Safety evaluation of an IPP tripeptide-containing milk protein hydrolysate

Tensguard™ is a milk protein hydrolysate containing the lactotripeptide IPP. It is derived from cow’s milk, which is present in the human diet and has a safe history of consumption. The final Tensguard™ product, a supplement or a functional food ingredient, is intended for use by people who want to follow a healthy diet and lifestyle in order to manage their blood pressure. The safety-in-use of commercial lactotripeptide-containing products has been confirmed in several in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies and in studies with humans. To support the safety, Tensguard™ was examined in three in vitro genotoxicity tests (bacterial reverse mutation test, mammalian cell gene mutation test and mammalian chromosomal aberration test) and in a 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in rats. The genotoxicity tests confirm that Tensguard™ is not mutagenic or clastogenic. The NOAEL from the 90-day study was at the highest dose tested, i.e. 4% in the diet. The NOAEL is equivalent to an overall mean intake of 2 g Tensguard™/kg body weight/day and corresponds to 40 mg IPP/kg body weight/day. This is 141-fold higher than the maximal anticipated intake. In conclusion, Tensguard™ is safe under the conditions of intended use.     

Influence of the route of administration on immunomodulatory properties of bovine β-lactoglobulin-producing Lactobacillus casei

Because of their intrinsic immunomodulatory properties, some lactic acid bacteria were reported to modulate allergic immune responses in mice and humans. We recently developed recombinant strains of Lactobacillus casei that produce β-lactoglobulin (BLG), a major cow's milk allergen. Here, we investigated immunomodulatory potency of intranasal and oral administrations of recombinant lactobacilli on a subsequent sensitization of mice to BLG. Intranasal administration of the BLG-producing Lb. casei stimulated serum BLG-specific IgG2a and IgG1 responses, and fecal IgA response as well, but did not inhibit BLG-specific IgE production. In contrast, oral administration led to a significant inhibition of BLG-specific IgE production while IgG1 and IgG2a responses were not stimulated. After both oral and intranasal administrations, production of IL-17 cytokine by BLG-reactivated splenocytes was similarly enhanced, thus confirming the adjuvant effect of the Lb. casei strain. However, a mixed Th1/Th2 cell response was evidenced in BLG-reactivated splenocytes from mice intranasally pretreated, with enhanced secretions of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) whereas only production of Th1 cytokines, but not Th2 cytokines, was enhanced in BLG-reactivated splenocytes from mice orally pretreated. Our results show that the mode of administration of live bacteria may be critical for their immunomodulatory effects.     

抚触联合金双歧治疗母乳性黄疸的疗效观察

目的观察抚触联合金双歧治疗母乳性黄疸的疗效。方法124例母乳性黄疸随机分组,对照组给予菌栀黄口服液及酶诱导剂口服,治疗组给予金双歧口服及抚触护理。结果治疗组与对照组在治疗黄疸消退方面的疗效无显著差异,在体重增长方面有显著差异。结论金双歧口服联合抚触护理治疗母乳性黄疸,安全有效,除能明显降低血清胆红素水平,缩短治疗时间外,尚能促进生长发育,值得推广使用。     

门诊腹泻病患儿的初筛处理方案及疗效探讨

目的通过病例对比论证使用益生菌制剂作为初筛手段来治疗门诊儿童轻度腹泻病的可行性,探索出一个快捷、简便、有效的初筛用药方案,以提高门诊的工作效率。方法从常用益生菌制剂中选出复方嗜酸乳杆菌片及妈咪爱作为研究对象。将2010年6月～2012年6月于我院门诊就诊,诊断为轻度腹泻病的患儿共120例随机分成两组,治疗组60例给予复方嗜酸乳杆菌片口服,对照组60例给予妈咪爱口服,两组均配合蒙脱石散治疗。结果两组治疗有效率均超过50%,分别为78.3%、55.0%,两组有效率比较差异存在显著性(p<0.01)。两组用药治疗期间均未发生不良反应。结论使用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片或妈咪爱益生菌制剂来治疗儿科门诊轻度腹泻病患者具有可行性,可作为初筛治疗方案应用,且复方嗜酸乳杆菌片效果优于妈咪爱。     

Lactobacillus helveticus–fermented milk improves learning and memory in mice

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate the effects of Calpis sour milk whey, a Lactobacillus helveticus–fermented milk product, on learning and memory.

Methods

We evaluated improvement in scopolamine-induced memory impairment using the spontaneous alternation behaviour test, a measure of short-term memory. We also evaluated learning and working memory in mice using the novel object recognition test, which does not involve primary reinforcement (food or electric shocks). A total of 195 male ddY mice were used in the spontaneous alternation behaviour test and 60 in the novel object recognition test.

Results

Forced orally administered Calpis sour milk whey powder (200 and 2000 mg/kg) significantly improved scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and object recognition memory (2000 mg/kg; P < 0.05).

Discussion

These results suggest that Calpis sour milk whey may be useful for the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, and enhancing learning and memory in healthy human subjects; however, human clinical studies are necessary.     

Lactobacillus reuteri in Its Biofilm State Improves Protection from Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease predominately found in premature infants that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research, medical management with broad spectrum antibiotics and bowel rest has remained relatively unchanged, with no significant improvement in patient outcomes. The etiology of NEC is multi-factorial; however, gastrointestinal dysbiosis plays a prominent role in a neonate’s vulnerability to and development of NEC. Probiotics have recently emerged as a new avenue for NEC therapy. However, current delivery methods are associated with potential limitations, including the need for at least daily administration in order to obtain any improvement in outcomes. We present a novel formulation of enterally delivered probiotics that addresses the current limitations. A single enteral dose of Lactobacillus reuteri delivered in a biofilm formulation increases probiotic survival in acidic gastric conditions, increases probiotic adherence to gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and reduces the incidence, severity, and neurocognitive sequelae of NEC in experimental models.     

Some probiotic and antibacterial properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus cultured from dahi a native milk product

In this study, different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus from dahi were analyzed for certain probiotic and antibacterial properties. Initially, these strains were confirmed by the amplification of 16S rRNA regions and then screened for antibacterial activities against food borne pathogens. The phenotypic relationship between apparent antibacterial activity and cell wall proteins were established by cluster analysis. It was observed that those strains, which have prominent bands having size 22–25?kDa possess antibacterial activity. On the basis of wide spectrum of killing pattern, a strain LA06FT was further characterized that showed no change in its behavior when subjected to the antibiotic protected environment and grow well in acid-bile conditions. The bacteriocin produced by this strain has specific antibacterial activity of 5369.13?AU?mg^?1. It remained stable at 60–90?°C and pH range of 4.5–6.5 while proteolytic enzymes inactivate the bacteriocin that confirm its proteinic nature having molecular weight of ≤8.5?kDa.     

治疗真菌性阴道炎的临床分析

目的探索真菌性阴道炎的有效的合理的治疗方案。方法把门诊确诊为真菌性阴道炎的患者150例，随机分成3组，第一组治疗方案：用氟康唑重复顿服2次＋达克宁外用治疗3天；第二组治疗方案：氟康唑重复顿服2次＋达克宁外用3天后予以阴道用乳酸杆菌10天；第三组治疗方案：在第二组治疗方案的同时，检查及治疗性伴侣。停药后1周和2月复查。结果（1）疗效比较：三组的临床有效率分别是82％、96％、98％，第三组、第二组与第一组比较，P〈0．05，有差异；第二组与第三组比较P〉0．05，无差异；（2）复发比较：三组的复发率分别是36．58％、14．58％、2．04％，第一组与第二组比较，P〈0．05，有差异；第二组与第三组比较，P〈0．05，有差异；第一组与第三组比较，P〈0．05，有差异。结论（1）在真菌性阴道炎的治疗中，加用乳酸杆菌效果良好，值得推广。（2）在真菌性阴道炎的治疗中，对其性伴侣进行同时检查及治疗可以减少复发。     

乳酸菌对高脂血症小鼠血脂和肠道菌的影响

目的:研究功能乳酸菌制剂的降血脂作用及对肠道菌的影响。方法:建立小白鼠高脂血症动物模型;模型小鼠30只,随机分为:生理盐水组、复合乳酸菌组和辛伐他汀组,每组10只。采取灌胃处理,分别灌服生理盐水、复合乳酸菌制剂(等比例混合的植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌)和降血脂药物辛伐他汀。结果:与生理盐水比较,乳酸菌和辛伐他汀药物处理显著降低了小鼠血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量(P0.05);乳酸菌处理和药物处理间TC、TG和HDL-C无显著差异。与降血脂药物相比,乳酸菌处理显著增加小鼠粪便乳酸菌数量(P0.05),降低了大肠杆菌(P0.05)和肠球菌数量(P0.01)。结论:乳酸菌制剂具有降低血脂、增加肠道有益菌数量、降低肠道有害菌数量的作用。