腹腔镜诊治不孕症临床观察--附108例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜在不孕症诊治方面的应用价值。方法 对108例不孕症患者行腹腔镜检查和手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 108例不孕症患者腹腔镜下诊断为慢性盆腔炎68例(62．96％)，术后妊娠率40．41％；子宫内膜异位症17例(15．74％)，术后妊娠率29．41％；多囊卵巢综合征11例(10．19％)，术后妊娠率72．73％；子宫肌瘤和卵巢肿瘤各3例，术后妊娠率均为33.33％；生殖器结核2例，术后无1例妊娠；正常盆腔4例，术后妊娠率75．00％。46例患者经腹腔镜诊治后妊娠(妊娠率42．59％)。36例患者(78．26％)腹腔镜术后1年内发生妊娠。结论 腹腔镜在不孕症的诊治过程中有重要作用，是不孕症患者的主要诊治手段。     

精索静脉曲张不育患者的精液质量和精子形态学观察

目的:观察不育伴精索静脉曲张(VC)患者的精液质量和精子形态学变化。方法:98例不育伴VC患者精液按WHO标准常规分析并对精子形态学进行评价。130例正常供精者精液检测结果作为对照。结果:VC患者正常形态精子和前向运动精子明显低于对照组(P<0.001),精子畸形的类型以梨形、锥形和不定型头部畸形为主。结论:VC可导致精子畸形率升高,后者可能是男性生育力受损的重要标志之一,经染色后的精子形态学分析是判定VC患者精子受损的一个敏感指标。     

Is a long period without childbirth a risk factor for developing endometriosis?

Endometriosis was found in 42 (20%) of 206 symptom-free, parous Norwegian women with a mean age of 37 years at the time of sterilization. Case-control analysis between the 42 women with endometriosis and the 164 without endometriosis revealed an increased risk of endometriosis with increasing number of years since the last childbirth. After 10 years without a birth, the odds ratio for endometriosis was 4.5 compared with the first 5 years after the last delivery. An increased risk of endometriosis with increasing age of the women could not be detected. If these findings from women with voluntary infertility are transferred to women with endometriosis associated with involuntary infertility, endometriosis could be a consequence of a long period without childbirth. This might explain why endometriosis is often diagnosed in infertile women.     

精子DNA完整性检测技术研究进展

氧化胁迫、精子染色质包装或分离异常、凋亡异常发生等因素可引起精子DNA损伤。精子DNA完整性异常,会影响受精和胚胎发育,最终导致不孕不育、流产、死产、子代智力低下和染色体疾病。传统的精液检查往往不能找到精子DNA完整性异常患者的不育原因,因此对这部分患者进行精子DNA完整性检查具有更重要的意义。目前已经建立了很多方法来检测精子DNA的完整性,现就常用的精子DNA完整性检测技术的原理、方法、步骤及其临床应用作一综述。     

射精管梗阻性无精子症的诊断与治疗(附46例报告)

目的探讨射精管梗阻性无精子症的诊断及经尿道射精管电切术(TURED)的可行性和疗效。方法回顾分析2003年6月～2005年9月间收治的46例射精管梗阻性无精子症患者的临床资料。采用精液常规分析、精浆果糖测定和经直肠超声检查(TRUS)对其进行诊断,患者均使用TURED治疗,术后随访至少3个月以上。结果46例患者精液量0．4～1．9ml,pH值5．6-7．0,精浆果糖降低,一次射精(0～10．8)μmol。TRUS检查：单纯双侧精囊扩张8例,单侧精囊扩张3例,精囊扩张并射精管扩张18例,精囊扩张合并前列腺囊肿者12例,单纯射精管部分扩张或前列腺囊肿者5例。所有患者均完成手术。术后随访3～28个月,40例(86．96%)精液检查有不同程度的改善,22例(47．82%)精液中出现精子,9例(19．56%)精液检查正常；4例(8．7%)妻子妊娠。结论精液分析、精浆果糖测定和TRUS是射精管梗阻的主要诊断方式。TURED是治疗射精管梗阻性无精子症的首选方法。     

种子转阴汤治疗不孕女性血清抗精子抗体阳性的临床研究

目的 :探讨种子转阴汤治疗不孕女性血清抗精子抗体阳性的治疗机制。方法 :将 6 0例不孕女性血清As Ab(+)患者随机分为中药组 (40例 ,口服种子转阴汤 )及西药组 (2 0例 ,口服泼尼松 ) ,观察治疗前后临床症状改善、免疫指标 (外周血 As Ab;体液免疫 Ig A、Ig M、Ig G;T细胞亚群 CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4 / CD8;RC3b R)的变化 ,检测妊娠结果。结果 :患者存在免疫功能紊乱 ,表现为 CD4、CD4 / CD8、Ig M、Ig G升高 ,CD8、RC3b R降低。治疗前两组在临床表现、免疫指标方面均无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;治疗后 ,两组在降低 CD4、CD4 / CD8、Ig M、Ig G方面无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但中药组能显著升高 RC3b R、CD8(P<0 .0 5 ) ,而西药组 RC3b R显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;两组总有效率无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但在改善临床症状、妊娠率、复发率、流产率方面有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :种子转阴汤能双向调节患者体内存在的免疫功能紊乱 ,改善临床症状 ,可通过多个环节提高孕育率。     

不孕症肝郁病理的生殖内分泌实质研究

目的 :探讨肝郁的病理实质及其与下丘脑—垂体—性腺系统功能紊乱———排卵障碍之间的相关性。方法 :选择原发性不孕症患者 70例 ,正常已产妇女 19例作对照 ,以肝郁病理积分、性激素检测为指标。结果 :1.不孕症患者肝郁积分及肝郁分级均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 .月经周期第 10天 ,肝郁 3级E2 较 0级、2级显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;肝郁分级与性激素间无相关性 ;而PRL与E2 、P、P/E2 呈负相关 (P <0 .0 5～P <0 .0 1) ;PRL与LH、LH/FSH呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 3.月经周期第2 0天 ,肝郁 1级、3级LH较 0级显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;肝郁 3级P较 0级、2级显著增高 ;肝郁 3级PRL较 0级、2级显著升高(P <0 .0 5 ) ;肝郁分级与PRL呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,PRL与LH/FSH呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :“肝为生殖之枢” ,肝郁是不孕症的重要病理环节 ,肝郁———下丘脑—垂体—性腺系统功能紊乱———排卵障碍之间可能存在轴性相关     

Infertility and early parent–infant interactions

Approximately 50% of infertile couples will become parents through pregnancy or adoption, but they experience major difficulties while working towards this goal. Infertility treatments are associated with physical pain and psychological distress, and adoption procedures are prolonged and emotionally stressful. The extent to which these stressors alter the parenting of these couples is not known. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the early parent–infant interactions in infertile couples who become parents through pregnancy or adoption. Two groups of infertile couples (30 who achieved pregnancy and 21 who adopted) and a group of 19 couples without fertility problems were observed interacting with their infants twice, 7 to 21 days after the infant's arrival and a week later, at a time when both parents were at home. Their babies were between 9 days and 5 months of age. Behaviours of the mother, father and infant were recorded every 10 seconds, beginning when the baby was picked up and ending when the baby was put down asleep or 1½ hours had passed. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the three groups over the observations. There were no differences between fertile and infertile biological parents. Adopted infants showed more alertness, less sleeping, more smiles, and more looking than biological infants. Adoptive mothers spent less time as the sole interactor. Adoptive parents spent more time in playing with their infants and held and touched them less than did biological parents. Infertility, therefore, does not appear to affect early parenting. In general, the amounts of behaviours exhibited by infertile biological parents were very close to those of fertile parents. Differences in the behaviours of adoptive as compared to biological parents can best be explained as responses to the behaviours of their older infants, rather than as evidence of different parenting styles.     

Testicular circulatory isolation: a Phase I study

Antineoplastic agents may damage germinal epithelium. Testicular circulatory isolation (TCI) is a regional drug exclusion technique designed to minimize this. We evaluated the technical and anaesthetic aspects of TCI in 10 patients who underwent bilateral orchiectomy immediately thereafter. A modified aortic clamp was placed trans-scrotally across the left testicular pedicle without pre-medication or anaesthesia and left in place for 1 h, occluding testicular blood flow. Minimal pain and anxiety were reported during the procedure. There were no complications related to TCI in any patient. This study supports the institution of trials of TCI in young men about to receive fertility-threatening chemotherapy.     

Bacterqides ureolyticus in men consulting for infertility

Summary: A screening of 3196 semen analyses performed in our clinic from January 1986 to December 1990 revealed 314 (9.8%) patients whose semen was infected with Bacteroides ureolyticus . Investigating the relationship between the presence of B. ureolyticus , the seminal microflora and the conventional semen parameters, we observed that the presence of this micro-organism in the semen was coupled (1) to an increased presence of Enterococcus species, (2) to an increased number of short-tailed spermatozoa and epithelial cells, and (3) to a decreased total fructose concentration (mg ejaculate⁻¹). These results suggest that B. ureolyticus or its toxins may influence sperm morphology and function by yet unknown mechanisms and may also increase the number of epithelial cells by soft tissue infection in vivo . The decreased fructose levels suggest that this anaerobic micro-organism might specifically colonize the seminal vesicles, while the normal zinc values recorded suggest a normal prostatic function. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that the presence of B. ureolyticus is not associated with nongonococcal urethritis.