应用MEBT/MEBO治疗55例烧伤病人的疗效观察

目的：观察MEBT／MEBO对烧伤病人的治疗效果。方法：全程采用MEBT／MEBO治疗55例不同面积和深度的烧伤病人，观察创面愈合时间，感染及创面疼痛程度。结果：55例烧伤病人全部治愈，治愈率100％；创面感染3例，感染率5．5％。各种创面均能在预期内愈合，疼痛减轻和消失。结论：MEBT／MEBO能促进创面愈合，减少创面感染率，对深Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗愈后不留瘢痕或少留瘢痕，方法简便，效果良好。     

射频与中药联合治疗肥厚性咽炎的临床观察

目的 :探讨应用射频与中药联合治疗肥厚性咽炎的疗效。方法 :随机将 16 8例肥厚性咽炎患者分为射频与中药联合治疗组和对照组 ,进行临床观察。结果 :治疗组显效率 76 .3% ,总有效率 10 0 % ,对照组显效率 14 % ,总有效率 82 % ,两组差异有高度显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。 结论 :射频配合中药联合治疗肥厚性咽炎效果显著。     

Treatment of hepatitis B and C after liver transplantation. Part 2, hepatitis C

Abstract End-stage liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus is a major indication for liver transplantation. However, recurrence of hepatitis in the graft is a major issue. HCV re-infection after transplantation is almost constant, and recent data confirm that it significantly impairs patient and graft survival. Factors that may influence disease severity and consequent progression of HCV graft injury remain unclear. Chronic HCV infection develops in 60%–80% of patients, and 6%–28% ultimately progress to cirrhosis within 5 years. Pre-transplantation antiviral treatment is not easily related to poor tolerance. Attempts to administer prophylactic post-transplantation antiviral treatment are under evaluation but are limited by antiviral drug side effects. Treatment of established graft lesions with interferon or ribavirin as single agents has been disappointing. Combination therapy gave promising results, with sustained virological response in 25% of patients, but indications, modality and duration of treatment should be assessed.     

Nephrology and renal replacement therapy in Romania--transition still continues (Cinderella story revisited).

INTRODUCTION. This report describes the current status of nephrology and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Romania, a country with previously limited facilities, highlighting national changes in the European context. METHODS: Trends in RRT development were analysed in 2003, on a national basis, using the same questionnaires as in previous surveys (1991, 1995). Survival data and prognostic risk factors were calculated retrospectively from a large representative sample of 2284 patients starting RRT between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2001 (44% of the total RRT population investigated). RESULTS: In 2003, RRT incidence [128 per million population (p.m.p.)] and prevalence (250 p.m.p.) were six and five times higher, respectively, than in 1995. The annual rate of increase in the stock of RRT patients (11%) was supported mainly by an exponential development of the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) population (+600%), while the haemodialysis (HD) growth rate was stable (+33%) and renal transplantation made a marginal contribution. Renal care infrastructure followed the same trend: nephrology departments (+100%) and nephrologists (+205%). The characteristics of RRT incident patients changed accordingly to current European epidemiology (increasing age and prevalence of diabetes and nephroangiosclerosis). The estimated overall survival of RRT patients in Romania was 90.6% at 1 year [confidence interval (CI) 89.4-91.8] and 62.2% at 5 years (CI 59.4-65.0). Patients' survival was negatively influenced (Cox regression analysis) by age >65 years (P < 0.001), lack of pre-dialysis monitoring by a nephrologist [P = 0.01, hazards ratio (HR) = 0.8], severe anaemia, lack of erythropoetin treatment (P < 0.001, HR = 0.6), and co-morbidity, e.g. cardiovascular diseases (P < 0.001, HR = 1.8) and diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001, HR = 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: Although the rate of increase in RRT patient stock in 1996-2003 in Romania was the highest in Europe, the prevalence remained below the European mean. As CAPD had the greatest expansion, followed by HD, an effective transplantation programme must be set up to overcome the imbalance. The quality of RRT appears to be good and survival was similar to that in other registries. Further evolution implies strategies of prevention, based on national surveys, supported by the Romanian Renal Registry.     

Endocrine therapy with or without radical prostatectomy for T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: We retrospectively compared the 5-year survival rates of T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer patients treated either by endocrine therapy plus radical prostatectomy or endocrine therapy alone. METHODS: Clinical T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer patients were enrolled at 104 institutions in Japan. They were assigned to study 1 (n = 176), if they were indicated to prostatectomy, if not indicated, they were assigned to study 2 (n = 151). The indication of prostatectomy was based on the clinical judgement of physicians and/or patients. Those assigned to study 1 underwent prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy with or without preoperative androgen deprivation. Those assigned to study 2 were treated with leuprorelin acetate with or without chlormadinone acetate. They were followed-up every 3 months until death or for 5 years and over. RESULTS: Those assigned to study 1 were younger (mean age 67.2 vs 75.7 years), less advanced in clinical stage, and had lower prostate specific antigen levels (mean 43.8 vs 103.6 ng/mL). Death for any reason was observed less frequently in study 1 (n = 29, 16%) than study 2 (n = 50, 33%), and the 5-year overall survival rate was higher in study 1 (87 vs. 68%). However, prostate cancer deaths were comparatively seldom (9% in study 1 and 7% in study 2), resulting in the identical 5-year cause specific survival rate in both study groups (91%). In both study groups the overall survival was almost equal to the natural survival of age-matched men. CONCLUSIONS: Endocrine therapy offers a reasonable survival rate in T1b-T3 prostate cancer patients within a 5-year follow-up. Observation will be extended to determine 10-year outcomes.     

应用抗凝剂的心脏瓣膜置换患者接受胆道手术的术前处理

目的总结瓣膜置换患者行胆道手术的术前用药方法。方法对38例瓣膜置换后在服用华法令过程中因胆道疾病需行择期手术治疗的患者随机分为2组,肝功能正常组(A组)23例、肝功能不正常组(B组)15例均于术前3d停服华法令,B组术前12h肌注VitK110mg。术前无应用华法令历史的患者115例做为对照组。结果38例患者停药2d后A组血浆凝血酶原时间与对照组差异无显著意义,B组于术前12h肌注VitK110mg后,血浆凝血酶原时间与对照组相比差异也无显著性意义。结论瓣膜置换患者在抗凝期间行胆道手术,只要准备充分,围手术期是安全的。     

发展民营医院的思路和建议

论述了发展民营医院的思路,针对目前发展民营医院存在的困难和问题提出了对政策调整的建议。     

低位直肠癌的手术治疗：附206例分析

目的　探讨低位直肠癌的术式选择及保肛手术的治疗效果。方法　回顾性分析 2 0 6例低位直肠癌病例的临床资料。结果　 2 0 6例中行Miles手术 61例 ,各种保肛手术 14 5例。 14 5例保肛手术中术后发生吻合口瘘 16例 ( 11.0 % ,16/ 14 5 ) ,肛门狭窄 13例 ( 9.0 % ,13 / 14 5 )。无手术死亡。术后 5年生存率Miles手术为 62 .3 % ,保肛手术为 67.2 % (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　低位直肠癌的治疗可根据患者情况选用保肛手术或Miles手术。在保证根治的情况下 ,应尽可能选用保肛术。     

腺病毒介导钙离子ATP酶基因在骨髓间充质干细胞的表达

目的：以腺病毒（Ad—CMV）介导钙离子ATP酶基因（sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca^2＋ ATPase，SERCa2a）转染骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone marrow msenchymal stem cells，BMSCs），测定表达产物，为心力衰竭的细胞移植和基因治疗提供实验基础。方法：体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞，用已构建好的Ad5-CMVSERCa2a真核载体进行转染。通过流式细胞仪检测转染效率。逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、Westem杂交等方法检测SERCa2amRNA和蛋白质的表达。结果：Ad5-CMV—SERCa2a对BMC的转染率为80％左右，没有明显的细胞毒性反应。RT-PCR检测到SERCa2a，Western杂交确定SERCa2a蛋白表达。结论：腺病毒载体可有效地介导SERCa2a基因转染BMC，并表达SERCa2a蛋白，为基因治疗心力衰竭的研究奠定了基础。     

纸质病案保存期限的思考

本文作者比较了不同时期的纸质病案的使用率,讨论了旧病案的缺点,如难于保存,占用空间及实用价值不大.作者提出了改进保存病案的办法.