西洋参干预胰岛素抵抗大鼠活性部位的化学成分研究Ⅱ

目的:研究西洋参干预胰岛素抵抗大鼠活性部位的化学成分。方法:以乙醇提取,用大孔树脂吸附,乙醇洗脱得总皂苷,再用硅胶柱色谱及HPLC等分离技术与方法分离和纯化,通过理化常数及光谱数据确定其结构。结果:共分得3个化合物,经鉴定后分别证明为:6-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-20(24)-环氧-3,β6,α12,β25-四醇(Ⅰ);6-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-20-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖基-达玛-24-烯-3,β6α,12,β20S-四醇(Ⅱ);(14S)-3-(4,5-二羟-6-(羟甲基)-3-(3,4,5-三羟基-6-(羟甲基)-顺-4-四氢吡喃-2-氧)-顺-4-四氢吡喃-2-氧)-4,4,8,10,14-五甲基-17-((S)-6-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三羟基-6-((3,4,5-三羟基-6-羟甲基)-顺-4-四氢吡喃-2-氧)甲基)-顺-4-四氢吡喃-2-氧)庚-5-烯-2-基)-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,14,15,16,17-十四氢-1H-环戊烯并[a]菲2-醋酸酯(Ⅲ)。     

中药透皮吸收促进剂的研究进展

中药透皮吸收促进剂具有起效快、效果好、副作用小、无污染等优点,总结近年来常用中药透皮吸收促进剂的研究进展,中药透皮吸收促进剂主要包括单一中药透皮吸收促进剂和含中药PE多元透皮吸收促进剂,并对存在的问题及今后的研究前景进行了思考和展望。     

妊娠期常用中药遗传安全性研究概况

在回顾中医妇科妊娠期安全用药理论的基础上,对近十年来妊娠期常用中药的遗传安全性研究进行整理和分析:(1)中医历来重视妊娠期用药的安全性,自古即有妊娠禁忌药的记载;(2)遗传安全性试验的技术、方法日趋成熟;(3)目前中药的安全性研究已逐渐展开,在妊娠期常用方药中,单味药研究较少;复方几乎空白;(4)中药遗传安全性研究的技术和方法尚未统一,安全性评价也无公认标准,构建符合中医药自身特点的安全性评价体系迫在眉睫,妊娠期广泛使用的方药遗传安全性研究是亟待解决的问题.     

美国儿科学会最新新生儿黄疸诊疗指南

大多数新生儿可出现黄疸,大部分新生儿黄疸均较轻微,但由于胆红素毒性,严重高胆红素血症可导致胆红素脑病或核黄疸。为减少严重胆红素血症及胆红素脑症或核黄疸的发生,避免医疗资源的浪费,2004年8月美国儿科学会制定了新的新生儿黄疸诊疗指南。该指南强调了成功母乳喂养、黄疸出现时间、黄疸高危因素评估、严密随访和适时干预的重要性,制定了黄疸干预的流程图,提出了一些新的观点,值得我们借鉴。     

李发枝教授艾滋病发热医案数据挖掘分析

目的：分析李发枝教授治疗艾滋病发热的用药规律,为中医药治疗艾滋病发热提供相应的用药参考依据。方法：利用复杂网络分析方法,研究河南尉氏县2007 年9 月~2012 年6 月期间接受李发枝教授治疗过的艾滋病发热患者,分析艾滋病发热的病因病机、名老中医辨证论治及用药规律。结果：运用多维检索查询分析得出,本次研究中治疗艾滋病发热的核心药物为柴胡、甘草、黄芩等和解清热药物及党参、黄芪等益气扶正之品;核心处方为小柴胡汤和补中益气汤加减。结论：李发枝教授治疗艾滋病发热以清热兼补中益气为治则。     

Network pharmacology explores the mechanisms of Eucommia ulmoides cortex against postmenopausal osteoporosis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has become one of most frequent chronic disease worldwide with aging population. Eucommia ulmoides cortex (EU), a traditional Chinese medicine, has long since been used to treat PMOP. The aim of this study is to explore pharmacological mechanisms of EU against PMOP through using network pharmacology approach.The active ingredients of EU were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database, and target fishing was performed on these ingredients in UniProt database for identification of their relative targets. Then, we screened the targets of PMOP using GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. The overlapping genes between PMOP and EU were obtained to performed protein–protein interaction, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes, and genomes analysis.Twenty-eight active ingredients were identified in EU, and corresponded to 207 targets. Also, 292 targets were closely associated with PMOP, and 50 of them matched with the targets of EU were considered as therapeutically relevant. Gene ontology enrichment analysis suggested that EU exerted anti-PMOP effects via modulating multiple biological processes including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis revealed several pathways, such as PI3K-AKT pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, hypoxia-inducible factors-1 pathway, tumor necrosis factor pathway, and interleukin-17 pathway that might be involved in regulating the above biological processes.Through the method of network pharmacology, we systematically investigated the mechanisms of EU against PMOP. The multi-targets and multi-pathways identified here could provide new insights for further determination of more exact mechanisms of EU.     

Promoting Inclusive Recruitment: a Qualitative Study of Black Adults’ Decision to Participate in Genetic Research

Underrepresentation of Black individuals in genetic research is a longstanding issue. There are well-documented strategies to improve the enrollment of Black participants; however, few studies explore these strategies—as well as the barriers and facilitators for participation—by sampling Black people who have previously participated in genetic research. This study explores the decision-making process of Black adults who have participated in genetic research to identify best practices in the recruitment of Black subjects in genetic research. We conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with Black adults with prior research participation in genetic studies housed at an urban academic medical center in the United States of America (USA). An online survey was conducted with the participants to gather demographic data and information on prior research participation. Trust in research was ascertained with the Corbie-Smith Distrust in Clinical Research Index. Two participants scored high levels of distrust using the validated index. Using thematic content analysis, 4 themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Participants are active players in health system, (2) information is power, and transparency is key, (3) therapeutic alliances and study characteristics facilitate participation, and (4) race pervades the research process. The decision to participate in genetic research for the participants in our study was prompted by participants’ internal motivations and facilitated by trust in their doctor, trust in the institution, and ease of participation. Most participants viewed their enrollment in genetic research in the context of their own racial identity and the history of medical racism in the USA.