A neural network confirms that physical exercise reverses EEG changes in depressed rats

The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) system to differentiate the EEG power density spectra in depressed from normal rats was tried. The beneficial effects of chronic physical exercise in reducing the effects of stress and therefore depression was also to be tested in animals by the same method. In this study, rats were divided into 4 groups, subjected to (i) chronic stress (D group); (ii) chronic exercise by treadmill running (EO group); (iii) exercise with stress (ES group) and (iv) handling (C group). The prefrontal cortical EEG, EMG and EOG were recorded simultaneously on paper and the digitized EEG signals were also stored in the hard-disk of a PC-AT through an ADC. After filtering the digitize signals, the EEG power spectra were calculated by an FFT routine. Three successive 4 s artefact-free epochs were averaged. The REM and NREM sleep periods as well as the awake period signals were analyzed separately. The FFT values from each of the 3 states, in the 4 groups of animals were tested by an ANN with 30 first layer neurons and a 2nd layer of a majority-vote-taker. The ANN could distinguish the depressed from the normal rats' EEG very well in REM (99%) sleep, NREM (95%) sleep and awake (81%) states. In most of the cases it identified the exercised rats' EEG as normal.     

不同强度运动对女子游泳运动员性激素水平的影响及特点

本研究以放兔分析法观察不同强度运动前后19名女子游泳运动员血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)及胰岛素(Ins)的变化。受试者在卵泡及黄体两期分别进行短时间高强度间歇运动——6×50m全速力竭性游泳和长时间持续运动——1000m全速力竭性游泳。在运动前5分钟及运动后即刻分别采集静脉血测定各种激素含量。主要结果如下:受试者从事6×50m最大速度间歇游泳后,卵泡期各种激素浓度的变化均显著高于运动前安静状态,黄体期变化不一,FSH、LH降低,E_2、P、T及Ins升高。从事1000m全速游泳后,激素变化表现为卵泡期FSH、LH、E_2、P均升高,T及Ins降低;黄体期E_2、P、T升高,Ins降低,FSH、LH无显著变化,两期相比黄体期运动成绩优于卵泡期。上述结果提示:①受试者月经周期的黄体期机体有氧能力强于卵泡期,运动能力的增强与黄体期E_2、P、T水平升高有关。②FSH、LH与E_2、P分泌变化并非同步一致,说明运动中E_2升高并非受制于促性腺激素,而主要是卵巢分泌量升高所致。③运动中E_2、P、T具有协同效应,可抵抗疲劳,提高人体运动能力。     

Self-efficacy and the maintenance of exercise participation in older adults

The role played by exercise self-efficacy in the maintenance of exercise participation of previously sedentary middle-aged adults 4 months after the termination of a formal exercise program is reported. Correlational and multiple regression analyses examined the influence of self-efficacy, physiological (aerobic capacity, sex, body composition), and behavioral (past exercise frequency and intensity) parameters in the maintenance of exercise participation. Self-efficacy significantly predicted exercise behavior at follow-up when controlling for biological and behavioral influences. Aerobic capacity, exercise efficacy, and exercise behavior in combination were significantly related to current energy expenditure in aerobic physical activity. The discussion focuses on the need to examine the impact of different correlates of exercise behavior at different stages of the exercise process.This project was funded by Grant AG07907 from the National Institute on Aging.     

Rate-responsive pacing with a pacemaker that detects respiratory rate (Biorate): clinical advantages and complications

The respiratory-dependent pacemaker (RDP3 or MB-1, Biorate, Biotec International, S.p.A., Bologna, Italy) detects the respiratory rate by measuring thoracic impedance using a subcutaneous auxiliary lead. The sensed respiratory rate is used to determine the pacing rate response. This pacemaker had been implanted in 9 patients with a mean age of 58 (range 42-69) years. During symptom-limited treadmill exercise, rate-modulated pacing resulted in a significant increase in pacing rate (mean +/- SD, 124 +/- 10 vs. 71 +/- 3 beats/min p less than 0.001) and exercise capacity (343 +/- 147 vs. 463 +/- 120 s, p less than 0.05) compared to those achieved with constant rate ventricular pacing. Brief treadmill exercise tests showed appropriate rate response to increased walking speed and gradient. However, rate response was modified by arm swinging-induced motion artefact which affected the measured "impedance." Complications observed on follow-up included perforation of the auxiliary lead in 2 patients and symptomatic myopotential interference in 3 patients with the RDP3 pacemaker, all of whom required unit replacement. It is concluded that although the respiratory-dependent pacemaker can confer physiological benefit in patients with bradycardia, myopotential interference (largely overcome by the new version MB-1 with programmable sensitivity) and the auxiliary lead can be problematic in some patients.     

Determination of left ventricular wall thickness and muscle mass by intravenous digital subtractionangiocardiography: validation of the method

Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and muscle mass are importantmeasures of LV hypertrophy. In 24 patients LV end-diastolicwall thickness and muscle mass were determined (two observers)by digital subtraction angiocardiography (DSA) and conventionalLV angiocardiography (LVA). Wall thickness was determined overthe anterolateral wall of the left ventricle according to thetechnique of Rackley (method 1) or by planimetry (method 2).Seventeen patients were studied at rest and seven during dynamicexercise. Wall thickness correlated well between LVA and DSA;the best correlations were obtained by a combined subtractionmode using either method 1 or 2 (method 1, r0–80; method2,r0. 75). The standard error of estimate of the mean (SEE) wasslightly lower for method 2 ( 10%) than for method 1 ( 13%).DSA significantly overestimated wall thickness by 5–7%with method 1 and underestimated by 12–14% with method2. Muscle mass correlated well between LVA and DSA; the SEEwas 15% for method 1 and 12% for method 2. Overestimation ofmuscle mass by DSA was 7–11% with method 1 and underestimationwas 13–15% with method 2.It is concluded that LV wallthickness can be determined accurately by DSA with an SEE rangingbetween 10 and 13%. Determination of LV muscle mass is slightlyless accurate and the SEE is slightly larger ranging between13 to 17%. With method 1, wall thickness and muscle mass wereover estimated and with method 2 underestimated.     

过量运动对健康大鼠肾脏结构与功能的影响

目的：观察过量运动对健康大鼠肾脏结构与功能的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法：将30只健康Sprauge-Dawley(SD)大鼠按照随机数字表随机分为安静对照组和过量运动组,每组15只。安静对照组在鼠笼内安静饲养,过量运动组进行16周高强度跑台力竭运动。实验后,测定24 h尿蛋白（UP）、血尿素氮（BUN）和血清肌酐（SCr）含量评价肾功能;分别行HE、Masson染色观察肾脏组织病理学改变,同时获取肾小球和肾小管损伤评分以及纤维化指数（FI）;免疫印迹测定转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和E-钙黏蛋白（E-CA）蛋白表达量。结果：与安静对照组比较,过量运动组肾脏结构异常,肾小球损伤评分、肾小管损伤评分、FI、UP、BUN和SCr增加（t分别为-6.895、-7.365、-9.234、-4.964、-7.753、-16.444,均P<0.05）,MMP-9蛋白表达下调（t=5.077,P<0.05）,而TGF-β1、α-SMA和E-CA蛋白表达差异无统计学意义（t分别为-1.801、-1.129、1.585,...     

等速离心训练对肩关节内外旋肌的肌力平衡及神经肌肉控制能力的影响

背景 肩关节内外旋肌肌力失衡会增加肩部运动损伤的风险,研究等速离心训练(IET)能否提高肌力平衡并改善神经肌肉控制能力具有重要的损伤预防意义。目的 探讨IET对健康青年人肩关节内外旋肌的肌力平衡及神经肌肉控制能力的影响。方法 2020年12月至2021年11月在复旦大学附属中山医院招募32例健康青年志愿者为研究对象,随机将其分为试验组(n=16)和对照组(n=16)。试验组接受4周IET,对照组接受4周连续被动运动训练(2次/周)。采用Biodex System 4 Pro多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统(美国Biodex公司)对两组研究对象的优势侧肩关节内、外旋肌群进行训练干预,分别在60(°)/s、120(°)/s速度下进行,干预前1周、干预结束后1周对两组肩关节内外旋肌的功能性比率(FR)、加速时间(AT)和达峰力矩时间(TPT)进行评估并比较。结果 试验组全部完成了4周的训练干预和评估,对照组2例中途退出。最终共30例研究对象数据纳入统计学分析。在60(°)/s和120(°)/s速度下,试验组干预后FR高于对照组(P<0.001),试验组干预后FR高于干预前(配对t检验：t<...     

综合矫正训练方案联合中药熏蒸治疗上交叉综合征疗效观察

<正>上交叉综合征(upper crossed syndrome,UCS)是指因上半身长期处于不良姿势,造成相关肌群功能失衡,进而引起颈肩背部疼痛不适、胸闷、睡眠障碍等一系列不良症状的一种亚健康状态^[1]。UCS常见的体态是圆肩、驼背、头前倾^[2]。目前临床上主要通过纠正局部的肌肉失衡来治疗UCS,常用的方法有运动疗法、肌肉能量技术、针灸和推拿等^[3]。     

Cardiovascular responses in paraplegic subjects during arm exercise

Summary The purpose of this study was to examine cardiovascular responses during arm exercise in paraplegics compared to a well-matched control group. A group of 11 male paraplegics (P) with complete spinal cord-lesions between T6 and T12 and 11 male control subjects (C), matched for physical activity, sport participation and age performed maximal arm-cranking exercise and submaximal exercise at 20%, 40% and 6070 of the maximal load for each individual. Cardiac output (Q _c) was determined by the CO₂ rebreathing method. Maximal oxygen uptake was significantly lower and maximal heart rate (f _c) was sigificantly higher in P compared to C. At the same oxygen uptakes no significant differences were observed inQ _c between P and C; however, stroke volume (SV) was significantly lower andf _c significantly higher in P than in C. The lower SV in P could be explained by an impaired redistribution of blood and, therefore, a reduced ventricular filling pressure, due to pooling of venous blood caused by inactivity of the skeletal muscle pump in the legs and lack of sympathetic vasoconstriction below the lesion. In conclusion, in P maximal performance appears to have been limited by a smaller active muscle mass and a lower SV despite the higher _c,max. During submaximal exercise, however, this lower SV was compensated for by a higherf _c and, thus at the same submaximal oxygen uptake,Q _c was similar to that in the control group.     

Role of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle: synthesis,distribution and functional importance

Over the last two decades, nitric oxide (NO) has been established as a novel mediator of biological processes, ranging from vascular control to long-term memory, from tissue inflammation to penile erection. This paper reviews recent research which shows that NO and its derivatives also are synthesized within skeletal muscle and that NO derivatives influence various aspects of muscle function. Individual muscle fibres express one or both of the constitutive NO synthase (NOS) isoforms. Type I (neuronal) NOS is localized to the sarcolemma of fast fibres; type III (endothelial) NOS is associated with mitochondria. Isolated skeletal muscle produces NO at low rates under resting conditions and at higher rates during repetitive contraction. NO appears to mediate cell–cell interactions in muscle, including vasodilation and inhibition of leucocyte adhesion. NO also acts directly on muscle fibres to alter cell function. Muscle metabolism appears to be NO-sensitive at several sites, including glucose uptake, glycolysis, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and creatine kinase activity. NO also modulates muscle contraction, inhibiting force output by altering excitation–contraction coupling. The mechanisms of NO action are likely to include direct effects on redox-sensitive regulatory proteins, interaction with endogenous reactive oxygen species, and activation of second messengers such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In conclusion, research published over the past few years makes it clear that skeletal muscle produces NO and that endogenous NO modulates muscle function. Much remains to be learned, however, about the physiological importance of NO actions and about their underlying mechanisms.