Leg Length Change After Curved Periacetabular Osteotomy and Its Impact on the Clinical Outcomes

BackgroundCurved periacetabular osteotomy (CPO) is one of the periacetabular osteotomies for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia. Several complications have been described after CPO, however, there have been no reports on the leg length change (LLC). This study aimed to investigate the LLC after CPO and its impact on the clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of 70 consecutive hips in 67 patients with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia who underwent CPO between March 2016 and April 2019. Preoperative and postoperative leg lengths were measured using anteroposterior radiographs, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated based on the Harris hip score (HHS) and Medical Outcomes Survey 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).ResultsThe mean LLC (and standard deviation) after CPO was −0.08 ± 3.10 mm. The mean HHS significantly improved from 73.5 points to 91.9 points (P < .001). The physical component and role component scores of SF-36 significantly improved from 35.1 to 46.1 (P < .001) and from 39.5 to 47.0 (P < .001), respectively. No significant differences were found between the preoperative and postoperative mental component scores of SF-36. In addition, among 70 hips, 35 hips exhibited leg length elongation (0 to plus 6.82 mm) after CPO, whereas 35 hips exhibited leg length shortening (0 to minus 6.23 mm). No significant differences were found in HHS and SF-36 between the leg elongation group and leg shortening group.ConclusionThe mean LLC after CPO was −0.08 ± 3.10 mm, and this change does not affect the postoperative clinical outcomes.     

Change in Body Mass Index after Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: Risk Factors and Its Influence on Functional Outcomes

BackgroundPrevious studies evaluating weight changes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were performed on heterogenous cohorts. However, no study has evaluated weight changes in a cohort of simultaneous-bilateral TKA (SB-TKA) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of patients who lost or gained weight, determine if postoperative weight change influences functional outcome, and identify predictors of weight change after SB-TKA.MethodsProspectively collected registry data of 560 patients who underwent SB-TKA were reviewed. Patients were assessed preoperatively, at 6 months, and 2 years using the Knee Society Score, Oxford Knee Score, Short-Form 36, and range of motion. Change in body mass index (BMI) >5% was used to categorize patients into 3 groups: lost, maintained, or gained weight. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-squared test were used to compare functional outcomes between groups. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated predictors for postoperative weight changes.ResultsAt 2 years, 59% of patients maintained weight, 28% of patients gained weight, and 13% of patients lost weight. All groups experienced similar improvements in functional outcomes, rates of minimal clinically important difference attainment, and patient satisfaction (P > .05). Older patients were more likely to gain weight (P < .05). Patients with higher preoperative BMI were more likely to gain weight (P < .05) and less likely to lose weight (P < .05). Patients with greater preoperative comorbidities were less likely to lose weight (P < .05).ConclusionUp to 41% of patients experience significant weight changes after SB-TKA. Older patients with higher preoperative BMI were more likely to gain weight, while higher preoperative BMI with more comorbidities were less likely to lose weight following SB-TKA; however, postoperative weight changes do not appear to affect functional outcomes.Level of EvidenceIII, therapeutic study.     

乳腺癌化疗患者睡眠障碍变化规律及预测指标研究

目的 识别乳腺癌患者化疗期间睡眠障碍的纵向变化趋势及不同轨迹类别,并分析人口学及疾病相关因素对轨迹类别的预测作用.方法 采用一般资料调查表、乳腺癌患者报告结局测量系统-化疗期间睡眠障碍量表收集219例乳腺癌患者首次化疗开始前、第1疗程用药结束后第7天(化疗早期)、第2～4疗程用药结束后第7天(化疗中期)及最后1个疗程用药结束后第7天(化疗末期)的睡眠障碍情况.使用重复测量方差分析比较不同时间点测评结果的差异,应用潜类别增长模型探讨轨迹类别,并采用x2检验和Logistic回归分析探索轨迹类别的预测指标.结果 乳腺癌化疗患者4个时间点睡眠障碍得分分别为47.50±8.82、51.38±10.83、50.66±9.90、50.46±9.99,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).识别出乳腺癌化疗患者睡眠障碍4条不同的潜在轨迹,命名为无睡眠障碍组(19.2％)、轻度睡眠障碍组(25.1％)、中度睡眠障碍组(50.7％)及重度睡眠障碍组(5.0％).区域淋巴结转移(OR=1.475,P=0.042)、使用靶向药物(OR =2.135,P=0.011)及参与临床试验(OR=1.899,P=0.040)对乳腺癌化疗患者的睡眠障碍轨迹类别具有预测作用.结论 乳腺癌化疗患者的睡眠障碍随着化疗的推进而动态变化,且其发展轨迹有显著的群体异质性,淋巴结转移、使用靶向药物及参与临床试验对患者的睡眠障碍轨迹类别具有预测作用.医护人员可根据睡眠障碍的变化规律及预测指标早期识别睡眠障碍中、高危人群,并为患者提供全程管理与精准照护.     

Un sistema de vigilancia de salud pública para el cambio climático en las ciudades

This paper makes a first proposal for a public health surveillance system for climate change in cities, and describes the process that led to its definition. After several years of monitoring different aspects related to climate change and its impact, the public health services of Barcelona made a preliminary proposal and gathered a working group of experts to discuss and review it. Four categories of components were defined: climate data, health impacts of climate change and its determinants, contributions of the city to mitigation (especially those with health co-benefits), and actions to reduce vulnerability to extreme events. They were broken in twelve components, with indicators for each. The proposal was further refined with subsequent reviews, and is being used by the city public health services involved in this field.     

社区戒烟干预理论概述

通过对近几十年国内外以社区为基础开展戒烟干预研究的文献进行分析汇总,介绍根据不同理论框架开发的戒烟措施在社区应用的效果。针对中国严峻的烟草流行形势和现有戒烟服务的不足,探讨其在降低中国人群吸烟率中的应用前景,以期为国内开展社区戒烟干预研究的理论框架和实践应用提供参考。     

Functional transition: Inconsistently parallel to the increase in future liver remnant volume after preoperative portal vein embolization

BACKGROUNDPreoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is a widely used strategy to enable major hepatectomy in patients with insufficient liver remnant. PVE induces hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) and a shift of the functional reserve to the FLR. However, whether the increase of the FLR volume (FLRV) corresponds to the functional transition after PVE remains unclear.AIMTo investigate the sequential relationship between the increase in FLRV and functional transition after preoperative PVE using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) and ^99mTc-galactosyl-human serum albumin (^99mTc-GSA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) fusion images. METHODSThirty-three patients who underwent major hepatectomy following PVE at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Hospital between October 2013 and March 2018 were enrolled. Three-phase dynamic multidetector CT and ^99mTc-GSA SPECT scintigraphy were performed at pre-PVE, and at 1 and 2 wk after PVE; 3D ^99mTc-GSA SPECT CT-fused images were constructed from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data using 3D image analysis system. Functional FLRV (FFLRV) was defined as the total liver volume × (FLR volume counts/total liver volume counts) on the 3D ^99mTc-GSA SPECT CT-fused images. The calculated FFLRV was compared with FLRV.RESULTSFFLRV increased by a significantly larger extent than FLRV at 1 and 2 wk after PVE (P < 0.01). The increase in FFLRV and FLRV was 55.1% ± 41.6% and 26.7% ± 17.8% (P < 0.001), respectively, at 1 wk after PVE, and 64.2% ± 33.3% and 36.8% ± 18.9% (P < 0.001), respectively, at 2 wk after PVE. In 3 of the 33 patients, FFLRV levels decreased below FLRV at 2 wk. One of the three patients showed rapidly progressive fatty changes in FLR. The biopsy at 4 wk after PVE showed macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis of more than 40%, which improved to 10%. Radical resection was performed at 13 wk after PVE. The patient recovered uneventfully without any symptoms of pos-toperative liver failure.CONCLUSIONThe functional transition lagged behind the increase in FLRV after PVE in some cases. Evaluating both volume and function is needed to determine the optimal timing of hepatectomy after PVE.     

Improving community health and social care practitioners’ confidence,perceived competence and intention to use behaviour change techniques in health behaviour change conversations

Community health and social care practitioners play an increasingly important role in the health promotion agenda, but lack confidence in having effective health behaviour change (HBC) conversations with members of the public. This study reports the development and evaluation of a training intervention based on health psychology to improve health and social care practitioner self-rated confidence, competence and intention to use five behaviour change techniques (BCTs) in their HBC conversations. A 2-day behavioural science interprofessional skills training course plus online learning module was designed for health and social care staff across North East Scotland, teaching five evidence-based BCTs (e.g. Action Planning), plus person-centred communication skills. Participants rated confidence, competence and future intention to use the BCTs on likert scales (1–10) pre-course and post-course, and provided acceptability data. 177 participants aged 20–64 took part, qualitative and quantitative data suggested that the course had high acceptability. Paired samples t tests (n = 120 with complete data) showed significant improvements in confidence, competence and intention following the course, which remained significant with a conservative analysis (n = 174) assuming no change for missing data. Perceived competence in Action Planning increased most during the course (mean change 3.09). In conclusion, health psychology-based skills training can improve practitioner confidence, competence and intention to use evidence-based BCTs; further evaluation is needed to assess practice change.     

四川省卫生总费用的结构变动及预测研究

目的 分析2008—2019年四川省卫生总费用结构变动及影响因素和预测研究,为助力“健康四川”建言献策。方法 使用四川省卫生统计年鉴的相关卫生总费用数据,在描述性分析的基础上,使用结构变动度分析卫生总费用的结构变动,灰色关联法研究卫生总费用的影响因素并进行GM(1,1)预测。结果 2008—2019年卫生总费用持续增加,政府、社会和个人卫生支出结构逐步合理;人均卫生费用水平排名靠后,社会卫生支出成为卫生总费用的主要构成单元;千人口床位、常住人口和农村居民人均可支配收入是影响卫生总费用的主要因素;预测发现,2020—2025年卫生总费用仍呈增加趋势,个人卫生支出占比进一步下降。结论 四川省卫生总费用结构渐趋合理,医疗服务水平得到大幅度改善;但仍需重点关注人均卫生费用等相对性指标。     

团块状灰度变化减轻子宫良性疾病聚焦超声消融术中的远场不良反应

目的：评估团块状灰度变化能否减轻子宫良性疾病聚焦超声消融术中的远场不良反应。方法：开展单中心回顾性临床观察研究,纳入重庆医科大学附属第二医院行聚焦超声消融术的40例子宫良性疾病。比较团块状灰度变化出现前后,在相同能量水平（最小不可耐受能量）下,术中即刻骶尾部或臀部疼痛、放射痛、会阴部痛、肛门胀痛的发生率及不良反应程度。结果：在相同能量水平（最小不可耐受能量）下,团块状灰度变化出现后术中即刻骶尾部或臀部疼痛、放射痛、会阴部痛、肛门胀痛的发生率及不良反应程度明显低于团块状灰度变化出现前（P<0.05）。结论：团块状灰度变化能减轻子宫良性疾病聚焦超声消融术中的远场不良反应。