Immobilized β-cyclodextrin as a simple and recyclable method for cholesterol removal in milk

This study was designed to determine the optimum conditions of three different factors (mixing time, mixing temperature, and tube size) in reduction of cholesterol in milk using immobilized beta-CD beads. Immobilized beta-CD glass beads were prepared at different conditions of silanization and beta-CD immobilization reactions. In result, the glass beads (diameter 1 mm) at 20 mM 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and 30 mM beta-CD without base showed the highest cholesterol removal rate as 41%. Using above immobilized beta-CD glass beads, the cholesterol removal rate was 40.2% with 6 h of mixing time in 7 mm diameter tube at 10 degrees C. After cholesterol removal from milk, the glass beads were washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. In recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate was 41%, which was mostly same as that using new glass beads. These results indicated that cholesterol removal rate was about 40% with beta-CD immobilized glass beads, however, the recycling efficiency was almost 100%.     

分子吸附再循环系统治疗重症肝炎的护理

分子吸附再循环系统(Molecular Adsorbent Recycling System,MARS)是一种新型人工肝支持系统。我们已应用该系统成功治疗了45例患者,取得了良好的效果。详细地观察,认真的护理对于预防并发症,提高治疗效果具有重要作用。     

4-Ammopyridine-induced ultrastructural alterations of pinched-off nerve terminals from rat cerebral cortex

Summary Pinched-off nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from rat cerebral cortex were depolarized with 60 mM KCl and treated with 20 mM 4-aminopyridine in order to evaluate ultrastructural alterations. The empty presynaptic terminals were counted and their number was given as a percentage of the normal terminals. The proportion of empty terminals increased from 10.47±1.56% to 32.45±1.88% (P < 0.001) following treatment with 20 mM 4-aminopyridine. This effect of 4-aminopyridine depended on the presence of Ca⁺⁺ in the incubation medium. The results are discussed in terms of facilitation by 4-aminopyridine of exocytotic transmitter release. We think that the increase of the empty synaptosomes was due to the exhaustion or inhibition of the synaptic vesicle recycling mechanism.The work was supported by the Hungarian Ministry of Health (Grant No. 05/4-01/449) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 375/82/3.2)     

Potential benefits of environmental volunteering programs of the health of older adults: a pilot study

PurposeTo study the effects of participating in a 12-week environmental volunteering program on the physical performance of older adults across different age groupsMaterials and MethodsWe conducted a pretest–posttest pilot study with a single group. The intervention consisted of twice-weekly recycling activities and once-weekly rehabilitation exercise at community-based care centers. The recycling activities of the environmental volunteering program included sorting and handling paper products, plastics, and metals; disposing electronic products; and sorting clothes. The rehabilitation exercise program comprised a 90-min course for special needs and 30 min of health education. The evaluation tools were the handgrip strength, five-times-sit-to-stand test, sit-and-reach test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and usual and fast gait speeds.ResultsIn total, 45 participants completed the program. After the program, the participants showed significantly great improvements compared to baseline in all outcome measures. We further divided these participants into two age subgroups [65–75 years (n = 31) and >75 years (n = 14)]. The 65–75-year subgroup only showed significant improvements in handgrip strength, TUG and usual gait speed. However, the >75-year subgroup showed significant improvements in all outcome measures.ConclusionsThis innovative environmental volunteering program conducted in a local Taiwanese community can be a sustainable and feasible model to improve physical performance in the participants, the subgroup aged >75 years in particular. It also provides a potential avenue for researchers and policymakers to address environmental and aging-related issues.     

运用循环经济理念治理我国城市生活垃圾

阐述了循环经济的内涵,探讨了在中国城市垃圾中实行循环经济的方式、方法、措施及对策.     

Peptide loading onto recycling HLA-DR molecules occurs in early endosomes

Presentation of exogenous antigens to MHC class II-restricted T cells can follow two different processing pathways. The classical pathway requires newly synthesized MHC class II molecules, invariant chain and HLA-DM expression, whereas the alternative pathway is independent of protein synthesis, invariant chain and HLA-DM. In both cases, MHC class II molecules associate with peptides derived from exogenous antigens that have been processed in endocytic compartments. Different endosomal/prelysosomal compartments where peptide/MHC class II complexes and HLA-DM molecules accumulate have been described. We show here that the alternative pathway uses an earlier compartment than the classical pathway. Experiments with chemically cross-liniked antigen suggest that recycling MHC class II molecules present rapidly degraded antigens, leading to a rapid immune response to exogenously added influenza virus proteins.