Preparation and characterization of triclosan nanoparticles intended to be used for the treatment of acne

This work focuses on the preparation and characterization of nanoparticles containing triclosan. Additionally, in vitro percutaneous permeation of triclosan through pig ear skin was performed, and comparisons were made with two commercial formulations: An o/w emulsion and a solution, intended for the treatment of acne. The nanoparticle suspensions were prepared by the emulsification-diffusion by solvent displacement method, using Eudragit® E 100 as polymer. All batches showed a size smaller than 300 nm and a positive Zeta potential, high enough (20-40 mV) to ensure a good physical stability. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies suggested that triclosan was molecularly dispersed in the nanoparticle batches containing up to 31% of triclosan, with good encapsulation efficiency (95.9%). The results of the in vitro permeation studies showed the following order for the permeability coefficients: Solution > cream ≈ nanoparticles; while for the amount retained in the skin, the order was as follows: cream > nanoparticles ≈ solution. Nanoparticles, being free of surfactants or other potentially irritant agents, can be a good option for the delivery of triclosan to the skin, representing a good alternative for the treatment of acne.     

Percutaneous endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms: Clinical evaluation and literature results

Abstract

In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of percutaneous endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (p-EVAR). Anatomically selected patients treated with a single 10Fr Perclose Prostar XL vascular closure device (VCD) were examined. Primary success rate and common femoral artery (CFA) open conversion (OC) requirement per sheath size used were recorded. A literature review on p-EVAR results was also performed. One-hundred patients were enrolled. Successful p-EVAR was achieved in 183 of the 196 CFA access sites (93.4%), and was specifically 85.9% and 98.3% for sheaths ≥20Fr and ≤18Fr respectively. There were 13 periprocedural complications (bleeding = 10, arterial dissection and thrombosis = 1, pseudoaneurysm = 2) all leading to OC. Use of ≥20Fr sheaths had significantly higher OC rate (P < .05). Reconstruction was achieved with primary repair (N = 11) and patch angioplasty (N = 2). Mean hospital stay was 1.8 days. The literature review (vascular closure of 2921 CFA access sites) revealed an overall technical success rate of 92.3%. Device related- were more common than patient related-OCs (P < .05). p-EVAR procedures are safe and feasible. Sheath size is a significant predictor of OC rate and more OCs might be expected with very large (≥20Fr) sheath sizes.     

髂-股动脉阻塞性病变的介入治疗及临床疗效随访

目的 探讨动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变的介入治疗和临床疗效. 资料与方法 52例动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变患者行血管腔内成形术(PTA)/支架置入术,对其临床症状(按Fontaine分型和踝/肱指数)的变化进行随访. 结果 52例共计112支病变血管,74支进行PTA及支架置入术,24支仅行PTA,14支未行处理,共置入87枚支架,支架均成功置入于髂/股动脉内,技术成功率为100%.临床随访1～24月,Fontaine分型提高1、2和3级的例数分别是21、22和2例,5例无变化,1例下降1级(1例因1周后行膝下截肢术,不计入临床症状的随访);踝/肱指数术前为0.57±0.14,术后1、6、12和24个月分别为0.91±0.21、0.90±0.04、0.87±0.08和0.86±0.16,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 介入治疗动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,其近期临床疗效确切.     

择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术前负荷剂量他汀治疗对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗相关炎症及心肌损害的影响

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前阿托伐他汀预治疗对PCI相关炎症及心肌损害的影响。方法 86例拟行择期PCI的冠心病病例随机分为A组(n=30)、B组(n=26)和C组(n=30)。A组与B组术前48小时开始分别口服20mg、80mg阿托伐他汀,C组术前不服用阿托伐他汀。术后A组及C组均口服阿托伐他20mg/d,B组口服阿托伐他汀40mg/d。测定术前、术后中性粒细胞计数、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、心肌酶、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、肝功能、肾功能、血脂,计算围手术期急性心肌梗死(MI)的发生率。结果 PCI术后hs-CRP、中性粒细胞计数显著升高(P<0.05);与A组和C组比较,B组△hs-CRP值显著降低,术后血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、cTnT降低,围手术期MI的发生率降低,术后血脂达标率最高(P<0.05)。3组PCI术前术后肝功能、肾功能、肌酸激酶等指标差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 PCI术前48小时阿托伐他汀80mg治疗可以通过抑制PCI相关炎症,对心肌具有一定的保护作用,减少围手术期MI的发生率,且与A组和C组比较,在药物安全性上没有差别。     

Management of liver hydatid cysts – Current perspectives

Human hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval form of cestode Echinococcus granulosus still continues to a common problem in health care environments as different as Europe/North America and resource poor countries of the South America and the East. The Liver is the most frequently parasatized organ in humans. While ultrasonography remains the main diagnostic tool, computed tomography and serology improve the accuracy of diagnosis in Liver hydatid cysts (LHC). Although surgery is the only modality applicable over the entire spectrum of the disease, systemic chemotherapy and percutaneous drainage have evolved as alternative therapies in the last three decades. Various laparoscopic techniques have also been described for safe and optimal management of this entity. In this paper, we review the current management procedures of LHC with particular emphasis on the evidence base and setting specific problems.     

动态检测基质金属蛋白酶在预测经皮冠脉介入术后支架内再狭窄的意义

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶MMP-1、MMP-9与经皮冠脉介入术后再狭窄的关系.方法 回顾性分析165例经皮冠脉介入（PCI）术后患者,其中造影检查证实无再狭窄组140例,共183个病变;再狭窄组25例,共30个病变;比较两组外弹力膜横截面积、最小管腔面积、内膜增生面积、斑块面积;术前及术后均行基质金属蛋白酶检测,分析PCI术前术后两组MMP-1、MMP-9的变化.结果 再狭窄组有更大的内膜增生面积、斑块面积及更少的最小管腔面积;两组患者术前及术后的MMP-1水平无明显差异,无再狭窄组术前术后MMP-9水平差异无统计学意义（P 〉 0.05）,而再狭窄组术后MMP-9明显升高（P 〈 0.05）.结论 经皮冠脉介入术后支架内再狭窄患者MMP-9水平升高,与再狭窄有明显相关性.     

经皮肾镜联合球囊扩张治疗复发性肾结石合并输尿管上段狭窄18例报告

目的 探讨经皮肾镜联合球囊扩张治疗复发性肾结石合并输尿管上段狭窄的方法与疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2008年6月至2011年6月收治18例有肾及输尿管上段开放手术史、术后残留或复发肾结石合并输尿管上段狭窄患者的资料.男8例,女10例.年龄27～48岁.其中合并肾积水2～4 cm者14例,5～6 cm者3例,＞6 cm者1例.合并结石＜1 cm者15例,1～～3 cm者2例,＞3 cm者1例.应用经皮肾镜超声气压弹道碎石取石,联合使用球囊扩张治疗.统计分析结石清除率、肾积水变化情况及并发症,对比手术前后IVU造影及CTU检查结果情况. 结果 18例均成功建立通道,无中转开放手术病例.术后第3天肾出血1例(6％),予超选择肾动脉栓塞止血成功；双J管位置不佳1例,予内镜下调整.结石完全清除16例(89％),1例肾下盏残留结石＜5 mm未予处理,1例残留肾结石合并感染,反复治疗无效者行脓肾切除术.术后随访6～ 36个月,平均12个月,肾积水明显减少14例；肾积水无明显变化3例,再狭窄行球囊扩张后好转,术后患者IVU或CTU肾显影改善. 结论 经皮肾镜超声气压弹道联合球囊扩张是治疗复发性肾结石合并输尿管上段狭窄安全有效的方法.