影响卵巢癌患者持续性化疗的相关因素及对策

目的探讨影响卵巢癌患者持续性化疗的相关因素及应采取的相应对策。方法对十堰市人民医院2009年6月～2010年6月妇科收治的30例不愿持续性化疗的卵巢癌患者,通过交谈法、倾听法、电话随访方式进行调查,分析其不愿持续性化疗的原因,进行有针对性的心理疏导、相关知识宣教,并采取经济支持、健康教育、社会支持等措施。结果 30例患者都愉快地接受持续性化疗。结论实施有效的伦理干预、健康教育、社会支持等措施,可以促进卵巢癌患者坚持化疗,以延长其生命并提高其生活质量。     

癌症患者心理韧性的影响因素及护理干预体会

目的：探讨癌症患者的心理韧性特点和影响因素，实施相应的护理干预策略，促进癌症患者的临床护理效果。方法：根据国外心理学专家对心理韧性的研究理论，结合临床不同类型、不同病期癌症患者的心理韧性表现，采取适宜的护理对策。结果：癌症患者心理韧性的异常影响因素有效的得到改善，从而提高癌症患者的自我效能和生存质量，延长生存期。结论：对癌症患者心理韧性的研究进一步细化，为癌症患者的身、心健康提供了一个新视角。     

应用中国商环行儿童包皮环切的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预对应用中国商环行包皮环切的儿童治疗效果的影响。方法商环包皮环切术100例,按门诊单双分为护理组和对照组,各50例。护理组行针对性护理干预措施,对照组未采取护理。比较两组术中术后24h疼痛评分、术后并发症发生率、伤口愈合情况及满意度。结果护理组疼痛程度、并发症发生率低、伤口愈合时间短且满意度高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论对应用中国商环行包皮环切的儿童护理干预有利于提高疗效。     

Early Intensive Family Intervention and Evidence of Effectiveness: Lessons from the South West Autism Programme

Intervention strategies in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have emanated from a range of theoretical perspectives with a consensus view that the greatest impact on children's subsequent development is likely to occur when this work is early, intensive and focuses on young children in the context of the family. Controversies in ASD intervention have arisen in relation to claims for effectiveness, particularly for versions of Applied Behavioural Analysis. Taking account of user perspectives, the evidence base for ASD intervention is considered, distinguishing between experimental work that identifies a treatment effect and research that establishes ecological validity. In order to move practice forward, research is required to address which programme components are helpful for which children and which families in which contexts. Drawing on current intervention research (South West Autism Programme), this paper concludes by outlining some of the factors that need to be considered in shaping future ASD research and ASD service provision.     

A systematic review of community-based parenting interventions for adolescents with challenging behaviours

Parenting skills training is an established means of treating challenging behaviours among young children, but there has been limited research on its efficacy when used to treat challenging adolescent behaviour. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of community-based parenting interventions designed for families with adolescents, as judged in terms of increased knowledge and skills among parents, improvements in adolescent behaviour, and program feasibility within community settings. Results indicated that intervention group parents typically made greater gains than did control group parents on measures of good parenting, with positive flow-on effects to some aspects of challenging adolescent behaviours. Limited evidence suggests that group and individual intervention formats may be equally effective and that there is no advantage to the participation of the target adolescent in the intervention.     

Interventions for caregivers of children who disclose sexual abuse: A review

The importance of interventions for non-offending caregivers following the disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA) is increasingly recognised in the literature. These interventions are particularly important given what is currently known about the impact of CSA disclosure on non-offending caregivers and the value of caregiver support in assisting their children's recovery. This review provides summary background information on the prevalence and short-term impact of CSA on children, with a particular focus on variables that mediate outcomes including caregiver support. The impact of a child's disclosure on the non-offending caregiver is discussed considering both the emotional effects and changes in their support networks. Furthermore, we examine the associated needs of non-offending caregivers including information, emotional support, support around their own victimisation if relevant, and parenting assistance. Finally, we provide a detailed review of the specific interventions available for caregivers after such a disclosure is made. These interventions include those that just provide information, support groups, psycho-educational groups, support incorporated into the child's intervention, and individual caregiver support. We conclude that interventions for non-offending caregivers are vital in the recovery of the child and their caregiver following CSA and discuss future research considerations.     

Exploring the longitudinal association between interventions to support the transition to secondary school and child anxiety

School transition at around 11-years of age can be anxiety-provoking for children, particularly those with special educational needs (SEN). The present study adopted a longitudinal design to consider how existing transition strategies, categorized into cognitive, behavioral or systemic approaches, were associated with post-transition anxiety amongst 532 typically developing children and 89 children with SEN. Multiple regression analysis indicated that amongst typically developing pupils, systemic interventions were associated with lower school anxiety but not generalized anxiety, when controlling for prior anxiety. Results for children with SEN differed significantly, as illustrated by a Group × Intervention type interaction. Specifically, systemic strategies were associated with lower school anxiety amongst typically developing children and higher school anxiety amongst children with SEN. These findings highlight strategies that schools may find useful in supporting typically developing children over the transition period, whilst suggesting that children with SEN might need a more personalized approach.     

Use of the burn intervention score to calculate the charges of the care of burns

Background

To our knowledge this is the first published estimate of the charges of the care of burns in Sweden. The Linköping Burn Interventional Score has been used to calculate the charges for each burned patient since 1993. The treatment of burns is versatile, and depends on the depth and extension of the burn. This requires a flexible system to detect the actual differences in the care provided. We aimed to describe the model of burn care that we used to calculate the charges incurred during the acute phase until discharge, so it could be reproduced and applied in other burn centres, which would facilitate a future objective comparison of the expenses in burn care.

The intervention priorities of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders in Iran

When designing and implementing evidence-based programs for children with an autism spectrum disorder, the intervention priorities of parents are important criteria. Although studies in developed countries have explored parents’ intervention priorities, there is a paucity of this kind of research in developing countries. This research explores the intervention priorities of 207 Iranian parents for their children with autism in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Participants with children between 2 to 21 years of age were asked to rate their intervention priorities from among 10 main categories. In addition, correlations between children’s difficulties and parental intervention priorities were examined.The results indicate that building social communication skills was the highest intervention priority for parents of Iranian children with autism, a contrast to typical current service provision in Iran. The results also substantiated that presence of social communication difficulties and challenging behaviors in children are typically correlated with parents' intervention priorities.     

直肠癌介入治疗配合中医药的临床应用

为了提高中晚期直肠癌生存时间及改善患者生活质量，我们采用介入治疗后，配合健脾和胃、补气养血及补益脾肾的中药口服，对43例不能或不愿意手术切除的中晚期直肠癌患者给予治疗，取得满意疗效。