窒息新生儿脐血神经肽Y含量变化及意义

目的　探讨神经肽Y(neuropeptideY ,NPY)与新生儿窒息的关系。　 方法　采用放射免疫法测定 37例有新生儿窒息孕妇 (窒息组 )及 33例正常妊娠妇女 (对照组 )静脉血及脐血中NPY含量。　结果　 (1)窒息组脐血中NPY含量为 (187.4 7± 4 6 .6 3)ng/L ,对照组为 (115 .33±2 9.4 2 )ng/L。两组比较差异有显著性 (t =3.113,P <0 .0 1) ,重度窒息组与轻度窒息组间差异也有显著性(t=2 .0 0 1,P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )窒息组母血浆NPY含量为 (78.94± 19.5 2 )ng/L ,对照组为 (85 .73±2 2 .95 )ng/L ,两组间差异无显著性 (t =1.72 1,P >0 .0 5 ) ,且轻、重度窒息组间差异也无显著性 (t =1.5 12 ,P >0 .0 5 )。(3)窒息组脐动脉血血气分析 :pH为 (7.0± 0 .1) ,PO2 为 (1.2± 0 .3)kPa ,PCO2为 (8.9± 0 .8)kPa ;NPY水平与脐血pH及PO2 显著负相关 (r =- 0 .4 5 1及 - 0 .4 92 ,P <0 .0 1) ,与PCO2 显著正相关 (r =0 .4 38,P <0 .0 1)。两组母血NPY水平无差异。　结论　NPY参与了新生儿窒息的病理变化过程 ,与新生儿窒息的发生发展密切相关。     

伴情感性精神障碍的甲亢及甲低患者神经肽Y水平研究

目的探讨血浆神经肽Y（NPY）水平对伴情感性精神障碍的甲亢及甲低患者的诊断价值。方法①对临床及血清学已确诊的91例甲亢患者和33例甲低患者，在治疗前用放射免疫分析法测定血浆NPY水平，同时进行汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分。②36名健康体检者作为正常对照组，同时测定血浆NPY水平并进行HAMD、HAMA评分。③对实验组和对照组所有数据进行统计、分析。结果①33例甲低患者NPY水平明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．01），HAMD评分明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），HAMD评分〉20分16人，占甲低患者48．48％，其中〉35分3人，占9．1％。91例甲亢患者的NPY水平及HAMD评分则明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），NAMD评分〉20分29人，占甲亢患者31．87％，其中〉35分1人，占1．1％；HAMA评分明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），〉14分的有43人，占47．25％，其中〉29分4人，占4．4％。结论血清NPY水平的测定可以作为早期确定甲状腺疾病伴随的精神症状证据，对是否给予抗精神病药物治疗提供监测指标。     

针刺联合苓桂术甘汤对维持性血液透析患者口渴的影响

目的:探究针刺联合苓桂术甘汤对维持性血液透析(Maintenance Hemodialysis, MHD)患者口渴的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年1月郑州市中医院收治的MHD口渴患者106例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机法分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组采用常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用针刺联合苓桂术甘汤治疗,均治疗4周。观察2组治疗前后血液学、唾液生化、分泌功能、神经肽、相关评分、刺激唾液量及疗效变化。结果:1)治疗后2组尿素氮、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素、尿素下降率、尿素清除指数、标准化蛋白分解率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2)治疗后2组酸碱度(pH)、唾液流率指数、Na~+/K~+、神经降压素(Neurotensin, NT)、刺激唾液量比值较治疗前均升高,Na~+、K~+、瘦素(Leptin)、血清神经肽Y(NeuropeptideY,NPY)、口渴强度评分、口腔干燥评分、口渴视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3)治疗后观察组临床痊愈率、临床有效率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针刺联合苓桂术甘汤能改善MHD患者唾液分泌功能,提高神经肽,从而改善口渴。     

Involvement of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in pentazocine induced suppression of food intake in rats

The potent orexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been considered as a possible endogenous ligand for a subpopulation of sigma receptors (SigR). However, their mutual interaction with reference to feeding behavior remains poorly understood. In the present study, we explored the possible interaction between sigma1 receptors (Sig1R) agonist, pentazocine, and NPY on food intake in satiated rats. While pentazocine dose-dependently reduced the food intake, NPY significantly increased it at 2, 4 and 6 h post injection time points. In combination studies, pretreatment with NPY (0.1 nmol/rat, intra-PVN) normalized the inhibitory effect of pentazocine (60 μg/rat, intra-PVN) on food intake. Similarly, pre-treatment with pentazocine (30 μg/rat, intra-PVN) significantly antagonized the orexigenic effect of NPY (0.5 and 1.0 nmol/rat, intra-PVN). Moreover, pentazocine treatment decreased NPY immunoreactivity in arcuate (ARC), paraventricular (PVN), dorsomedial (DMH) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of hypothalamus. However, no change was observed in lateral hypothalamus (LH). Study implicates the reduced NPY immunoreactivity for the anorectic effect observed following pentazocine injections. Therefore, the concomitant activation of the NPYergic system along with the Sig1R agonist treatment may serve a useful purpose in the management of the unwanted side effects related to energy homeostasis.     

Neurogenic inflammation in osteoarthritis of the knee

Abstract

The synovium in a knee joint has an extensive neural network in the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. In medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, neuropeptides were most abundant, with an especially large number of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive free nerve endings. Some of the substance P-positive nerve endings were surrounded by monocytes. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were found more frequently in the medial than in the lateral or suprapatellar areas. Substance P-positive free nerve endings showed more dendritic morphologic features in the medial region than those in the lateral and suprapatellar regions, and small nerves were accompanied by newly developed vessels in synovial villi. In the medial region, the synovitis was more remarkable than in the lateral region. Patients suffering from medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee complain of pain on the anteromedial portion of the knee joint when walking or standing. Therefore, these findings suggest that free nerve endings containing substance P may be implicated in the development and persistence of inflammatory synovitis and the pain pathway in osteoarthritis of the knee.     

解毒通腑法对卒中后神经肽Y及心肌酶谱影响的临床观察

目的探讨解毒通腑法对急性脑卒中后血浆神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)水平的影响及与心肌酶谱异常的相关性,探寻中医药防治脑心综合征(Cerebral-cardiac syndrome,CCS)的有效方法。方法收集符合入院条件的急性脑卒中患者134例,其中实验组71例,对照组63例。实验组在常规治疗基础上同时使用我科自研的中药解毒通腑汤,对照组则不口服中药。分次检测血浆神经肽Y与心肌酶谱水平,同时对所得数据进行对比观察。结果实验组血浆神经肽Y水平较对照组降低更显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组心肌酶谱异常率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论解毒通腑法能够显著降低脑卒中患者体内的神经肽Y水平,但是这一水平的改变并没有反映在心肌酶谱异常率的下降趋势上。     

Neuropeptides in epilepsy

Neuropeptides play an important role in modulating seizures and epilepsy. Unlike neurotransmitters which operate on a millisecond time-scale, neuropeptides have longer half lives; this leads to modulation of neuronal and network activity over prolonged periods, so contributing to setting the seizure threshold. Most neuropeptides are stored in large dense vesicles and co-localize with inhibitory interneurons. They are released upon high frequency stimulation making them attractive targets for modulation of seizures, during which high frequency discharges occur. Numerous neuropeptides have been implicated in epilepsy; one, ACTH, is already used in clinical practice to suppress seizures. Here, we concentrate on neuropeptides that have a direct effect on seizures, and for which therapeutic interventions are being developed. We have thus reviewed the abundant reports that support a role for neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin, ghrelin, somatostatin and dynorphin in suppressing seizures and epileptogenesis, and for tachykinins having pro-epileptic effects. Most in vitro and in vivo studies are performed in hippocampal tissue in which receptor expression is usually high, making translation to other brain areas less clear. We highlight recent therapeutic strategies to treat epilepsy with neuropeptides, which are based on viral vector technology, and outline how such interventions need to be refined in order to address human disease.     

枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒对厌食症患儿血清神经肽Y和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平影响及疗效

目的探讨枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒对厌食症患儿血清神经肽Y(NPY)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平影响及疗效。方法选取2012年6月~2014年6月在浙江省嘉兴市妇幼保健院儿童厌食症患者86例,采用随机数字表将其分为观察组(43例)和对照组(43例)。两组患儿均予以纠正患儿不良饮食习惯、健胃消食药和葡萄糖酸锌等常规治疗。观察组患儿加用枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒1.0 g/次,2次/d,温开水冲服。疗程为6周。对照组患儿除不使用枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒外余治疗基本同观察组。观察并记录两组患儿治疗前和治疗6周后血清NPY和TNF-α水平的变化,并比较其治疗后的临床效果及药物不良反应。结果治疗6周后,两组患儿血清NPY和TNF-α水平[观察组:(45.53±7.82)pg/m L,(10.24±2.74)mmol/L;对照组:(37.39±7.53)pg/m L,(8.19±2.13)mmol/L]较治疗前[观察组:(32.17±5.18)pg/m L,(6.82±1.76)mmol/L;对照组:(32.79±4.23)pg/m L,(7.03±1.54)mmol/L]明显上升(t=2.89、3.12、2.31、2.45,P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组上升程度较对照组更明显(t=2.19、2.24,P<0.05);同时观察组患儿临床总有效率(93.02%)较对照组(76.74%)更佳(χ2=4.44,P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗中无明显的药物不良反应发生。结论枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒治疗儿童厌食症的效果较确切,且安全性较好,其作用机制可能与其升高血清NPY和TNF-α水平,提高患儿的食欲密切相关。