From the Cover: Model of genetic variation in human social networks

Social networks exhibit strikingly systematic patterns across a wide range of human contexts. Although genetic variation accounts for a significant portion of the variation in many complex social behaviors, the heritability of egocentric social network attributes is unknown. Here, we show that 3 of these attributes (in-degree, transitivity, and centrality) are heritable. We then develop a “mirror network” method to test extant network models and show that none account for observed genetic variation in human social networks. We propose an alternative “Attract and Introduce” model with two simple forms of heterogeneity that generates significant heritability and other important network features. We show that the model is well suited to real social networks in humans. These results suggest that natural selection may have played a role in the evolution of social networks. They also suggest that modeling intrinsic variation in network attributes may be important for understanding the way genes affect human behaviors and the way these behaviors spread from person to person.     

应用NBCA胶行胃冠状静脉栓塞术的护理配合

目的 探索应用NBCA胶行胃冠状静脉栓塞术的护理配合方法.方法 回顾总结36例肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血患者行胃冠状静脉栓塞术围手术期的护理经验.结果 36例患者胃冠状静脉栓塞手术顺利,无一例因护理配合不当而造成严重并发症.结论 应用NBCA胶行胃冠状静脉栓塞术是一种安全、有效的止血方法,精心熟练的护理配合是保证介入手术顺利进行和确保良好疗效的重要环节.     

经心尖主动脉瓣植入术治疗主动脉瓣疾病的手术配合

目的 探讨经心尖主动脉瓣植入术围手术期护理经验,手术配合方法。方法 回顾性总结我院TAVI团队于2018年6月~2018年12月共完成7例经心尖主动脉瓣植入术的围手术期护理及手术配合经验。结果 所有患者均成功完成手术过程,手术时间110-180min。术后24小时内脱离呼吸机,7-10日出院,除1例需要永久起搏器植入外,其余患者均未见明显并发症。结论 针对需要采用经心尖TAVI手术患者,参加手术的器械护士和巡回护士不仅需掌握各种传统开胸手术器械的性能,熟悉介入耗材型号,患者的术前心理护理及病情观察,还需要参加TAVI团队术前病历讨论,全面了解患者的病变特点及具体手术步骤,针对不同患者术中可能发生的突发事情做好应急预案,以保证手术的顺利进行。     

颈动脉体瘤切除不同术式的配合

颈动脉体瘤又称化学感受器瘤或副神经节瘤、非嗜镉性副神经节瘤.好发于青中年,一般临床较少见,手术切除是有效治疗方式.手术易损伤颈内、颈外动脉和颅神经,且有时为了控制大出血压迫或阻断颈动脉造成脑供血不足,手术风险高.我院1998～2010年共行颈动脉体瘤手术18例,其中1例术日自行放弃手术治疗,2例术中探查肿瘤与动脉分叉处包裹,家属放弃手术,余15例手术切除,现将手术配合报告如下.     

糖尿病足自体骨髓干细胞移植的手术配合

目的 总结糖尿病足患者自体骨髓干细胞移植的手术配合及护理体会.方法 回顾性总结20例糖尿病足患者采取自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗的手术护理配合过程和体会.结果 20例糖尿病足患者在移植手术中,均未发生并发症和严重不良反应,临床症状经过手术治疗均得到不同程度的改善.结论 手术的顺利进行与护士的密切配合息息相关,手术室护士了解手术的方法,密切关注手术进程,严格执行无菌操作技术,为患者提供优质的护理.     

微型磨钻在颈前路手术中的应用与配合

[目的]探讨微型磨钻在颈前路手术中的使用及其护理.[方法]对23例慢性颈脊髓压迫病例用微型磨钻行颈椎前路椎体次全切减压、植骨、内固定.[结果]23例病人术中减压彻底,无一例出现脊髓或椎动脉损伤,手术时间缩短,术后症状明显减轻.[结论]正确合理使用磨钻、充分术前准备、术中密切配合对防止颈前路手术并发症、提高手术效果有重要作用.     

盆底重建术的手术配合与护理

目的探讨器械护士在盆底重建术中的手术配合和护理。方法选择择期手术患者44例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,分为两组各22例。护士组（I组）术中配合由手术室器械护士完成,对照组（C组）术中配合由妇科培训医师完成。观察两组患者进入手术室、术中和手术结束时平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure,MAP）和心率（HR）,记录两组患者手术时间及住院时间。结果两组患者均病愈出院,无任何并发症;进入手术室、术中和手术结束时,两组患者MAP、HR差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组手术及住院时间差异也无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 器械护士熟练操作,完全能达到妇科培训医师对盆底重建术的手术配合要求。     

十二指肠镜联合钬激光、中药治疗肝内外胆管结石的临床观察

目的：探讨腹腔镜联合钬激光、中药治疗肝内外胆管结石的临床疗效。方法：将189例肝内外胆管结石患者分为治疗组89例,对照组100例。2组均行连续硬膜外麻醉,患者取低截石位,给予常规腹腔镜联合钬激光碎石治疗,治疗组于术后同时给予排石汤。结果：治疗组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、尿液转清时间均少于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组结石单次全部清除率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,2组并发症情况对比无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：腹腔镜联合钬激光、中药治疗肝内外胆管结石临床疗效显著。     

Antihistaminic and antiallergic actions of extracts of Solanum nigrum berries: possible role in the treatment of asthma

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther, a widely consumed vegetable in Taiwan, has many biological effects and has been used in folk medicine to alleviate hepatic disorders, exert diuretic effects, and relieve pain and infections. However, little data exist regarding its safety.

Materials and methods

Two genotoxicity assays were performed: chromosomal aberration of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1 cells) (in vitro) and micronucleus assay in mice (in vivo). Acute oral toxicity and 28-day repeated feeding toxicity tests were performed by oral gavage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Results

GWE did not increase micronucleus ratios in vivo, and by chromosome aberration assay, GWE was safe up to 1.2 mg/ml with regard to clastogenicity. Chromatid breakage was observed at high concentrations (2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml) of GWE. GWE had no acute lethal effect at the maximum dose (5 g/kg bw) in rats. In the 28-day study, there were no adverse effects on body weight, feed consumption, hematology, blood biochemical parameters, organ weight, or pathology.

Conclusion

The acute toxicity study showed that the LD₅₀ of GWE was greater than the tested dose (up to 1 g/kg bw) in SD rats. In the subacute toxicity study, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of GWE in rats was 1 g/kg bw. The in vivo study of mammalian erythrocyte micronuclei confirmed the Ames test results, demonstrating that GWE has no mutagenicity. High doses of GWE require further examination due to its clastogenic potential.