Dual Differentiation in Small Cell Carcinoma (Oat Cell Carcinoma) of the Lung

Two cases of small cell “undifferentiated” carcinoma (oat cell carcinoma) of the lung with dual neurosecretory and squamous differentiation are reported. One was treated with various regimens of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; the other was untreated at the time of biopsy. By electron microscopy, the same tumor cells showed membrane-bound, dense-core, neurosecretory-type granules and bundles of tonofibrils denoting squamous differentiation. This dual differentiation underlies the difficulty of ascribing an exclusively neural histogenesis to small cell carcinomas with neurosecretory-type granules. It is possible that entoderm-associated neuroectodermal tumors develop features of autochthonous entodermal tumors as a result of microenvironmental influences. An alternative hypothesis would be that small cell tumors are derived from basal reserve bronchoepithelial cells with pluripotentialities.     

Crystal-Deficient Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

Classically, ultrastructural examination of alveolar soft part sarcoma reveals large, dramatic, rhomboid to needlelike crystals with a characteristic substructure. In this study of four cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma, only two exhibited large crystals, which were rare. All four cases, however, exhibited round, electron-dense granules, and in the two cases without large crystals these granules rarely exhibited elongation with the characteristic substructure of alveolar soft part sarcoma that permits definitive diagnosis. Two of these cases had been previously studied at other institutions, where crystals were not identified ultrastructurally and electron microscopy was considered noncontributory. Large crystals, then, may be rare or absent in alveolar soft part sarcoma. Careful search may be necessary to find granules with the characteristic periodic substructure.     

Paclitaxel-induced stress granules increase LINE-1 mRNA stability to promote drug resistance in breast cancer cells

Abnormal expression of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) has been implicated in drug resistance, while our previous study showed that chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) increased LINE-1 level with unknown mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the regulation of LINE-1 mRNA by drug-induced stress granules (SGs). This study aimed to explore whether and how SGs are involved in drug-induced LINE-1 increase and thereby promotes drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We demonstrated that SGs increased LINE-1 expression by recruiting and stabilizing LINE-1 mRNA under drug stress, thereby adapting TNBC cells to chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, LINE-1 inhibitor efavirenz (EFV) could inhibit drug-induced SG to destabilize LINE-1. Our study provides the first evidence of the regulation of LINE-1 by SGs that could be an important survival mechanism for cancer cells exposed to chemotherapy drugs. The findings provide a useful clue for developing new chemotherapeutic strategies against TNBCs.     

小儿肺咳颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿肺炎的疗效及对症状改善和睡眠的影响

目的:分析小儿肺咳颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿肺炎的疗效。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年6月广州中医药大学第一附属医院白云医院儿科收治的小儿肺炎患儿50例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组25例。对照组行常规治疗+孟鲁司特钠,观察组在其基础上联用小儿肺咳颗粒,比较2组疗效。结果:治疗前比较,2组睡眠质量评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组体温恢复时间、咳嗽咳痰改善和肺部啰音消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2周、4周2组PSQI得分较治疗前明显下降且观察组PSQI得分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在小儿肺炎治疗中联合小儿肺咳颗粒和孟鲁司特钠可以缩短患者症状恢复时间,提高睡眠质量,值得应用。     

补青颗粒联合石决明水提液对白内障大鼠眼组织细胞中TFAR19和JNK3蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨补青颗粒联合石决明水提液对白内障大鼠眼组织细胞中TF-1细胞凋亡相关基因19(TFAR19)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK3)蛋白表达的影响。方法选择无特定病原体(SPF)级SD大鼠48只,雌雄各半,根据随机数字表法分为4组:正常组、白内障模型组、阳性对照组和实验组,每组各12只。正常组采用生理盐水滴眼,其余3组均通过亚硒酸钠诱导白内障模型,模型建立后白内障模型组采用生理盐水滴眼,阳性对照组采用莎普爱思滴眼和实验组采用0.25%石决明水提液滴眼+2 g/mL补青颗粒水溶液灌胃,灌胃给药每日2次,滴眼每日1次,每次1滴,持续干预30 d。分别于干预3、10、20、30 d后,蛋白质印迹法检测各组大鼠晶状体组织中TFAR19、JNK3以及pJNK3的表达,检测各组大鼠血清氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)含量。结果干预3、10、20、30 d后,阳性治疗组和实验组晶状体组织中TFAR19相对表达量和p-JNK3/JNK3比值均随治疗时间延长而显著降低(P<0.05)。干预20~30 d后,4组大鼠晶状体组织中TFAR19相对表达量为:正常组<实验组<阳性对照组<白内障模型组,且组间两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预30 d后,4组大鼠视网膜组织中p-JNK3/JNK3水平比较:正常组<实验组<阳性对照组<白内障模型组,且组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组大鼠血清中MDA水平比较:正常组<实验组<阳性对照组<白内障模型组,GSH-Px和T-SOD则为:白内障模型组<阳性对照组<实验组<正常组,且组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论补青颗粒联合石决明水提液可通过抑制大鼠晶状体TFAR19蛋白表达和视网膜JNK3磷酸化,并进一步调节氧化应激反应水平,从而对白内障大鼠发挥治疗作用,且在本研究时间范围内其作用效果随时间增加而增强。     

养胃颗粒联合四联疗法治疗Hp阳性慢性胃炎的疗效

目的探讨养胃颗粒联合四联抗菌法治疗Hp阳性慢性胃炎的疗效及其安全性。方法选取2018年12月至2019年12月Hp相关性慢性胃炎患者120例,按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组给予四联疗法,观察组给予养胃颗粒联合四联疗法,比较两组患者治疗有效率、Hp根除率、血液指标变化及不良反应情况。结果观察组临床治疗总有效率、Hp根除率、血清GAS水平、血清PGⅠ水平和PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论养胃颗粒联合四联抗菌法治疗Hp阳性慢性胃炎的临床效果更优越,能显著提高Hp根除率,并可以减少消化道不良反应和肝损病例。     

复方芪苓配方颗粒治疗大鼠高尿酸血症的作用机制研究

目的 研究复方芪苓配方颗粒对高尿酸血症大鼠的降尿酸作用,并从尿酸排泄途径探讨其作用机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、苯溴马隆组、复方芪苓配方颗粒高、中、低剂量组(9.6,4.8,2.4 g·kg-1),通过腺嘌呤灌胃及氧嗪酸钾皮下注射建立高尿酸血症模型,连续给药14 d。分别测定血清尿酸、肌酐、尿素、尿尿酸水平,计算肾脏尿酸清除率。采用RT-PCR方法分别测定动物肾脏中相关转运体的表达水平;观察肾组织病理改变。结果 与模型组比较,复方芪苓配方颗粒组高尿酸血症大鼠的血清尿酸、肌酐、尿素水平显著降低,其肾脏尿酸清除率显著升高;其肾组织病理改变显示,肾小管内尿酸盐结晶减少,肾小管-间质损伤较轻。复方芪苓配方颗粒可以显著下调肾脏尿酸盐转运体1(URAT1)、葡萄糖转运蛋白9(GLUT9) mRNA的表达,上调有机阴离子转运体1(OAT1) mRNA的表达。结论 复方芪苓配方颗粒能降低高尿酸血症大鼠的血清尿酸水平并减轻肾组织病理损害,其作用机制可能是通过调节尿酸转运体的表达水平,以降低肾脏尿酸盐重吸收能力、增加尿酸盐分泌,从而促进尿酸排泄。     

Adiponectin induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo at a low glucose concentration

Aims/hypothesis A decrease in plasma adiponectin levels has been shown to contribute to the development of diabetes. However, it remains uncertain whether adiponectin plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion. In this study, we investigated whether adiponectin may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro. Methods The effect of adiponectin on insulin secretion was measured in vitro and in vivo, along with the effects of adiponectin on ATP generation, membrane potentials, Ca²⁺ currents, cytosolic calcium concentration and state of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, insulin granule transport was measured by membrane capacitance and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) analysis. Results Adiponectin significantly stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets to approximately 2.3-fold the baseline value in the presence of a glucose concentration of 5.6 mmol/l. Although adiponectin had no effect on ATP generation, membrane potentials, Ca²⁺ currents, cytosolic calcium concentrations or activation status of AMPK, it caused a significant increase of membrane capacitance to approximately 2.3-fold the baseline value. TIRF analysis revealed that adiponectin induced a significant increase in the number of fusion events in mouse pancreatic beta cells under 5.6 mmol/l glucose loading, without affecting the status of previously docked granules. Moreover, intravenous injection of adiponectin significantly increased insulin secretion to approximately 1.6-fold of baseline in C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions/interpretation The above results indicate that adiponectin induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. M. Okamoto and M. Ohara-Imaizumi contributed equally to this study.     

Effect of Rougan Huaqian granules combined with human mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on liver fibrosis in cirrhosis rats

Objective:To observe the effect of Rougan Huaqian granules combined with human mesenchymal stem cell(hMSC)transplantation on the liver fibrosis in carbon tetrachlorideinduced cirrhosis rats.Methods:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into live groups.The rats in control group received intraperitoneal injection of saline,while those in model control group,treatment group A,group B and group C received intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride oily solution to induce liver cirrhosis within 8 weeks.Then,the rats in the model control group,treatment group A,treatment group B,treatment group C received vein tail injection of saline,Rougan Huaqian granules,hMSC suspension and Rougan Huaqian granules combined with hMSC suspension.Results:The treatment groups had significantly different liver function(AST levels),liver fibrosis index(laminin and HA),hepatic sinusoidal wallsα-smooth muscle actin,Ⅳcollagen and laminin protein expression andⅠ,Ⅲcollagen from the model group(P0.05).The transplanted cells showed human hepatocyte-like cells differentiation trend in the liver.Conclusions:The Rougan Huaqian granules combined with hMSC transplantation can alleviate liver fibrosis in cirrhosis rats.