Reactivation during encoding supports the later discrimination of similar episodic memories

Episodic memory is characterized by remembering events as unique combinations of features. Even when some features of events overlap, we are later often able to discriminate among them. Here we ask whether hippocampally mediated reactivation of an earlier event when a similar one occurs supports subsequent memory that two similar but not identical events occurred (mnemonic discrimination). In two experiments, participants viewed objects (Experiment 1) or scenes (Experiment 2) during functional MRI (fMRI). After scanning, participants had to remember whether repeated items had been identical or similar. In Experiment 2, representational similarity between the 1st and 2nd presentation predicted participants' ability to remember that the presentations were different, suggesting that the first item was reactivated while viewing the second. A similar but weaker result was found in Experiment 1 that did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Furthermore, both experiments yielded evidence that the hippocampus was involved in reactivation; hippocampal pattern similarity (and, in Experiment 2, hippocampal activity during the 2nd presentation) correlated with pattern similarity in several regions of visual cortex. These results provide the first fMRI evidence that hippocampally mediated reactivation contributes to the later memory that two similar, but different events occurred. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

男性型脱发患者头皮雄激素受体表达的研究

目的:了解男性型脱发患者头皮雄激素受体(andr ogen r ecept or,AR)表达情况。方法:对来自10例男性AGA患者和3例正常人的头皮,采用免疫组化的方法检测男性型脱发患者头皮不同区域AR的表达。结果:患者不同部位总的AR表达比较,均有明显差异(P<0.05),脱发区最强,且均明显强于正常对照组(P<0.05)。在毛囊隆突部和毛囊漏斗部,脱发交界区及脱发区的AR表达强于枕部非脱发区及正常对照组(P<0.05);在表皮,枕部非脱发区、脱发交界区及脱发区AR表达强度无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均明显强于正常对照组(P<0.05)。在皮脂腺部位,各组的AR表达强度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:男性型脱发患者不同区域头皮AR的表达是有区别的;毛囊隆突部和漏斗部,交界区及脱发区AR表达明显增强,可能是男性型脱发的重要原因之一。     

Eph and Ephrin Signaling in Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and Cancer

The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-bound ligands, the ephrins, play a central role in pattern formation during embryonic development and there is growing evidence that they are also instrumental in the control of tissue dynamics in the adult. The mammary gland is a paradigm for morphogenic processes occurring in the adult, since the gland develops predominantly postnatally and is subjected to continuous cyclic remodeling according to functional demands. Thus, pattern formation and the establishment of a functional organ structure are permanent themes in the mammary gland life cycle. In this paper we summarize the experimental evidence and discuss possible mechanisms by which Ephs and ephrins are modulating mammary epithelial cell adhesion, communication, and migration. Furthermore, we speculate on the different aspects of their influence on normal mammary gland development, function, and carcinogenesis.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞体外成骨分化过程中成骨相关基因的动态表达

目的：系统研究人骨髓间充质干细胞（hBMSCs）体外成骨诱导分化过程中成骨相关基因的表达变化。方法：应用密度梯度离心法分离hBMSCs,取第2代细胞通过流式检测及多向诱导分化方法进行干细胞鉴定;应用RT-PCR法对hBMSCs在体外成骨诱导不同时间点的成骨相关基因表达进行检测。结果：第2代hBMSCs表达间充质干细胞表面标志CD44、CD90,具有成脂和成骨分化潜能。成骨相关基因在诱导早期部分表达,中期均有表达,基因表达大部分在14天达高峰,与矿化相关的基因表达在21天达高峰。结论：hBMSCs体外成骨诱导过程中成骨相关基因呈动态表达,其表达时序与成骨细胞生理发育基本相似。     

不同T2WI信号子宫肌瘤超声造影分析

目的对行高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融治疗的不同T2信号的子宫肌瘤行CEUS定量分析及动态血管模型(DVP)参数成像。方法对16例行HIFU治疗的单发子宫肌瘤患者,依据术前MRI T2WI信号不同分为高信号组(n=6)、等信号组(n=4)、低信号组(n=6),于HIFU治疗前行CEUS并利用SonoLiver CAP软件对其行定量分析,以子宫肌瘤与周围肌层增强水平差值为参数行DVP参数成像构建。结果 3组峰值强度、上升时间、达峰时间、平均渡越时间分别为:高信号组为(235.40±35.46)%、(22.80±3.16)s、(25.09±2.44)s、(125.78±27.63)s,等信号组为(71.97±2.43)%、(24.85±3.22)s、(32.81±3.92)s、(66.52±3.48)s,低信号组为(16.17±2.83)%、(25.42±2.66)s、(32.82±3.76)s、(64.27±3.33)s,3组间各参数比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。高信号、低信号组子宫肌瘤的DVP曲线主要表现为未消退型和负向型。结论 CEUS参数成像分析和DVP参数图可直观、动态、定量地反映不同T2信号子宫肌瘤的血流灌注差异,为HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤提供重要信息。     

Lenke 5C型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸病人弯型特征及矫形疗效的性别差异

目的 探讨不同性别间Lenke 5C型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）病人弯型特征及矫形疗效的差异。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年12月接受后路选择性胸腰椎融合术且有2年以上完整随访资料的Lenke 5C型AIS病人70例,男性组20例,女性组50例。对两组病人术前、术后即刻及末次随访时的胸腰弯/腰弯Cobb角、胸弯Cobb角等冠状面参数,胸椎后凸角（TK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、近端交界性后凸角（PJA）等矢状面参数及脊柱侧凸研究学会-22简明量表调查问卷（SRS-22）评分进行比较分析。结果 男性组不典型弯型的比例高于女性组（20% vs. 12%）,但组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。女性组和男性组的胸腰弯/腰弯Cobb角、胸弯Cobb角均较术前显著改善,且两组病人术后即刻和末次随访时的胸弯Cobb角比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组术后胸腰弯/腰弯矫正率分别为70.6%±12.9%和72.6%±17.9%,末次随访时两组的矫正丢失率分别为5.3%±15.8%和7.6%±15.7%。女性组术前的TK明显低于男性组（19.2°±7.0° vs. 24.5°±14.5°）,术前和术后即刻的矢状面平衡（SVA）均大于男性组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。末次随访时,男性组的近端交界性后凸（PJK）发生率高于女性组（30% vs. 16%）,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。男性组在SRS-22量表疼痛维度上的得分显著高于女性组［（4.8±0.2）分 vs. （3.9±0.5）分］,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 男性Lenke 5C型AIS病人中表现为左胸弯右腰弯的不典型弯型的比例稍高于女性,女性病人的术前和术后即刻的SVA大于男性,但均可获得良好的长期矫形疗效。     

bFGF微球对大鼠背部任意皮瓣存活的影响

目的：研究局部注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）复合明胶微球对SD大鼠背部任意皮瓣存活的影响。方法：采用改良的乳化冷凝法交联制备复合bFGF明胶缓释微球,将其注射于大鼠背部任意皮瓣,24只SD大鼠随机分为bFGF微球组（A组）、bFGF治疗组（B组）和对照组（C组）,术后7天分别进行皮瓣存活率、新生血管计数的检测。结果：术后7天皮瓣的存活率分别为（65.42±2.19）%,（54.38±4.52）%,（45.43±2.71）%,微球组存活率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）且存活质量最好;皮瓣内新生血管计数分别为28.75±2.36,21.28±3.82,18.68±5.44,具有显著性差异。结论：bFGF缓释微球可以促进缺血皮瓣的血管新生,提高皮瓣存活率。     

Planning of traumatological hospital resources for a major winter sporting event as illustrated by the 2005 Winter Universiad

Introduction  The 22nd Student World Winter Games took place in January 2005 in Innsbruck and Seefeld, Austria. Exactly 1,500 athletes of 50 nationalities competed in 69 events in ten winter sports. A total number of 750 functionaries, 800 volunteers and 85,000 spectators participated in the second largest winter sports event behind the Olympic winter games. Aim  The aim of this study was to evaluate the needed resources to ensure traumatological care for an event of that size. Material  At the medical “call-center” all consultations, as well as patient data, diagnosis, and medical treatment were recorded using a preset protocol. Further, all patients treated in the University Hospital Innsbruck were registered with an emphasis on trauma patients. Results  Forty-eight of 65 patients transported to the hospital as a result of the Universiade were trauma patients, 37 of whom were athletes. The gender distribution was 34:14 (m:f). Ice hockey players had the highest rate of injury (25% of all injured athletes), followed by alpine skiers (20.8% of injured athletes). The highest ISS was nine. Forty-three patients got ambulatory treatment, five were admitted to the hospital and surgical treatment was conducted in three cases. Mean patient number was 4.8 per day. No additional personnel, structural, or technical hospital resources were needed to accommodate a large winter sports event like the Universiad. Thus, a level-B trauma center with an emergency room and independent traumatological department with around the clock surgical capability seems to be sufficient to provide traumatological care for an event of this size if the possibility of patient transport to a larger facility exists in the case of catastrophic events.