子水组和纯水组,均饲以不含骨粉并添加0.5%胆固醇的特殊饲料.整个实验过程中,小鼠可自由进食,并饮用相应的新型饮水.定期称量小鼠体重,并测量饮水量.6个月后处死小鼠,采集双侧股骨、心脏、肝脏、肾脏,称重,计算脏器系数.结果 不同新型饮水组小鼠染毒前、后体重间比较,经方差分析,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).生态水组、碱性离子水组小鼠的股骨、心脏、肝脏、肾脏的重量及其脏器系数高于纯水组,经LSD检验,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 新型饮水对小鼠生长发育指标的影响不一致,其作用机制有待进一步研究.     

全子宫切除术联合胆囊切除术8例报告

目的:应用腹腔镜技术行全子宫切除术联合胆囊切除术。方法:分析我院近5 a行全子宫切除术联合胆囊切除术8例,其中腹腔镜胆囊切除术加经腹全子宫切除术(LC+TAH)4例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术加腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术(LC+CISH)4例。结果:8例均手术顺利,平均手术时间139.2 min,术后平均住院7 d,无并发症,效果满意。结论:全子宫切除术联合胆囊切除术不增加病人痛苦,同时切除多个病变脏器,特别是腹腔镜胆囊切除术加腹腔镜筋膜内子宫切除术住院时间短,费用低,美容效果好。     

经络理论中穴位与脏腑的联系

The theory of interrelation between acupoints and viscera （IBAV） is one of the most important parts in Traditional Chinese Medicine and the key concept in the theory of Zangfu and Jingluo （meridians）. IBAV expresses the rule between body surface and inner organs which guides the diagnosis and treatment in acupuncture practice. Yellow Emperor said. ＂The twelve-channel is the passage of the flowing of the blood and energy in human body, it has close relation with the existence of the flowing of the blood and energy in human body, it has close relation with the existence of man, the forming of disease, the human health and the recovery of disease... ＂ （Chapter 11 Jing Bie Yellow Emperors Canon Internal Medicine） Early studies noted that IBAV is bi-direetional by reflex reaction to the aeupoints on body surface. Stimulation on the acupoints can simultaneously regulate visceral functions. Recent research showed that acupuncture stimulations induced neuronal nitric oxide expression in the brainstem. Nitric Oxide in the medulla medicates various physiological reflexes. In this Review, the evidence of the relationship between viscera and acupoints will be summarized and emphases on the study of interrelation between acupoints and viscera is not only for improving clinical effects, but also for clarifying the mechanisms of acupuncture-moxibustion. A main way to treat visceral illnesses is choosing acupoints based on differentiation of symptoms and signs.     

原穴与脏腑相关性探析

通过文献整理和实验研究,探讨了原穴和脏腑的相关性。发现五脏原公安部与五脏之间具有密切相关的特异性,确实反映五脏的生理功能,病理变化,并用以治疗相应五脏疾患,但不论从文献记载还是从相关的实验研究来看,六腑原穴与六腑无显著的相关特异性,就六原穴与六腑下合穴而言,下合穴与六腑的相关性则更突出,因此,将六腑之原穴作为六腑的代表穴位有等商榷。     

CT evaluation of shock viscera: a pictorial review

The purpose of this article is to review both the pathophysiology and the computed tomography features of the hypoperfusion complex and shock viscera. The main findings include dilated fluid-filled loops of bowel with hyperenhancing mucosa, intensely enhancing kidneys and mesenteric vasculature, and small caliber, dense aorta and collapsed, slit-like inferior vena cava. Variable features include increased enhancement of the adrenals, decreased enhancement of the spleen, and altered enhancement of the pancreas with both hypo- and hyperenhancement described. This complex of findings indicates a tenuous hemodynamic status and has been associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, it is important to discern this collection of findings from direct injury to the viscera to aid in appropriate triage and management of the patients’ injuries.