A perspective on measurement of mutations in vivo.

The development of transgenic mouse lines with target genes that are suitable for tissue-specific mutagenesis studies is an important contribution to the field of environmental mutagenesis. These models can accommodate many of the questions relating to metabolism, distribution and relative potency of mutagens as well as providing a more comprehensive system for the identification of mutagens. However, the lesions that the field has learned about methods, development and validation from the use of in vitro systems must be applied to the development and validation of transgenic models.     

大麦芽发酵物化学成分的鉴别分离及其抗缺氧效果研究

目的研究鉴别大麦芽发酵物的成分组成,分离其抗缺氧有效成分,为建立药物有效成分提取分离工艺及减少服药剂量提供科学依据.方法按药典方法测定发酵物的理化指标;发酵物分别用水和乙醇提取分离后,通过纸层析法和试管法,用特异显色剂进行化学成分鉴别;采用溶剂极性梯度、乙醇浓度梯度、酸性溶剂三种方法,分别对大麦芽发酵物搅拌回流提取两次,离心分离,回收溶剂,浓缩,低温干燥作试样;溶剂不溶物低温干燥后也作试样;选雄性健康小白鼠,按体重随机分组,每组20只.腹腔注射0.2ml药液,给药40min后,置125ml广口瓶中以橡皮塞密闭进行抗缺氧实验,观察记录动物死亡时间,同时设原发酵物和蒸馏水空白两个对照组.最后统计实验组与对照组的动物存活时间增加率,并对组间结果进行t检验.结果大麦芽发酵物含蛋白质18.99%,总糖17.50%,总酸度9.01%;纸层析法和试管法定性鉴别试样中蛋白质、糖类、有机酸、酚性物和油脂均呈阳性;不同溶剂提取物的动物密闭抗缺氧效果均非常显著高于水对照组(P＜0.01),但却明显低于原发酵物对照组.而不同溶剂不溶物的抗缺氧效果则显著优于原发酵物(P＜0.05).结论发酵物含蛋白质、肽类、氨基酸、单糖、还原糖、多糖类、有机酸、酚性物和油脂等成分.其抗缺氧有效成分可能是一类弱极性化学物质.     

止咳枇杷冲剂中枇杷叶和桔梗的薄层色谱鉴别研究

研究止咳枇杷冲剂中枇杷叶和桔梗的薄层色谱鉴别方法。分别取枇杷叶和桔梗药材，制剂及阴性制剂的醋酸乙酯提取液，在硅胶板上前者以ψ（氯仿：甲醇：水）=2：2.25:1.5展开，后者以ψ（正已烷：氯仿：甲醇）=5：4：0.3展开，磷钼酸乙醇溶液显色，在两者供试吕色谱中与各自对照药材色谱相应位置上，分别有相同的蓝绿色特征斑点；阴性制剂色谱图中无此斑点，因此该方法可作为这两味中药的鉴别方法。     

Automatic discrimination of myoelectric signals via parallel cascade identification

It has recently been shown that it is possible to discriminate accurately among myoelectric signals underlying different muscle contraction types, specifically elbow flexion and extension and forearm pronation and supination. It was reported that once a number of distinctive features had been extracted from the myoelectric signals, a neural network could be trained to distinguish the contraction types with an impressively high accuracy. In the present paper, we show that a technique known as parallel cascade identification can be used to construct classifiers that can also accurately, differentiate the contraction types. The use of parallel cascades has the benefit of dispensing with the need for feature extraction, so that raw myoelectric signal data can be used directly. In addition, very little data are required to train the parallel cascades to distinguish accurately novel incoming myoelectric signals. Results of using parallel cascades to distinguish foream pronation, supination, and elbow flexion are presented.     

定坤丹的显微鉴定研究

对定坤丹(蜜丸)进行了显微鉴定研究,将29种组成药物全部检出,对各组成药物的显微鉴别特征作了简明描述,并附显微特征图。     

Interpretation of functional series expansions

While much research has been devoted to the implementation and application of Volterra and Wiener functional series expansions in the identification and characterization of biological systems, little effort has been focused on the fundamental problem of interpreting the resulting kernels. This paper describes the application of the series to the components of a known model of the human pupil control system. As more complicated elements are put together, insight into kernel interpretation is built up incrementally until the total system is identified. Practical limitations and methods are also discussed.     

方格星虫多糖分离纯化及性质鉴定

以方格星虫（Sipunculus nudus）体壁和血液为试验材料，经胰蛋白酶水解，Sevage法去除蛋白质，乙醇沉淀得到粗多糖，透析并冷冻干燥后分别得到方格星虫体壁多糖（SWP）和血液多糖（SBP）。经凝胶渗透色谱分析，SWP和SBP均为单一组分，相对分子质量分别为284528和198212。红外光谱分析表明，两种多耱结构相似，不含硫酸基团，均含有葡萄耱、半乳糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖。SBP含有乙酰氨基，而SWP不含乙酰氨基，它们是以α-糖苷键或β-糖苷键连接的呋喃多糖。     

视蛋白基因启动子的克隆和鉴定

目的 克隆出视蛋白基因启动子。方法 以小鼠全基因组为模板，用PCR法克隆出目的大小的片断。然后连接到T-载体上作酶切鉴定，最后测序。结果 酶切结果与预期相符，测序结果与公布序列完全一致。结论 视蛋白基因启动子克隆成功。     

三匹风总黄酮的提取

本研究探讨了中草药“三匹风”主要成份之一的黄酮类化合物的提取方法和化学鉴定法。经实验优选,确定采用70％乙醇提取法分离提取三匹风中的总黄酮成份。     

抗结肠炎药美沙拉嗪的合成及结构鉴定

报告了抗溃疡性结肠炎药美沙拉嗪的合成工艺及结构鉴定。工艺过程包括重氮化反应、重氮耦合反应和还原反应 ,总收率 6 0 % ,产品含量≥ 99.0 %。通过元素分析、紫外吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱、1 H-核磁共振谱、1 3 C-核磁共振谱和质谱确证了结构