学龄段语用能力的文献研究

目的了解学龄段语用能力在我国的发展现状及发展特点。方法采用文献计量学方法,以频次和百分比为主要统计方式,从我国学龄段语用能力研究论文的时间分布、研究主题、研究方法、研究对象、关键词等指标入手定量分析研究文献。结果1990年~2019年,30年共积累了140篇文献。首篇文章发表于1990年,2005~2009年达到第一高峰期(33篇),增长率23.57%,其后文献量逐年递增,至2015~2019年,年文献量49篇,增长率35.00%。从研究主题的总体分布看,理论研究的文献数量占64.30%,实践研究的文献数量占32.84%,相关的文献综述研究只占2.8%;从研究方法看,定性研究文献占文献总量的75%;定量研究文献占25%;从研究对象看,主要研究对象为正常学生,只有1篇针对特殊人群的文献,占0.7%。结论我国学龄段语用能力研究文献数量在逐年增长,伴随我国学龄段语用研究的不断深入,尚需进行更加多元化、专业化的研究,扩大研究对象,关注特殊人群。     

基于文献挖掘及复杂网络探讨寻常性痤疮常见中医证型及核心用药规律＊

目的 运用文献挖掘及复杂网络方法探讨中医治疗寻常性痤疮常见证型及核心用药规律。方法 收集中国期刊全文数据库（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP Database，VIP）、万方数据库（WanFang）、中国生物医学文献数据库（Sinomed）中近15年已公开发表的中医治疗寻常性痤疮核心期刊，对其进行医案提取及规范化后，运用复杂网络方法进行分析。结果 共纳入文献178篇，医案数据195条，涉及中药184味，药性多以寒、微寒为主，药物归经归肺经最多，其次肝经、胃经、心经，药物功效多以清热解毒、清热燥湿、清热凉血为主，常见中医证型及对应核心加减处方4个。结论 系统总结了寻常性痤疮近年发病的主流证型、核心处方及用药规律，为之后的临床辨证用药提供参考及借鉴。     

患者健康教育需求评估工具研究进展

<正>健康教育是通过信息传播和行为干预帮助个人或集体掌握卫生健康知识,树立健康观念,自愿采取有利于健康的行为和生活方式的健康活动过程,其目的就是消除或减轻影响健康的危险因素,预防疾病,促进健康和提高生活质量[1-2]。随着以"健康为中心"的医学模式的转变和优质护理的推进,健康教育也已成为责任制医院整体护理的一个重要组成部分。护士作为健康教育的主要执行者,其教育内容直接影响健康     

1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征一例报告及文献复习

目的总结1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征的临床特点、实验室检查、分子遗传学诊断及生酮饮食治疗疗效。方法报告1例以痫样发作为首发的1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征病例。检索国内外相关文献,共检索出明确诊断的1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征32例,进行文献复习。结果包括作者报告1例患者,共33例,男19例,女14例。临床特点:27/33例有痫样发作,发作年龄2个月至35岁之间。大多发作年龄在6个月以内。25/33例有共济失调,大多数轻中度共济失调,少部分患者共济失调影响行走及日常生活。24/33例肌张力障碍。14/33例有小头畸形。实验室检查:30/33例患者进行了脑脊液糖检查,23-56mg/dl之间,平均34.2±4.7mg/dl。脑脊液糖/血糖0.24-0.57之间,平均0.38±0.07。21/33例患者进行了红细胞摄取3-O-甲基-D-葡萄糖的能力检查,结果显示红细胞摄取3-O-甲基-D-葡萄糖的能力较正常对照下降约50%左右。29/33例进行了脑电图检查,发现痫样放电25例,表现为多灶性棘波、棘慢波。32/33例患者进行了GLUT1-DS基因SLC2A1筛查,发现12例错义突变,2例无义突变,2例插入突变,16例缺失或剪切位点突变。治疗:所有癫痫患者均进行了抗癫痫药物治疗,痫样发作均难以控制。28/33例患者(25例癫痫患者和3例发作性运动障碍)进行了生酮饮食治疗。24例癫痫患者的痫样发作完全控制,1例痫样发作明显缓解。3例发作性运动障碍明显改善。结论 1型葡萄糖转运体缺陷综合征临床以难治性痫样发作、语言智能发育落后、脑脊液糖/血糖明显降低为特点,常规抗癫痫药物难以控制痫样发作,生酮饮食能够控制痫样发作,并对语言、认知、运动障碍均有改善作用。     

Retrieval of overviews of systematic reviews in MEDLINE was improved by the development of an objectively derived and validated search strategy

ObjectivesLocating overviews of systematic reviews is difficult because of an absence of appropriate indexing terms and inconsistent terminology used to describe overviews. Our objective was to develop a validated search strategy to retrieve overviews in MEDLINE.Study Design and SettingWe derived a test set of overviews from the references of two method articles on overviews. Two population sets were used to identify discriminating terms, that is, terms that appear frequently in the test set but infrequently in two population sets of references found in MEDLINE. We used text mining to conduct a frequency analysis of terms appearing in the titles and abstracts. Candidate terms were combined and tested in MEDLINE in various permutations, and the performance of strategies measured using sensitivity and precision.ResultsTwo search strategies were developed: a sensitivity-maximizing strategy, achieving 93% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87, 96) and 7% precision (95% CI: 6, 8), and a sensitivity-and-precision–maximizing strategy, achieving 66% sensitivity (95% CI: 58, 74) and 21% precision (95% CI: 17, 25).ConclusionThe developed search strategies enable users to more efficiently identify overviews of reviews compared to current strategies. Consistent language in describing overviews would aid in their identification, as would a specific MEDLINE Publication Type.     

天水医事简略

天水地处甘肃东南部,历史悠久,医疗卫生源远流长,名家辈出,由于古时兵乱灾疫较多,加之造纸术,印刷术落后,使得众多珍贵文献难以保存至今,本文就笔者研习所得做一简要阐述。     

婴儿组织胞浆菌病1例并文献复习

目的提高对婴儿组织胞浆菌病(histoplasmosis,HP)的认识。方法报告1例婴儿组织胞浆菌病,并结合文献对该病病原学、流行病学、临床表现、诊断和治疗等方面进行分析。结果婴儿HP以不规则发热、咳嗽、腹泻、肝脾肿大为主要临床表现,骨髓穿刺检查找到组织胞浆菌确诊。结论 HP是由荚膜组织胞浆菌感染所致的一种以侵犯网状内皮系统或肺部为主的深部真菌病。婴儿HP临床表现多样,以播散型为主,病情进展迅速,在短期内即可造成多器官功能衰竭而导致救治失败。确诊有赖病原学的检查。     

A High Bifurcation of the Dorsal Branch with Dominant Superficial Palmar Branch of the Radial Artery: A Case Report of an Aberrant Radial Artery with Traumatic Aneurysm

Anatomical abnormalities such as unusual bifurcations or aberrant arteries of the radial artery are extremely rare and due to malformation or disruption of the vascular net. We present a case of a 64 year old woman with a high bifurcated dorsal branch of the left radial artery, consulting us for a pulsatile mass in the anatomical snuffbox after a fall. The mass measured 3–4 mm in diameter and was located on the dorsal aspect of the wrist over the anatomical snuffbox. Primary imaging studies using Duplex Ultrasound suggested an aneurysm of the radial artery, further imaging with arteriogram revealed a high bifurcation of the dorsal branch of the radial artery, presenting with an aneurysm. The deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery was the dominating vessel, allowing ligation and excision of the aneurysm. Histological evaluation revealed intimal wall hyperplasia within the aneurysm, suggesting an injury as initiating factor. A review of the literature showed that this abnormality of high bifurcation of the dorsal palmar branch of the radial artery has not been previously reported. Management of aneurysms at the wrist is discussed.     

学术论文作者机构规范文档构建

以中国生物医学文献数据库为基础,面向基于学术论文开展机构检索、分析与评价相关知识服务需要,对学术论文作者机构名称规范目标与内容、体系结构与组织方式以及构建过程与实现策略进行研究、实践总结。