全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16421篇 |
免费 | 916篇 |
国内免费 | 555篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 29篇 |
儿科学 | 411篇 |
妇产科学 | 75篇 |
基础医学 | 1425篇 |
口腔科学 | 29篇 |
临床医学 | 1709篇 |
内科学 | 1356篇 |
皮肤病学 | 211篇 |
神经病学 | 124篇 |
特种医学 | 795篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 5243篇 |
综合类 | 2524篇 |
预防医学 | 675篇 |
眼科学 | 14篇 |
药学 | 1016篇 |
6篇 | |
中国医学 | 1891篇 |
肿瘤学 | 358篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 175篇 |
2022年 | 430篇 |
2021年 | 568篇 |
2020年 | 523篇 |
2019年 | 459篇 |
2018年 | 465篇 |
2017年 | 502篇 |
2016年 | 531篇 |
2015年 | 469篇 |
2014年 | 1033篇 |
2013年 | 952篇 |
2012年 | 979篇 |
2011年 | 1097篇 |
2010年 | 940篇 |
2009年 | 949篇 |
2008年 | 830篇 |
2007年 | 749篇 |
2006年 | 744篇 |
2005年 | 661篇 |
2004年 | 559篇 |
2003年 | 500篇 |
2002年 | 424篇 |
2001年 | 375篇 |
2000年 | 390篇 |
1999年 | 279篇 |
1998年 | 268篇 |
1997年 | 206篇 |
1996年 | 215篇 |
1995年 | 202篇 |
1994年 | 182篇 |
1993年 | 133篇 |
1992年 | 153篇 |
1991年 | 91篇 |
1990年 | 82篇 |
1989年 | 81篇 |
1988年 | 78篇 |
1987年 | 76篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 55篇 |
1984年 | 44篇 |
1982年 | 39篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 26篇 |
1977年 | 23篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1973年 | 30篇 |
1972年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
12.
《Clinical genitourinary cancer》2020,18(1):56-61
BackgroundClear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignancies in humans and is usually associated with poor outcomes. Cancers are considered to be genetic diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of genetic alterations that are related to disease progression or poor prognosis can help to more precisely identify high-risk patients and treat them more effectively. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of whole chromosome 9 loss (monosomy of chromosome 9) and its prognostic value in patients with ccRCC.Materials and MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphism-based chromosome microarray (CMA) analysis was performed on 103 resected specimens from patients with ccRCC who had undergone partial or radical nephrectomy between January 2002 and March 2017 at Fox Chase Cancer Center. Monosomy 9 was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and recurrence-free survival.ResultsChromosome 9 loss was detected in 31 (30%) of 103 tumors. Tumors with chromosome 9 loss had higher histologic grade (3 and 4; P < .001) and pathologic stage (P < .001). In 59 patients with non-metastatic ccRCC, chromosome 9 loss was also associated with higher recurrence rate and shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) (12-month RFS, 77.8%; 95% confidence interval, 36.5%-93.9% for chromosome 9 loss vs. 95.7%; 95% confidence interval, 84.0%-98.9% for no loss; P = .002).ConclusionsChromosome 9 loss was found in 30% of patients with ccRCC and correlated with higher grade, advanced stage, and shorter RFS in patients with Stage I to III ccRCC. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
Bimal Bhindi Christine M. Lohse Phillip J. Schulte Ross J. Mason John C. Cheville Stephen A. Boorjian Bradley C. Leibovich R. Houston Thompson 《European urology》2019,75(5):766-772
Background
Partial nephrectomy (PN) is generally favored for cT1 tumors over radical nephrectomy (RN) when technically feasible. However, it can be unclear whether the additional risks of PN are worth the magnitude of renal function benefit.Objective
To develop preoperative tools to predict long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) beyond 30 d following PN and RN, separately.Design, setting, and participants
In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent RN or PN for a single nonmetastatic renal tumor between 1997 and 2014 at our institution were identified. Exclusion criteria were venous tumor thrombus and preoperative eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m2.Intervention
RN and PN.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
Hierarchical generalized linear mixed-effect models with backward selection of candidate preoperative features were used to predict long-term eGFR following RN and PN, separately. Predictive ability was summarized using marginal , which ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating increased predictive ability.Results and limitations
The analysis included 1152 patients (13 206 eGFR observations) who underwent RN and 1920 patients (18 652 eGFR observations) who underwent PN, with mean preoperative eGFRs of 66 ml/min/1.73 m2 (standard deviation [SD] = 18) and 72 ml/min/1.73 m2 (SD = 20), respectively. The model to predict eGFR after RN included age, diabetes, preoperative eGFR, preoperative proteinuria, tumor size, time from surgery, and an interaction between time from surgery and age (marginal ). The model to predict eGFR after PN included age, presence of a solitary kidney, diabetes, hypertension, preoperative eGFR, preoperative proteinuria, surgical approach, time from surgery, and interaction terms between time from surgery and age, diabetes, preoperative eGFR, and preoperative proteinuria (marginal ). Limitations include the lack of data on renal tumor complexity and the single-center design; generalizability needs to be confirmed in external cohorts.Conclusions
We developed preoperative tools to predict renal function outcomes following RN and PN. Pending validation, these tools should be helpful for patient counseling and clinical decision-making.Patient summary
We developed models to predict kidney function outcomes after partial and radical nephrectomy based on preoperative features. This should help clinicians during patient counseling and decision-making in the management of kidney tumors. 相似文献16.
Vahid MoazedElham JafariBita RashidiNezhadBehjat Kalantari-KhandaniAli NematiAhmad Naghibzadeh TahamiForoogh Mangeli 《Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention》2020,21(1):239-241
Background: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous hematological disease and certain serum factors are assumed to be involved in its pathogenesis and progression. Given this, our aim was to comparatively investigate the copper, zinc, and iron levels in MDS patients and healthy individuals. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 31 patients with MDS (according to the WHO criteria after investigating laboratory tests such as peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration) attending Bahonar Hospital, Kerman, Iran, and 31 healthy subjects from 2016 to 2018. The levels of copper, ceruloplasmin, zinc, ferritin, and iron were compared between the two groups. Results: Among the MDS patients, five individuals (16.13%) had low serum copper level (mean: 67.8 ± 4.35 µg/dl). Serum copper level was 111.3 ± 27.7 and 138.3 ± 26.6 in case and control groups, respectively (P = 0.0001). The serum zinc level and bone marrow iron level were also significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that because only a small proportion of the MDS patients enrolled in this study were found to have lower copper levels compared with the MDS patients population, further studies with a larger sample size and also clinical trials in MDS patients with serum zinc, and copper deficiency are recommended, and post-treatment hematological reassessment would also be beneficial to achieving more definitive results. 相似文献
17.
Due to the optimal results obtained in kidney transplantation and to the lack of interest of the industries, new innovative drugs in kidney transplantation are difficult to be encountered. The best strategy to find the new drugs recently developed or under development is to search in the sections of kidney trans plantation still not completely covered by the drugs on the market. These unmet needs are the prevention of delayed graft function (DGF), the protection of the graft over the long time and the desensitization of preformed anti human leukocyte antigen antibodies and the treatment of the acute antibody-mediated rejection. These needs are particularly relevant due to the expansion of some kind of kidney transplantation as transplantation from non-heart beating donor and in the case of antibody-incompatible grafts. The first are particularly exposed to DGF, the latter need a safe desensitization and a safe treatments of the antibody mediated rejections that often occur. Particular caution is needed in treating these drugs. First, they are described in very recent studies and the follow-up of their effect is of course rather short. Second, some of these drugs are still in an early phase of study, even if in well-conducted randomized controlled trials. Particular caution and a careful check need to be used in trials launched 2 or 3 years ago. Indeed, is always necessary to verify whether the study is still going on or whether and why the study itself was abandoned. 相似文献
18.
Benjamin R. Griffin J. Pedro Teixeira Sophia Ambruso Michael Bronsert Jay D. Pal Joseph C. Cleveland T. Brett Reece David A. Fullerton Sarah Faubel Muhammad Aftab 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2021,161(4):1346-1355.e3
ObjectivesSevere acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known risk factor for infection and mortality. However, whether stage 1 AKI is a risk factor for infection has not been evaluated in adults. We hypothesized that stage 1 AKI following cardiac surgery would independently associate with infection and mortality.MethodsIn this retrospective propensity score–matched study, we evaluated 1620 adult patients who underwent nonemergent cardiac surgery at the University of Colorado Hospital from 2011 to 2017. Patients who developed stage 1 AKI by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria within 72 hours of surgery were matched to patients who did not develop AKI. The primary outcome was an infection, defined as a new surgical-site infection, positive blood or urine culture, or development of pneumonia. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, stroke, and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsStage 1 AKI occurred in 293 patients (18.3%). Infection occurred in 20.9% of patients with stage 1 AKI compared with 8.1% in the no-AKI group (P < .001). In propensity-score matched analysis, stage 1 AKI independently associated with increased infection (odds ratio [OR]; 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-3.17), ICU LOS (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.71–3.31), and hospital LOS (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17-1.45).ConclusionsStage 1 AKI is independently associated with postoperative infection, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS. Treatment strategies focused on prevention, early recognition, and optimal medical management of AKI may decrease significant postoperative morbidity. 相似文献
19.
20.