9例青春期宫颈肿瘤性病变诊治分析

目的:分析青春期宫颈肿瘤性病变的临床特征,探讨其诊断和治疗措施。方法:回顾性分析中国人民解放军总医院(简称我院)近十年收治的青春期宫颈肿瘤性病变患者的相关资料。结果:青春期宫颈肿瘤性病变者占同期宫颈病变者的0.04%(9/22 283),9例青春期宫颈肿瘤性病变中7例恶性病变,其中5例误诊。B型超声与磁共振成像(MRI)在宫颈恶性病变的诊断中具有一定应用价值。结论:青春期宫颈肿瘤性病变的诊断应注意临床特点,重视最基本的直肠指诊和生殖系统影像学检查,必要时行妇科双合诊可以降低误诊率;治疗以手术为主,必要时联合放化疗,同时要尽最大可能保留其内分泌及生育功能。     

介入治疗结合大分割三维适形放射治疗原发性肝癌的疗效评价

目的　评价肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)结合大分割三维适形放射治疗 (3 DCRT)肝细胞癌(HCC)的疗效。方法　 1 998年 5月至 1 999年 1 2月 ,81例不能手术切除的HCC患者 ,采用非随机分组方法 ,综合治疗组 4 1例采用TACE结合大分割 3 DCRT ,对照组 4 0例单独行TACE治疗 ,观察近期疗效 ,生存分析用Kaplan Meier法 ,两组生存率比较采用Log rank检验 ,综合治疗组多因素分析采用Cox比例风险模型。结果　综合治疗组和对照组肿瘤缓解率分别为 85 .4 %和 6 5 .0 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,1、2、3年生存率分别为 90 .2 %、75 .6 %、4 4 .6 %和 89.7%、5 8.7%、2 4 .0 % ,两组生存率比较差异有显著性 (P=0 .0 4 39)。两组中位生存期分别为 36和 2 7个月。综合治疗组中 ,Child分级、临床分期及肿瘤直径是影响预后的主要因素 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　综合治疗组较对照组有较好的疗效。综合治疗组中Child分级、临床分期、肿瘤直径对患者的预后有重要影响     

Sphincter-saving surgery in patients with rectal cancer treated by radiotherapy and transanal endoscopic microsurgery: 10 years’ experience

Background/Aims. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a technique which allows minimally invasive full-thickness local excision of rectal tumours with perirectal fat dissection.

Methods. Our study examined a group of 137 selected patients with rectal cancer treated by TEM excision combined with preoperative radiotherapy. The definitive histology was as follows: 37 patients with pT1 stage rectal cancer (27%), 59 with pT2 (43%) and 23 with pT3 (17%). In 18 (13%) patients who underwent a full dose of radiotherapy and TEM, the pathologist did not find cancer cells in the specimen (pT0).

Results. Eleven (8%) patients developed minor complications, whereas three (2%) developed major complications. The perioperative mortality was nil. At the mean follow-up of 46 months (range 6–115 months), we observed seven (5%) local recurrences. Of those, three patients died from systemic spread of the disease at follow-up. The disease-free survival rate in T0 and T1 patients was 100%. The disease-free survival rates in T2 and T3 patients were 81 and 59%, respectively, at a mean follow-up of 46 months.

Conclusions. The application of preoperative radiotherapy and TEM in the treatment of rectal tumours appears feasible, safe and effective in the present study, with optimal preservation of anal sphincter function.     

592例食管癌3DRT的预后分析

目的 分析食管癌3DRT (3DCRT、IMRT)疗效和预后影响因素。方法 2002—2012年间本院接受3DRT食管癌患者592例,其中3DCRT者123例、IMRT 者469例,单纯放疗360例、放化疗232例。中位放疗剂量60 Gy。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS、PFS并Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 3、5年样本数分别为142、53例。1、3、5年OS和PFS率分别为65.3%、34.0%、23.5%和52.1%、28.0%、19.6%。中位OS时间20个月(95%CI为17.9~22.1个月),中位PFS时间14个月(95%CI为11.8~16.2个月)。单因素分析显示影响OS和PFS因素有性别、N分期、M分期、TNM分期、放疗剂量、治疗前体重下降、吸烟和饮酒(P=0.002和0.000、0.000和0.000、0.001和0.000、0.000和0.000、0.000和0.000、0.024和0.026、0.009和0.005、0.000和0.000)。多因素分析显示TNM分期、放疗剂量和性别是影响OS、PFS因素(P=0.000和0.000、0.000和0.001、0.036和0.027)。结论 食管癌3DRT的生存有所提高,临床TNM分期、放疗剂量和性别是影响生存的因素。     

T2-3N0M0期食管癌R0术后失败模式分析——术后放疗潜在价值与意义

目的 比较pT_2-3N₀M₀期食管癌根治术后和术后放疗(3DCRT、IMRT)患者失败模式,探讨术后放疗及放疗范围合理性。方法 回顾分析2004—2009年本院收治的pT_2-3N₀M₀期食管癌病例581例,其中单纯手术543例、术后放疗38例(IMRT 31例、3DCRT 7例)。pT₂N₀M₀期153例、pT₃N₀M₀期428例。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank检验,Cox模型预后多因素分析。结果 两组患者一般临床资料比较中T分期、临床分期不具可比性。随访率为94.7%。单纯手术组失败率为40.3%,术后放疗组为 15.8%( P=0.003)。单纯手术组复发率最高为纵隔(18.5%),其次为锁骨上淋巴结和血道转移(均为10.7%),腹腔淋巴结、吻合口复发率均低(3.0%、3.8%)。pT₂NM₂、pT₃N₂M₂期失败率分别为43.6%、39.0%( P=0.329)。术后放疗组 5年DFS率高于单纯手术组(65.3%、50.8%, P=0.044), 5年OS率未达统计学意义(72.3%、59.2%, P=0.157)。多因素分析结果显示上切缘和脉管瘤栓是影响DFS和OS因素,而性别和细胞分化程度是影响OS因素。结论 pT _2-3N₂M₂期食管癌单纯手术后失败率较高,术后放疗可降低放疗部位失败率且提高DFS,但最终还需进一步加大样本量研究。     

L’irradiation des aires ganglionnaires (sus-claviculaire et mammaire interne) augmente-t-elle la toxicité de la radiothérapie adjuvante mammaire ?

Treatment volume is a major risk factor of radiation-induced toxicity. As nodal irradiation increases treatment volume, radiation toxicity should be greater. Nevertheless, scientific randomised data do not support this fact. However, a radiation-induced toxicity is possible outside tangential fields in the nodal volumes not related to breast-only treatment. Treatment should not be adapted only to the disease but personalized to the individual risk of toxicity for each patient.     

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group Algorithms

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group consists of medical and radiation oncologists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists from multiple comprehensive cancer centers who have developed evidence- and expert opinion-based algorithms for managing metastatic spine disease. The purpose of these algorithms is to facilitate interdisciplinary referrals by providing physicians with straightforward recommendations regarding the use of available treatment options, including emerging modalities such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and percutaneous tumor ablation. This consensus document details the evidence supporting the Working Group algorithms and includes illustrative cases to demonstrate how the algorithms may be applied.

Implications for Practice:

The Metastatic Spine Disease Multidisciplinary Working Group algorithms can facilitate interdisciplinary referrals by providing physicians with straightforward recommendations regarding available treatment options, including emerging modalities such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and percutaneous tumor ablation.     

局部晚期胰腺癌的放射治疗

过去局部晚期胰腺癌主要的非手术治疗方式是化疗,放疗在治疗局部晚期胰腺癌中的作用存在争议.随着精确放疗技术的发展,放疗已逐渐成为局部晚期胰腺癌的主要治疗手段之一.另外,近距离放射性粒子植入技术为局部晚期胰腺的治疗提供了新的路径.但放疗的最佳照射技术、放疗剂量、同步化疗的药物仍无确切标准,有待进一步临床研究.