双因素理论在护士夜班管理中的应用

目的 探讨双因素理论在血液净化中心护士夜班管理中的作用。方法 调查血液净化中心37位护理人员的职称、学历、年龄、工龄、工作能力及科研水平等状况，综合考虑后制定新的管理制度应用于护士夜班管理中，观察新制度实施前后成效。结果 新的夜班管理制度实施以来，全区护士的满意度、学习热情、继续教育、竞争意识、服务意识、工作态度、管理水平及科研水平等较前差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 科学、合理的夜班护理管理制度，并结全适当的激励制度有利于实现护理管理目标。     

骨伤科术后盗汗的辨证论治

目的对骨伤科术后盗汗进行辨证分型、治疗。方法根据骨科术后盗汗患者的症状及体征,总结规律,进行分型,行辩证论治。结果术后盗汗分为气血亏虚证、阴虚火旺证、肝气郁结证、气滞血瘀及气阴两虚证五型。结论中医辨证治疗骨伤科术后盗汗疗效显著。     

噻托溴铵联合夜间氧疗对COPD患者夜间睡眠低氧的疗效

目的：观察噻托溴铵联合夜间氧疗对COPD患者夜间睡眠低氧的治疗效果。方法：对我院87例存在不同程度夜间睡眠低氧情况的稳定期COPD患者进行随机分组研究,观察组采用噻托溴铵联合夜间氧疗,对照组单用夜间氧疗,对两组患者在夜间血氧饱和度和肺功能的变化进行处理分析。结果：两组患者治疗前血氧饱和度以及肺功能均较正常值低,治疗后两组患者的血氧饱和度及肺功能均有好转,观察组优于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论：噻托溴铵联合夜间氧疗对COPD患者夜间睡眠低氧症有明显的治疗效果,能够有效改善患者的夜间血氧饱和度和肺功能,并且在疗效上优于单用夜间氧疗者。     

晚间护理干预对肝硬化消化道出血患者的影响

目的 探讨晚间护理干预对肝硬化消化道出血患者的影响.方法 选取60例消化道出血患者,随机分为两组,各30例.对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上,采用晚间护理干预,比较两组的临床疗效.结果 观察组的出血停止时间、平均住院时间短于对照组,出院再次出血率、并发症发生率低于对照组,抢救成功率、患者满意度、用药依从性高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 晚间护理干预对肝硬化消化道出血患者的临床疗效好,患者抢救成功率高,并发症发生率低,值得推广应用.     

Differences in composition of sweat induced by thermal exposure and by running exercise

To determine the differences in sweat composition between sweat induced by thermal stress alone and that induced by physical exercise, seven young healthy men first sat in a hot room and then performed running exercise. A 20-minute stay in a climate chamber at 40 degrees C resulted in a 5% reduction in body weight. The same body weight loss was induced by running exercise. Both sodium and chloride concentrations were much lower in the sweat induced by thermal exposure than that induced by the running exercise (p less than 0.01), while urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher after thermal exposure than after the running exercise (p less than 0.01). Potassium concentrations did not differ significantly with either procedure. These findings suggest that sweat composition varies with the kind of induction and that more salt seems to be lost through exercise-induced sweating than by just sitting in a hot environment.     

Modeling Glucose Transport From Systemic Circulation to Sweat

Sweat sensing may provide a noninvasive means of estimating blood biomarker levels if a number of technological hurdles can be overcome. This report describes progress on a physiologically based transport model relating sweat glucose and key electrolyte concentrations to those in blood. Iontophoretically stimulated sweat glucose and fasted blood glucose were simultaneously measured in 2 healthy human subjects. Sweat glucose was measured with a novel, prototype skin sweat collection/analysis system and blood glucose with a commercial fingerstick glucometer. These data, in combination with data from 3 published studies, were used to calibrate a dynamic mathematical model for glucose transport and uptake in human skin, followed by extraction into sweat. Model simulations revealed that experimental and literature sweat glucose values were well represented under varying physiologic conditions. The glucose model, calibrated under a variety of experimental conditions including electrical enhancement, revealed a 10 min blood-to-sweat lag time and a sweat/blood glucose level ranging from 0.001 to 0.02, depending on the sweat rate. These values are consistent with those reported in the literature. The developed model satisfactorily described the sweat-to-blood relationship for glucose concentrations measured under different conditions in 4 human studies including the present pilot study. The algorithm may be used to facilitate sweat biosensor development.     

Integrated omics analysis of sweat reveals an aberrant amino acid metabolism pathway in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disease leading to visual impairment. Its pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our purpose was to investigate the distinctive protein and metabolic profiles of sweat in patients with VKH disease. In the present study, proteomics and metabolomics analysis was performed on 60 sweat samples (30 VKH patients and 30 normal controls) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis was used to validate the results of our omics analysis. In total, we were able to detect 716 proteins and 175 metabolites. Among them, 116 proteins (99 decreased and 17 increased) were observed to be significantly different in VKH patients when compared to controls. Twenty-one differentially expressed metabolites were identified in VKH patients, of which 18 included choline, L-tryptophan, betaine and L-serine were reduced, while the rest were increased. Our multi-omics strategy reveals an important role for the amino acid metabolic pathway in the pathogenesis of VKH disease. Significant differences in proteins and metabolites were identified in the sweat of VKH patients and, to some extent, an aberrant amino acid metabolism pathway may be a pathogenic factor in the pathogenesis of VKH disease.     

High-quality Fluorescence Imaging of the Human Acrosyringium Using a Transparency: Enhancing Technique and an Improved,Fluorescent Solvatochromic Pyrene Probe

Two-photon, excitation fluorescent microscopy featuring autofluorescence or immunofluorescence, combined with optical clearance using a transparency-enhancing technique, allows deep imaging of three-dimensional (3D) skin structures. However, it remains difficult to obtain high-quality images of individual cells or 3D structures. We combined a new dye with a transparency-enhancing technology and performed high-quality structural analysis of human epidermal structures, especially the acrosyringium. Human fingertip skin samples were collected, formalin-fixed, embedded in both frozen and paraffin blocks, sliced, stained with propidium iodide, optically cleared using a transparency-enhancing technique, and stained with a new fluorescent, solvatochromic pyrene probe. Microscopy revealed fine skin features and detailed epidermal structures including the stratum corneum (horny layer), keratinocytes, eccrine sweat glands, and peripheral nerves. Three-dimensional reconstruction of an entire acrosyringium was possible in one sample. This new fluorescence microscopy technique yields high-quality epidermal images and will aid in histopathological analyses of skin disorders.