多发性硬化伴发记忆障碍MRI研究进展

多发性硬化（MS）是以中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘改变为主要表现的疾病,是中青年非创伤性神经功能残疾的主要原因,主要表现为记忆及信息处理速度、执行功能等多种认知领域障碍。MS伴发记忆障碍（MSMI）因发病隐匿而常被忽略,严重影响患者生活质量。随着神经功能影像学的快速发展,MRI已成为观察和诊断MS的重要手段,可为诊断MSMI提供影像学依据。本文就MSMI相关临床及MRI研究进展进行综述。     

短程小组认知行为治疗失眠伴慢性非恶性颈背痛的效果

目的 探讨短程小组认知行为治疗失眠伴慢性非恶性颈背部疼痛患者的效果.方法 选择2013年6月～2013年12月于首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院神经与精神病科诊治的,符合国际睡眠障碍分类第二版失眠的诊断标准,并伴慢性非恶性颈背部疼痛的患者39例,随机分为短程小组认知行为治疗组(干预组,20例)和单纯睡眠卫生教育组(对照组,19例).患者于治疗前,治疗结束后1、5周填写匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、睡眠日志、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和疼痛视觉模拟评分,比较并分析两组的结果.结果 两组治疗期间各有1例中途脱落未能完成治疗.干预组治疗结束后1周入睡时间、睡眠总时间、睡眠质量、睡眠效率、焦虑得分均较对照组改善[(39±18)比(65±28)min、(429±47)比(413±70)min、(3.8±1.6)比(3.5±1.5)分、(73±13)％比(66±12)％、(7.0±3.5)比(8.1±3.7)分],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗结束后5周干预组入睡时间、睡眠总时间、睡眠质量、睡眠效率、焦虑得分分别较对照组相应指标改善[(35±12)比(62±27)min、(440±52)比(418±75)min、(3.9±1.8)比(3.5±1.6)分、(76±12)％比(66±12)％、(6.5±2.4)比(7.8±3.3)分],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 短程小组认知行为治疗对失眠伴慢性颈背痛患者的失眠和伴随焦虑症状有持续的效果.     

维持性血液透析患者脑体积变化及其与睡眠质量、焦虑及抑郁的相关性

目的 采用基于体素的形态学测量（VBM）法观察终末期肾病（ESRD）维持性血液透析患者脑体积变化及其与睡眠质量、抑郁及焦虑的相关性。方法 对20例ESRD维持性血液透析患者（病例组）和21名健康志愿者（正常对照组）行MR扫描及神经心理学量表测评,包括蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）与抑郁自评量表（SDS）。比较2组间脑体积变化,分析病例组脑体积变化区域与神经心理学测量评分的相关性。结果 与正常对照组相比,病例组左侧颞中回、右侧额中回及左内侧额上回的脑灰质体积减小（P均<0.001,AlphaSim多重校正后）;2组间MoCA、PSQI、SAS及SDS评分差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。病例组左侧颞中回体积减小分别与PSQI、SDS及SAS评分呈负相关（r=-0.588、-0.456、-0.489,P=0.006、0.043、0.029）;右侧额中回体积减小分别与SDS及SAS评分呈负相关（r=-0.495、-0.466,P=0.026、0.038）;左内侧额上回体积减小分别与MoCA评分呈正相关（r=0.462,P=0.040）,与PSQI评分呈负相关（r=-0.588,P=0.006）。结论 ESRD维持性血液透析患者部分脑灰质体积萎缩,并有认知功能下降;伴睡眠质量差、焦虑或抑郁者可能与相应脑灰质体积减少有关。     

心理干预联合放松训练对晚期癌痛患者疼痛程度及睡眠的影响探讨

目的：观察对晚期癌痛患者施以心理疏导和放松训练联合干预方式的临床应用效果。方法选择2013年12月—2014年12月在该院住院治疗的晚期癌痛病例1000例做为研究对象,随机分为试验组500例与对照组500例,对照组施以一般护理内容,试验组则于对照组护理内容基础之上加用心理干预联合放松训练干预,比较两组晚期癌痛病例干预后相关指标的差异性。结果试验组晚期癌痛病例干预后疼痛评分、PSQI评分均显著低于对照组入选对象(P<0.05)。结论对晚期癌痛患者施以心理疏导和放松训练联合干预,能够显著降低该类患者的癌痛程度,改善其睡眠质量,具有现实的推广价值。     

老年缺血性脑卒中患者睡眠障碍相关因素研究

目的：分析老年缺血性脑卒中患者睡眠障碍( sleep disorders)的影响因素。方法纳入老年缺血性脑卒中( elderly ischemic stroke)患者224例,搜集患者相关资料,根据是否存在睡眠障碍列为研究组及对照组,分析比较两组患者的临床特点差异,筛选危险因素。结果研究组中空巢老人( living alone elderly patients),吸烟者,合并有高血压、睡眠障碍综合征( sleep apnea syndrome),有焦虑、抑郁倾向者,缺血性卒中部位分布于皮层下者,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义。抑郁( depression)、睡眠障碍综合征、皮层下卒中( under the cerebral cortex of brain stroke)是老年缺血性脑卒中患者合并睡眠障碍的危险因素。结论缺血性脑卒中合并睡眠障碍患者影响因素较多,临床上应从相关影响因素出发,及早发现并纠正睡眠障碍。     

生物反馈疗法对脑卒中后失眠症的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨生物反馈放松疗法对脑卒中后失眠症患者的临床疗效。方法:选取48例脑卒中后失眠症患者,随机分为对照组与研究组,每组24例。对照组予以常规康复治疗和药物对症治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上,加用生物反馈放松疗法治疗。2组患者治疗前后均进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评定。同时观察研究组治疗前后额肌肌电均值(AEMG)均值的变化。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者SDS、SAS、PSQI评分较治疗前均明显降低(均P0.05);且研究组的3项评分均明显低于对照组(均P0.05);治疗后,研究组AEMG均值较治疗前显著下降(P0.05)。结论:常规康复治疗和药物治疗可改善脑卒中患者睡眠质量,生物反馈放松疗法可以放松肌肉、改善睡眠,对脑卒中失眠症的治疗效果较好,值得临床推广。     

Tuina therapy for temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) is common in clinic at present, which seriously affects the mental health and quality of life of patients. With the development of society, the incidence of TMD is gradually increasing. At present, there are many treatment methods, Tuina as a characteristic traditional Chinese medicine therapy, clinical treatment of TMD has a significant effect. In recent years, there are many clinical studies on Tuina in the treatment of TMD, but the clinical efficacy of Tuina in the treatment of TMD has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we systematically evaluated the relevant literature of Tuina in the treatment of TMD by using the method of evidence-based medicine, in order to provide reference for clinical research in this direction in the future.Methods:VIP Chinese database, China knowledge Network, Wanfang, China Biomedical Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for clinical randomized controlled trials of Tuina in the treatment of TMD from the establishment of the database to December 2020. The 2 researchers independently screened the literature and carried out quality assessment and data extraction for the included study, and used RevMan5.3 software for risk assessment and Meta analysis.Results:In this study, the efficacy and safety of Tuina in the treatment of TMD were evaluated by effective rate, visual analog score (VAS) of temporomandibular joint pain, dysfunction index ((DI), palpation index (PI), craniomandibular index (CMI), maximum mouth opening (MMO), incidence of adverse reactions and so on.Conclusion:This protocol can provide evidence-based basis for the treatment of TMD, with Tuina to significantly improve the symptoms and function of patients with TMD.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/J75A8.     

Malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders in Taiwan: An observational nationwide population database study

Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death, which are mostly preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Taiwanese government launched a free oral cancer screening program. The aim of this study was to analyze the malignant transformation rate of OPMDs.This study was based on national-wide oral screening databases. 3,362,232 people were enrolled. Patients clinically diagnosed with leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF), oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH), and oral lichen planus (OLP), from 2010 to 2013, were identified. We followed up OPMD patients in cancer registry databases to analyze the malignant transformation rate.The malignant transformation rates from the highest to the lowest were: OVH > OSF > erythroplakia > OLP > leukoplakia. The malignant transformation rate was 24.55, 12.76, 9.75, 4.23, and 0.60 per 1000 person-years in the OVH, OSF, erythroplakia, leukoplakia, and comparison cohort. The hazard ratio was 8.19 times higher in the OPMD group compared with comparison cohort group, after age and habit adjustment. Female patients with OPMDs had a high risk of malignant transformation.Nationwide screening is very important for early diagnosis. OVH had the highest malignant transformation possibility. Female OPMD patients are a rare but have a relatively high malignant transformation rate.