甲磺酸罗哌卡因注射液细菌内毒素检查法的可行性研究

目的:建立甲磺酸罗哌卡因注射液细菌内毒素检查法.方法:按<中国药典>(二部)2000年版附录细菌内毒素检查法.结果:将甲磺酸罗哌卡因注射液稀释至1.6mg/ml,可消除干扰,选用标示灵敏度为0.25EU/ml的鲎试剂检查细菌内毒素的方法可行、有效.结论:可以用细菌内毒素法替代家兔法作为日常检测甲磺酸罗哌卡因注射液的热原检查.     

参麦注射液对急性心肌梗死患者血液动力学指标的影响

目的评价参麦注射液对急性心肌梗死患者血液动力学指标的影响。方法回顾性分析医院2007年4月到2012年4月的246例急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料。对照组126例给予常规治疗,治疗组120例,在常规治疗的基础上给予参麦注射液静脉滴注治疗,分别于输注前、输注后6,12,18,24 h记录血液动力学指标,两组患者不同时间血液动力学指标的变化比较采用重复测量方差分析。结果两组患者右房压(RAP)、右室压(RVP)、肺动脉压(PAP)、肺毛细血管嵌顿压(PAWP)、全身血管阻力指数(SVRI)、肺血管阻力指数(PVRI)、左心室心搏作功指数(LVSWI)和右心室心搏作功指数(RVSWI)在不同时间比较均无明显差异(P>0.05),参麦注射液输注对这些指标也无明显影响。而参麦注射液注射对每搏输出量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)有明显影响(P<0.05)。结论参麦注射液对急性心肌梗死患者血液动力学指标无不良影响。     

中药注射剂在休克急救中的应用

目的:探讨中药注射剂在休克急救中应用的疗效。方法:系统分析2011年5月至2013年3月,46例我院收治的休克患者,采用随机数字表法随机分为治疗组23例,对照组23例。结果:治疗组患者显效率为78.26%,总有效率为90.69%;对照组患者显效率为60.86%,总有效率为88.37%。2组显效率差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。用药后2组患者收缩压均升高,治疗1 h后,治疗组收缩压高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),并且随着时间增长,2 h内差异性进一步增大。用药后2组患者心率均降低,用药30 min后,2组患者平均心率比较,治疗组心率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),并且随着时间增长,2 h内差异性进一步增大。用药后2组患者尿量均升高,治疗2 h时2组患者尿量比较,治疗组尿量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:通过中医辨证论治,对不同类型的休克患者给予回阳救逆、救阴固脱、醒神开窍的中药制剂,能够有效改善微循环障碍的病理状态,联合现代医学的急救措施,有机的结合,取长补短,能提高治愈率,较单一中医或西医的方法都更具优势,临床上应重视中医药注射剂在院前急救中所发挥的巨大作用。     

艾迪注射液联合FOLFOX4化疗方案治疗中晚期结直肠癌的系统评价

目的 系统评价艾迪注射液联合FOLFOX4化疗方案治疗中晚期结直肠癌疗效及安全性。方法 检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Medline、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、万方数据知识服务平台（Wanfang Data）中艾迪注射液联合FOLFOX4化疗方案治疗中晚期结直肠癌的临床随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial，RCT），检索时限为建库起至2022年4月1日，采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入18项RCTs，包括1 515例患者，其中试验组775例、对照组740例。汇总全部研究的Meta分析显示，试验组客观缓解率（objective response rate，ORR）［RR=1.22，95% CI（1.11，1.34）］及疾病控制率（diseasecontrol rate，DCR）［RR=1.10，95% CI（1.05，1.16）］均优于对照组（P<0.05）；试验组可改善患者生活质量［RR=1.30，95% CI（1.18，1.44），P<0.01］，降低白细胞减少发生率［RR=0.53，95% CI（0.41，0.70），P<0.01］，降低血小板减少发生率［RR=0.53，95% CI（0.28，0.98），P<0.05］，降低恶心呕吐发生率［RR=0.57，95% CI（0.47，0.70），P<0.01］，降低腹泻发生率［RR=0.30，95% CI（0.14，0.65），P<0.05］。敏感性分析显示ORR及DCR研究结果稳健，证据可靠。结论 艾迪注射液联合FOLFOX4方案治疗中晚期结直肠癌较单纯化疗可明显提高疗效，改善患者生活质量，降低相关不良反应发生率，具有良好的疗效和安全性。但鉴于本研究局限性，尚需要高质量、大样本的临床RCT对研究结果进一步验证。     

Fcγ receptor 3B polymorphism is associated with hypersensitivity reactions to adalimumab in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: To examine the association between Fcγ receptor (FcγR) polymorphisms and the development of hypersensitivity reactions to adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: Sixty-five patients receiving adalimumab were enrolled in the study. Genetic polymorphisms for FcγR3B were genotyped in FCGR3B NA1/2 alleles by real allelic discrimination assay. Clinical information and the occurrence of a hypersensitivity reaction to adalimumab were collected from the patients’ charts.

Results: A hypersensitivity reaction was observed in 12% of the patients. Clinical information obtained from patients with a reaction and those without were the same. The FCGR3B NA1/NA1, NA1/NA2, and NA2/NA2 alleles were found in 75%, 13%, and 13% of the patients with hypersensitivity reaction, respectively, and in 28%, 42%, and 30% of those without a hypersensitivity reaction, respectively (p?=?0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified only the NA1/NA1 as an independent relevant factor for a hypersensitivity reaction to adalimumab (OR 7.7, p?=?0.01).

Conclusions: The FCGR3B NA1/NA1 genotype is associated with hypersensitivity reactions to adalimumab.     

参附针联合左卡尼汀针治疗透析相关性低血压的临床疗效观察

目的对参附针联合左卡尼汀针治疗透析相关性低血压的临床疗效进行分析。方法资料选自2011年10月~2014年3月在本院接受治疗的尿毒症患者28例,以参附针联合左卡尼汀针作为主要治疗手段。结果 治疗后患者出现低血压的次数和几率明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 予以透析相关性低血压患者参附针联合左卡尼汀针治疗,能够提升透析效果。     

Subcutaneous injection pain with C.E.R.A., a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator,compared with darbepoetin alfa

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study assessed injection site pain following subcutaneous (SC) administration with a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (C.E.R.A.), compared with darbepoetin alfa in healthy adults.

Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-centre, single-blind, three-way crossover study, subjects received one of six treatment sequences (ABC/ACB/BAC/BCA/CBA/CAB) involving SC injection of (A) C.E.R.A. 50?μg, (B) darbepoetin alfa 50?μg, or (C) placebo on days 1, 29, and 57. An initial pilot phase (n = 12) was used to determine the sample size for the confirmatory phase (n = 72), and data were combined for the final analysis (n = 84).

Main outcome measures: The primary endpoint was pain on the 100?mm visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after dosing. Secondary endpoints included VAS at 1 hour after dosing and pain on the six-point verbal rating scale (VRS) immediately and at 1 hour after dosing.

Results: C.E.R.A. was associated with significantly less pain immediately after SC injection compared with darbepoetin alfa: least squares mean VAS 21.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.5, 25.5) versus 33.4 (95% CI: 28.4, 38.4) (?p < 0.0001). Incidence of pain on the VRS was lower with C.E.R.A. compared with darbepoetin alfa immediately after dosing (?p < 0.0001). One hour after administration, most subjects had no VRS pain. A study limitation is the small sample size and the findings need to be confirmed in a large trial of chronic kidney disease patients.

Conclusions: SC injection with C.E.R.A. is significantly less painful than SC darbepoetin alfa in healthy adults. Treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease with SC injection of C.E.R.A. may provide a lower pain burden compared with darbepoetin alfa.     

炎琥宁联合更昔洛韦治疗小儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻的临床疗效

目的：观察炎琥宁联合更昔洛韦治疗小儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻的疗效。方法选取2010年5月-2013年12月延安市人民医院确诊的小儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻患儿235例，随机分为治疗组（120例）和对照组（115例）。对照组在常规治疗基础上静脉滴注更昔洛韦注射液，5 mg/（kg·d）加入5%葡萄糖注射液150 mL，15滴/min，1次/d。治疗组静脉滴注炎琥宁注射液，10 mg/（kg·d）加入250 mL葡萄糖注射液中，1次/d；其他治疗同对照组。两组患者均持续治疗5 d。治疗结束后比较两组患儿临床治疗总有效率、症状消失时间、人轮状病毒抗原（RV-Ag）转阴率及不良反应情况。结果治疗后，治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为91.7%、71.3%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组体温恢复时间、呕吐消失时间、腹泻改善时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗3 d后，治疗组患儿大便RV-Ag转阴率为85.8%，对照组转阴率为71.3%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；治疗5 d后，治疗组转阴率为100.0%，对照组转阴率为91.3%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组均未发生严重不良反应。结论炎琥宁联合更昔洛韦治疗小儿轮状病毒感染性腹泻有较好的临床疗效，不良反应轻微，值得临床推广应用。     

“I felt like a superhero”: The experience of responding to drug overdose among individuals trained in overdose prevention

BackgroundOverdose prevention programs (OPPs) train people who inject drugs and other community members to prevent, recognise and respond to opioid overdose. However, little is known about the experience of taking up the role of an “overdose responder” for the participants.MethodsWe present findings from qualitative interviews with 30 participants from two OPPs in Los Angeles, CA, USA from 2010 to 2011 who had responded to at least one overdose since being trained in overdose prevention and response.ResultsBeing trained by an OPP and responding to overdoses had both positive and negative effects for trained “responders”. Positive effects include an increased sense of control and confidence, feelings of heroism and pride, and a recognition and appreciation of one's expertise. Negative effects include a sense of burden, regret, fear, and anger, which sometimes led to cutting social ties, but might also be mitigated by the increased empowerment associated with the positive effects.ConclusionFindings suggest that becoming an overdose responder can involve taking up a new social role that has positive effects, but also confers some stress that may require additional support. OPPs should provide flexible opportunities for social support to individuals making the transition to this new and critical social role. Equipping individuals with the skills, technology, and support they need to respond to drug overdose has the potential to confer both individual and community-wide benefits.