长期危险饮酒与脂代谢 糖耐量变化及动脉硬化的关系

目的探讨长期危险饮酒与脂代谢、糖耐量变化及动脉粥样硬化的关系,为长期危险饮酒人群动脉粥样硬化的早期预防及治疗提供依据。方法按世界卫生组织饮酒分类标准和1999年的糖耐量低减标准,从体检中心健康体检者中选出符合以上条件男性96例（A组）;根据体检者自愿的原则将A组分为禁酒组（A1组）48例,危险饮酒组（A2组）48例;非饮酒符合糖耐量正常者56例（B组）。先量体检者的收缩压,然后抽取A、B两组体检者的空腹和进食75g葡萄糖的2h血样,空腹血样分别测定空腹胰岛素（Fins）、空腹血糖（FBG）、三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）的浓度;餐后2h血样分别测定2h血糖（BG）和2h胰岛素（Ins）的浓度;6个月和2年后,以同样的方法测定A1组和A2组血样的相关项目。结果A组体检者血清中的FBG、2hBG、Fins、2h Ins、TG、TC、LDL-C的浓度均较B组明显升高,而HDL-C和ApoA1明显下降;6个月后,A1组与A2组及B组相比,脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗有了明显的改善,糖耐量低减状态明显好转;2年后A1组的所有检测指标基本接近B组水平,而A2组主要表现为高TG和TC及低HDL-C血症、代偿性高Ins血症、胰岛素抵抗,糖耐量状态显著恶化。结论禁酒或控制饮酒量,改变不良生活习惯,并对脂代谢紊乱进行积极的治疗,改善糖耐量状态,可有效控制和延缓动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。     

A nomogram for individualized prediction of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in stroke patients: A retrospective study

To develop and validate a nomogram for individualized prediction of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in stroke patients based on extremity function and daily living ability of stroke patients. In this study, 423 stroke patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2015 to February 2019 were taken as the subjects, who were divided into the DVT group (110) and No-DVT group (313) based on the existence of DVT. Inter-group comparison of baseline data was performed by 1-way Analysis of Variance, Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, or Pearson chi-square test. Data dimensions and predictive variables were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO); the prediction model was developed and the nomogram was prepared by binary logistics regression analysis; the performance of the nomogram was identified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Harrell’s concordance index, and calibration curve; and the clinical effectiveness of the model was analyzed by clinical decision curve analysis. Age, Brunnstrom stage (lower extremity), and D-dimer were determined to be the independent predictors affecting DVT. The independent predictors mentioned above were developed and presented as a nomogram, with AUC and concordance index of 0.724 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.670–0.777), indicating the satisfactory discrimination ability of the nomogram. The P value of the results of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 0.732, indicating good fitting of the prediction model. Decision curve analysis showed that the clinical net benefit of this model was 6% to 50%. We developed a nomogram to predict lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in stroke patients, and the results showed that the nomogram had satisfactory prediction performance and clinical efficacy.     

Predictors of Functional Recovery among Musculoskeletal Oncology Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Endoprosthetic Reconstruction

Background and Objectives: Functional outcomes are important for oncology patients undergoing lower extremity reconstruction. The objective of the current study was to describe patient reported function after surgery and identify predictors of postoperative function in musculoskeletal oncology patients undergoing lower extremity endoprosthetic reconstruction. Methods: We performed a cohort study with functional outcome data from the recently completed Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial. We utilized the 100-point Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), which was administered pre-operatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months post-operatively. Higher scores indicate better physical functioning, and the minimally important difference is 11 points. We calculated mean functional scores at each timepoint after surgery and developed a logistic regression model to explore predictors of failure to achieve excellent post-operative function (TESS ≥ 80) at 1 year after surgery. Results: The 555 patients included in our cohort showed important functional improvement from pre-surgery to 1 year post-surgery (mean difference 14.9 points, 95%CI 12.2 to 17.6; p < 0.001) and 64% achieved excellent post-operative function. Our adjusted regression model found that poor (TESS 0–39) pre-operative function (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95%CI 1.6 to 6.6); absolute risk [AR] 24%, 95%CI 8% to 41.2%), older age (OR per 10-year increase from age 12, 1.32, 95%CI 1.17, 1.49; AR 4.5%, 95%CI 2.4% to 6.6%), and patients undergoing reconstruction for soft-tissue sarcomas (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.03 to 5.01; AR 15.3%, 95%CI 0.4% to 34.4%), were associated with higher odds of failing to achieve an excellent functional outcome at 1-year follow-up. Patients undergoing reconstruction for giant cell tumors were more likely to achieve an excellent functional outcome post-operatively (OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.17 to 0.95; AR −9.9%, 95%CI −14.4% to −0.7%). Conclusions: The majority of patients with tumors of the lower extremity undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction achieved excellent function at 1 year after surgery. Older age, poor pre-operative function, and endoprosthetic reconstruction for soft tissue sarcomas were associated with worse outcomes; reconstruction for giant cell tumors was associated with better post-operative function. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV.     

Comparison of 25-OH vitamin D levels between children with upper and those with lower extremity fractures: A prospective case-control study

Objective:The aims of this study were (1) to compare 25-OH vitamin D levels between children with upper and those with lower extremity fractures and (2) to determine whether 25-OH D insufficiency prevalence is increased compared to healthy controls.Methods:This is a prospective case–control study for 12 months. The study was conducted with children aged 5-18 years, including 60 children with non-displaced, impaction type upper extremity and lower extremity fractures resulted from low-energy trauma. In addition, 60 healthy children were included as controls. In all participants, risk factors for low bone mineral density were assessed and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured. Vitamin D levels were compared among groups.Results:Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH D <20) was 14.8 times (OR= 95% CI= 5.61 - 39.8) and 2.9 times (OR= 95% CI= 1.46-5.75) higher in patients with upper and lower extremity fractures, respectively. In the upper extremity fracture group, serum 25-OH D level was considered deficient (25-OH D level = <20 ng/mL) in 91.6% (55/60). In comparison, it was considered as insufficient (serum 25-OH D level = 20-30 ng/mL in 8.3% (5/60) of the patients. In the lower extremity fracture group, serum 25(OH)D level was considered as deficient in 75.0% (45/60), while it was considered as insufficient in 25.0% (15/60) of the patients. In the control group, serum 25-OH D level was considered deficient in 10.0% (6/60), while it was considered insufficient in 61.6% (37/60) of subjects. The 25-OH D deficiency and insufficiency were more common in the whole fracture group (upper plus lower extremity fracture groups) when compared to healthy controls.Conclusion:This study has shown that hypovitaminosis D is associated with an increased risk for fracture in the pediatric population, and the fracture risk is higher in upper extremity fractures than in lower extremity fractures. In children with fractures, routine vitamin D evaluation should be considered.Level of Evidence: Level III, Diagnostic Study     

Reconstruction of the male external genitalia in diverse disease processes: Our reconstructive algorithm,techniques, and experience

BackgroundMale genital form and function may be rendered abnormal by a number of disease processes, with profound associated psychological and functional consequences. The aim of the study is to review our reconstructive experience with cases of genital loss or distortion due to nonmalignant diseases processes and atypical neoplasia.Materials and methodsA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed to identify reconstructive cases performed from 2018 to 2020 under the care of a single surgeon. Male patients 18 years or older with a disease diagnosis other than squamous cell carcinoma affecting genital form were included. Disease processes, patient factors, surgical techniques, and both functional and cosmetic outcomes were reviewed.ResultsFourteen cases were identified. The patients had a mean age of 52.2 years (range, 21–72 years). Acquired buried penis was present in 8 patients. Etiology of genital abnormality included balanitis xerotica obliterans (n = 6), excess skin loss at circumcision (n = 2), self-injection of petroleum jelly to penile shaft (n = 1), Fournier gangrene (n = 1), hidradenitis suppurativa (n = 1), extramammary Paget disease (n = 1), idiopathic lymphoedema (n = 1), and penoscrotal webbing (n = 1). Reconstructive techniques performed included penile debridement/shaft skin release, scrotectomy, suprapubic apronectomy, and division of penoscrotal webbing, in combination with split-thickness skin grafting where required. A penile implant was inserted in one patient. Reconstructive planning, techniques, and outcomes are described.ConclusionsA variety of reconstructive techniques in andrology can be used to improve the aesthetic and functional outcomes of multiple disease processes affecting the male external genitalia.     

25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) induces ectopic calcification

Vascular calcification is an important pathogenesis related to cardiovascular disease and high mortality rate in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. It has been well-known that hyper­phosphatemia induces osteochondrogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) resulting ectopic calcification in aortic media, cardiac valve, and kidney. However, the detailed mechanism of the ectopic calcification has been not clarified yet. Here, we found that the co-localization of CYP27B1 with the calcified lesions of aorta and arteries in kidney of klotho mutant (kl/kl) mice, and then investigated the role of CYP27B1 in the mineralization of the VSMCs. Under high phosphate condition, overexpression of CYP27B1 induced calcification and osteocalcin mRNA expression in the VSMCs. Inversely, siRNA-CYP27B1 inhibited high phosphate-induced calcification of the VSMCs. We also found that the accumulated CYP27B1 protein was glycosylated in the kidney of kl/kl mice. Therefore, overexpression of CYP27B1-N310A and CYP27B1-T439A, which are a mutation for N-linked glycosylation site (N310A) and a mutation for O-linked glycosylation site (T439A) in CYP27B1, decreased calcium deposition and expression of RUNX2 induced by high phosphate medium in VSMCs compared with wild-type CYP27B1. These results suggest that extra-renal expression of glycosylated CYP27B1 would be required for ectopic calcification of VSMCs under hyperphosphatemia.     

DSA引导下血管腔内成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的:探讨DSA引导下血管腔内成形术(TA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO-LE)的临床效果.方法:2017年3月至2019年4月,手术治疗的ASO-LE患者93例,依据治疗方式的不同分为A组(行TA,=49)和B组[行下肢动脉旁路移植术(LEABG),=44],两组患者均在数字减影血管造影(DSA)引导下进行.对比两...     

加味黄芪桂枝五物汤对2型糖尿病气阴两虚兼血瘀证患者下肢血管病变的影响

目的:探讨加味黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢血管病变(气阴两虚兼血瘀证)的临床效果.方法:选取96例气阴两虚兼血瘀型T2DM下肢血管病变患者,按照简单随机数字表法分成观察组与对照组各48例.两组均给予相同的常规西药治疗,观察组在此基础上联合加味黄芪桂枝五物汤内服治疗,连续治疗8周后对两组疗效进行评估.治疗...     

重症肺炎后闭塞性细支气管炎的危险因素分析

目的 探讨引起感染后闭塞性细支气管炎（postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans,PIBO）的重症肺炎的临床特征及危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年4月—2019年4月在深圳市儿童医院因重症肺炎住院治疗并最终诊断为PIBO的病例为观察组,并随机抽取同期诊断为重症肺炎未发生PIBO的病例为对照组。分析观察组重症肺炎的临床特征,并分析发生PIBO的危险因素。结果 观察组49例,对照组98例。观察组男33例,女16例;发病年龄≤2岁45例（91.8%）,患者发热、咳嗽49例（100%）,热程（12.898±5.818）d,喘息22例（44.9%）、气促19例（38.8%）。出院时肺部仍有啰音28例（57.1%）。胸部影像病初表现为间质性改变11例（78.6%,11/14）,病程中主要表现为实变19例（57.6%,19/33）。病原腺病毒26例（53.1%）,肺炎支原体17例（34.7%）。入住PICU 31例（63.3%）,使用有创呼吸机19例（38.8%）,使用激素25例（51.0%）,使用人免疫球蛋白28例（57.1%）。多因素Logistic回归结...