2019—2020年哈密市蚊虫种类分布及携带病毒调查

目的　了解新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市蚊虫种类及病毒携带情况,并鉴定该市尖音库蚊所属亚种。方法　分别于2019、2020年7月中旬,在新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市伊州区、伊吾县、巴里坤县采用诱蚊灯法捕捉蚊虫,鉴定所捕获蚊虫种属及尖音库蚊种属。采用逆转录PCR技术检测捕获蚊虫携带黄病毒属、甲病毒属、布尼亚病毒属、流行性乙型脑炎病毒、辽宁病毒、Tahyna病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒及西尼罗病毒情况。结果　在哈密市伊州区、伊吾县、巴里坤县共捕获蚊虫1 496只,分属于3属3种。尖音库蚊为优势蚊种,占所捕获蚊虫总数的65.91%（986只）;其次为里海伊蚊,占30.55%（457只）;阿拉斯加脉毛蚊最少,仅占3.54%（53只）。所捕获尖音库蚊经雄蚊尾器鉴定为尖音库蚊指名亚种。经逆转录PCR法检测,所捕获蚊虫黄病毒属、甲病毒属、布尼亚病毒属、流行性乙型脑炎病毒、辽宁病毒、Tahyna病毒、蜱传脑炎及西尼罗病毒均为阴性。结论　2019—2020年哈密市存在尖音库蚊、里海伊蚊、阿拉斯加脉毛蚊3种蚊虫,以尖音库蚊为优势蚊种;所捕获尖音库蚊均为指名亚种,未发现蚊类携带相关虫媒病毒。     

应用DNA微阵列技术快速鉴定分枝杆菌菌种

目的 利用DNA微阵列的高通量、高效性,建立一种快速、简便的分枝杆菌分子菌种鉴定方法,为临床医师正确诊断提供依据.方法 以DNA直接测序法为对照,通过PCR-SSCP和DNA微阵列技术分析28种分枝杆菌标准菌株、9种非分枝杆菌和465株分枝杆菌临床分离株的菌种.结果 应用DNA微阵列技术分析28种分枝杆菌标准菌株和9种非分枝杆菌菌株,特异性100%.465株分枝杆菌临床分离株中,经16S rRNA PCR-SSCP初步菌种鉴定,256株为结核分枝杆菌复合群,应用DNA微阵列分析,显示与分枝杆菌属探针M和结核分枝杆菌复合群探针a杂交阳性,两种鉴定方法结果一致;209株PCR-SSCP初步鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌的分离株,经芯片分析,68株为龟分枝杆菌龟亚种和脓肿亚种,46株为胞内分枝杆菌,34株为堪萨斯、瘰疬、胃和猿猴分枝杆菌复合群,31株为偶然分枝杆菌,16株为戈登分枝杆菌,3株为鸟分枝杆菌,2株为海和溃疡分枝杆菌复合群,1株为土分枝杆菌,1株为迪氏分枝杆菌,1株为草分枝杆菌;另6株只与探针M杂交,经测序显示5株为胞内分枝杆菌,但其基因序列与标准菌株不完全相同,1株为新金色分枝杆菌,芯片上无鉴定该菌种的探针.结论 用DNA微阵列可简便、快速、灵敏、特异地将大多数分枝杆菌鉴定到种,提高分枝杆菌病的正确诊断率,指导临床合理治疗.     

Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species but not Glutathione Regulate Mercury Resistance to AML-2/DX100 Cells

The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) mediates cellular efflux of various xenobiotics and cellular resistance to heavy metals. Previously we reported that MRP1 mediates resistance to mercury exposure and possible mechanism mediating MRP1 expression after mercury exposure. This study was designed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione on the resistance of AML-2/DX100 cells to mercuric chloride. The MRP1 overexpressing cells (AML-2/DX100) cells showed less scavenging activity to ROS induced by mercury while no difference in the basal glutathione levels between AML-2/WT and AML-2/DX100 cells. Mercury induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but not c-jun-N-terminal kinase in AML-2/DX100 cells. The specific inhibitor for p38 MAPK and ERK, and antioxidant decreased the production of MRP1 and therefore resistance of AML-2/DX100 cells against mercury exposure. These results suggest that induction of ROS and downstream p38 MAPK and ERK were involved in the resistance of cells to mercury by expression MRP1 in AML-2/DX100 cells.     

云南香格里拉山地自然风景区蚤类多样性的研究

蚤类是传播多种自然疫源性疾病的重要媒介昆虫,人类在自然风景区户外活动时存在被其叮咬而感染虫媒传染病的风险。为了解云南香格里拉县主要山地自然风景区蚤类的多样性状况,2005年秋,我们选择了虎跳峡、哈巴雪山、白水台、千湖山和红山5个不同海拔高度的自然风景区为调查研究的空间范围,应用夹线法捕小型兽类并收集其体表寄生蚤类进行调查取样,对蚤类多样性、群落相似性和蚤类与宿主关系进行了测度和比较研究。结果显示：（1）共捕获蚤类633只,隶属4科19属34种,其中发现云南省1新纪录属及种（喜马狭蚤Stenoponiahimalayana）,当地新纪录蚤类10种（亚种）,显示当地山地自然风景区内蚤种丰富;（2）红山和千湖山景区蚤种丰富度较高（各18种）和物种多样性也较高（分别为2．50和2．18）,而虎跳峡景区捕获的蚤类丰富度（8种）和物种多样性指数（1．79）最低,蚤类物种丰富度和Shannon—Wienor指数均随着景区海拔的升高呈递增趋势;（3）综合分析Jaccard指数和聚类分析的结果,5个风景区被划为虎跳峡-哈巴雪山-白水台、千湖山-红山两个类型,相对植被和水湿条件而言,人为干扰或是导致这一结果更重要的原因;（4）5个自然风景区蚤类群落与宿主群落丰富度的Spearman秩相关系数为0．24,Shannon—Wiener指数的Spearman秩相关系数为0．60,显示5个景区的蚤类多样性与宿主多样性无相关。     

First overview of the Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) livestock associated species of Reunion Island,Indian Ocean

This study establishes the first faunistic inventory of livestock associated Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), where bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease are regularly recorded. Single night-catches were performed at 41 sites using light suction traps at altitudes ranging from 0 to 1525 m, from March to April 2005. Five species were recorded: Culicoides imicola, Culicoides bolitinos, Culicoides enderleini, Culicoides grahamii, and Culicoides kibatiensis, among which at least the first three species are known to be involved in virus transmission to ruminants and equids. This is the first record of C. bolitinos, C. kibatiensis, and C. enderleini on the island. C. imicola was the most abundant species along the sea coast. C. bolitinos was more abundant inland and on two sites on the east coast. C. kibatiensis and C. grahamii were less abundant than the other three species and limited to two foci.     

OX40-OX40L轴对动脉粥样硬化小鼠淋巴细胞活性氧和亲环素A表达的调控作用

目的　探讨OX40-OX40L相互作用对C57BL/6J小鼠活性氧（ROS）水平及亲环素A（CyPA）表达的影响。　方法　采用C57BL/6J小鼠颈动脉硅胶圈置入法快速建立动脉粥样硬化斑块模型,免疫组织化学法检测颈动脉粥样硬化（As）斑块内CyPA的表达;小鼠淋巴细胞表达CyPA采用Western　Blot检测;采用流式细胞术检测CD4、OX40及细胞内ROS水平。　结果　C57BL/6J小鼠形成As斑块后,淋巴细胞表达OX40较非As小鼠明显增加,同时发现As小鼠淋巴细胞内ROS水平和CyPA表达水平显著增加;体外应用anti-OX40特异性刺激OX40-OX40L轴后,淋巴细胞表达OX40及ROS水平显著上调,anti-OX40L特异性阻断OX40-OX40L后,淋巴细胞OX40表达减少,细胞分泌ROS水平较刺激组降低（P<0.05）;体外培养淋巴细胞6　h,刺激组分泌的CyPA水平明显高于抑制组（P<0.001）。　结论　OX40-OX40L相互作用能调控动脉粥样硬化小鼠活性氧水平及亲环素A表达。     

葛类中药的品种沿革、产区及功效考证

对葛属资源记载情况进行整理和历代本草学的研究认为,南北朝以前时期用的葛根品种为野葛,南北朝至汉唐时期记载为甘葛藤,宋代及明清以后本草记载葛根品种开始多样化发展,出现家种和野生两品种并列的情况,为甘葛藤和野葛,药食两用一直沿用至今。《本草品汇精要》记载以江浙、南康、庐陵为道地,当今道地产区不明显。葛类中药古今用药功效基本一致。野葛和甘葛藤为主流品种,该属其它资源是否都能药用需进一步临床验证。《中国药典》分列葛根和粉葛两药,应以临床为导向更加完善质量标准。该研究为葛类中药的进一步鉴别研究和质量控制提供依据与参考。     

Simvastatin attenuates the endothelial pro-thrombotic shift in saphenous vein grafts induced by Advanced glycation endproducts

Background

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and its receptors (RAGEs) are heterogeneous signaling proteins associated to diabetes and responsible of endothelial alterations leading to atherosclerosis progression and graft failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of statin in reducing AGEs related endothelial damage.

Methods

Endothelial cell(EC) obtained from leftovers of saphenous vein grafts of non-diabetic patients were incubated with AGEs (2 and 20 μM) and subsequently treated with Simvastatin. Neutrophils (PNM) adherence, ROS production and RAGE and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma (PPAR-γ) expression were analyzed. As clinical validation of the in vitro findings, ECs of diabetic patients in optimized glycaemic control administered with a 3 weeks Simvastatin regimen were similarly processed.

Results

Simvastatin blunted the rise in PMN adhesion and ROS generation following stimulation of saphenous vein EC culture with AGEs in vitro. This effect was time dependent and was associated to an increase in PPAR-γ induction paralleled by a decrease in RAGEs expression. Parallely, data from diabetic patients administered with Simvastatin showed a similar significant reduction in PNM adhesion and ROS generation. Simvastatin treatment significantly decreased RAGEs expression in ECs from diabetic patients and determined a slight increase in PPAR-γ expression but the latter failed to reach statistical significance. Interference in the function of these two crucial pathways might be at the root of the statin antinflammatory and antithrombotic effect in the context of AGEs-associated damage.

Conclusions

Despite the recently raised warning on the use of statins in the diabetic population, this study elucidates their cornerstone position in endothelial homeostasis of saphenous grafts in patients with controlled diabetes.     

依达拉奉保护H9c2心肌细胞对抗化学性低氧引起的损伤

目的探讨新型的自由基清除剂依达拉奉(EDA)能否保护H9c2心肌细胞对抗化学性低氧引起的损伤。方法应用化学性低氧模拟剂氯化钴(CoCl2)处理H9c2心肌细胞以建立化学性低氧损伤模型。应用CCK-8比色法检测细胞存活率;Hoechst 33258核染色法检测凋亡细胞的形态学及数量变化;双氯荧光素(DCFH-DA)染色荧光显微镜照像测定细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平;JC-1染色荧光显微镜照像检测线粒体膜电位(MMP)。结果应用100～1000μmol/L CoCl2处理H9c2心肌细胞24 h,呈浓度依赖性地降低细胞存活率;在12～36 h范围内,800μmol/L CoCl2呈时间依赖性地抑制细胞存活率;10～40μmol/L EDA或500～2000μmol/L N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC,为ROS的清除剂)预处理H9c2心肌细胞1 h呈浓度依赖性地对抗CoCl2对细胞存活率的抑制作用;在800μmol/LCoCl2处理H9c2心肌细胞前1 h,应用40μmol/L EDA预处理细胞不仅可明显的抑制CoCl2诱导的细胞内ROS生成增多,还能抑制CoCl2的致细胞凋亡作用及MMP的损伤作用。结论 EDA能保护心肌细胞对抗CoCl2诱导的损伤作用,此心肌细胞保护作用可能与其抗氧化作用及保护MMP有关。     

NADPH氧化酶与脑缺血再灌注损伤

NADPH氧化酶类是一个多亚基酶复合体家族,催化活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的产生.大量研究显示,氧化应激在脑缺血再灌注损伤中起着十分重要的作用.而一些关于NADPH氧化酶在脑缺血后表达改变的发现,为缺血性卒中的防治提供了新的思路.NADPH氧化酶有可能会成为一个新的治疗靶点.