Effect of meal volume on gastric emptying

Abstract While the volume of a liquid meal has been identified as the principal accelerator of gastric emptying of liquids, the relationship between meal volume and gastric emptying of solids has been controversial. With solid foods, the need to reduce solid foods into small particles (trituration) before passage might obscure the effect of meal volume on solid propulsion. To distinguish trituration from driving force as the rate-limiting factor for emptying, 75 (1.6 mm) nylon spheres were fed along with different amounts of steak meals (150, 300 and 600 g), or alternatively, 50, 100 or 200 (1.6 mm) nylon spheres were fed to six dogs with 300 g steak meals. To examine the effect of meal volume on gastric emptying, we studied the effect of different meal volumes on the speed of gastric emptying of liquids (150, 300, 600 and 1200 ml of phosphate buffer) and solids (150, 300 and 600 g of cooked beef steak) in five dogs with duodenal fistulas. Intestinal inhibition was eliminated by diverting all chyme through the fistulas. In the absence of intestinal feedback, we found that gastric emptying of steak and spheres were different in that steak emptying was independent of meal volume (g min^-1 was constant across 150–600 g) while sphere emptying was affected by the number of spheres in the stomach and that liquid emptying was dependent on the meal volume (ml min^-1 increased across 150–1200 ml). Thus, meal volume accelerated gastric emptying provided the process is not rate-limited by trituration.     

胃癌患者胃液中5-羟色胺含量的检测及临床意义

本文应用高效液相色谱与荧光分光光度计联机法检测55例胃液内5-羟色胺的含量,共分为正常、溃疡病、萎缩性胃炎、胃癌等4个组。其结果正常组含量为48.70±49.3ng/ml,溃疡病组含量为76.26±127.06ng/ml,慢性萎缩性胃炎组含量为197.29±128.4ng/ml,胃癌组含量为191.80±124.2ng/ml。4组之间进行对比分析,正常组和溃疡病组之间差异不明显(P>0.05),而萎缩性胃炎和胃癌两组与前两组之间差异均显著(P<0.01),但萎缩性胃炎和胃癌之间未见差异(P>0.05)。这充分证明5-羟色胺(5-HT)在萎缩性胃炎和胃癌的胃液中含量是很高的。对于胃癌和慢性萎缩性胃炎的诊断及与其它慢性胃病的鉴别诊断中可能起到很重要的作用。     

高血压病合并脑梗死的动态血压特点

目的 :观察高血压病合并脑梗死患者的动态血压特点。方法 :对 70例高血压病合并脑梗死患者和 1 0 2例单纯高血压病患者进行 2 4h动态血压监测。结果 :84 %高血压病合并脑梗死患者血压昼夜节律消失 ,而单纯高血压病患者 5 8%消失 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;高血压病合并脑梗死组 85 %出现晨峰 ,而单纯高血压病组 5 5 %出现晨峰 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :血压的昼夜变化和晨峰与高血压病合并脑梗死密切相关。高血压病合并脑梗死患者晨峰明显增加 ,昼夜节律消失明显     

增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)与胃癌预后关系的免疫组化研究

应用ＳＬＡＢ免疫酶标法在石蜡切片上半定量分析增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达与７３例胃癌患者预后的关系，探讨其临床应用价值。结果表明，以ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞５０％为界线，阳性率＞５０％者术后生存期较短，５年生存率较低，而淋巴结转移率则较高。提示ＰＣＮＡ检测可作为胃癌预后判断的良好指征。     

Curative resection of gastric cancer: Limitation of peritoneal lavage cytology in predicting the outcome

Patients with stage T3N0～2M0 gastric carcinoma (n = 108) were studied for relevant prognostic factors. Peritoneal lavage cytology (PLC) was performed in all. In univariate analysis, 5-year survival rates were better with smaller serosal invasion (diameter <3.0 cm vs. ≥3.0 cm, 61% vs. 37%, P < 0.05) and fewer metastatic nodes (≤5 vs. ≥6, 57% vs. 29%, P < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, only these two factors were significant. The predictive value of PLC was not shown in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Peritoneal recurrence occured in 14 (22%) of 77 patients with negative PLC, and in 3 (18%) of 17 with positive PLC, the difference being not significant. Our results indicate that PLC is insensitive in predicting the development of peritoneal recurrence. Its role in the estimation of survival is limited, as many will die of visceral or locoregional recurrence if not of peritoneal dissemination.     

影响现代大学制度综合因素分析和改革探索

从影响现代大学制度的综合因素分析出发,提出建立现代大学制度的核心是要落实大学自治、学术自由和教授治校.此外建立现代大学制度还要树立正确的人才观、发展观、质量观、模式观,培育具有鲜明特色大学精神和大学文化.     

医用耗材采购决策中存在的问题与对策

本文分析了目前医疗机构医用耗材采购中存在的一些问题和造成危害的原因，提出了要解决这些问题，就要建立和完善集中决策机制等对策思路。     

自拟白术桃花汤治疗习惯性便秘临床观察

目的　观察白术桃花汤治疗习惯性便秘的疗效。方法　自拟白术桃花汤 (白术 30g ,桃花 12g ,生地黄 30g ,枳实 10g) ,每日服 1剂 ,7d为 1个疗程。对照组服用果导片作对比观察。结果　白术桃花汤治疗习惯性便秘 117例 ,治愈 10 6例 ,好转 4例 ,总有效率 94 .0 2 %;果导片治疗 6 6例 ,治愈18例 ,好转 30例 ,总有效率 72 .73%。两组总有效率比较 ,经统计学处理P <0 0 1,差异有非常显著性意义。结论　白术桃花汤功能为补气除湿 ,增液行气 ,通调大便 ,治疗习惯性便秘疗效满意。     

颈椎椎体次全切除钛网钉板系统的临床应用

目的探讨颈椎前路椎体次全切除钛网钉板植骨融合的临床效果。方法自2001年3月～2003年3月间应用颈前路椎体次全切除钛网植骨融合及钉板固定治疗颈椎管狭窄性疾病22例，其中4例患者行2椎体次全切除3节椎间隙减压手术。术后观察减压、固定、融合及神经功能恢复情况，并行X线摄片或CT扫描检查。结果患者获6～12个月随访，神经功能得到不同程度改善，无加重情况。椎间隙高度无丢失、无成角，均获得骨性融合。术后3d在颈围领固定下下床活动，4周后可恢复较轻工作。结论此术式可避免传统手术方法的缺点，即不取自体髂骨，融合率高，稳定性好，并减压彻底，疗效好，是一种值得推广的新技术。     

胃癌高系家族成员胃蛋白酶原C基因多态性及其诊断意义的探讨

采用限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析法，检测在胃癌高发区庄河检出的１９例胃癌高系家族成员胃蛋白酶原Ｃ基因多态性，发现三种常见片段及一种稀有片段。对其中４例携带稀有片段的受检者进行了胃镜追踪观察，２．５年后发现１例早期胃癌。本文对此作了初步探讨。