血红蛋白浓度对非小细胞肺癌放疗疗效的影响

目的:探讨分析血红蛋白浓度与非小细胞肺癌放射治疗后的生存率及局部肿瘤控制率之间的关系。方法:1993年3月—1999年1月,选择收治非小细胞肺癌(Ⅰ期~Ⅲ期,T1~4N0~3M0)218例,于放射治疗前根据血红蛋白(Hb)浓度分3组(贫血组、正常组和高血红蛋白组)。根据放射治疗中血红蛋白浓度的变化分为2组(Hb升高组及Hb降低组)。全部病例均予以根治性放射治疗,常规分割。对其生存率及局部肿瘤控制率予以观察、对比分析。结果:放射治疗前升高血红蛋白量可提高非小细胞肺癌患者的局部肿瘤控制率及生存率;放射治疗中血红蛋白量的升高及降低对非小细胞肺癌患者的生存率有影响。结论:升高血红蛋白量可提高非小细胞肺癌患者的生存率及局部肿瘤控制率。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者高密度脂蛋白糖基化与妊高征发病的关系

目的：了解妊娠期糖尿病孕妇体内高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）糖化程度及受体代谢途径情况，探讨其与妊高征发病的关系。方法：用荧光法测定妊娠期糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白，≤８．０％为组Ⅰ，共３２例、＞８．０％为组Ⅱ，共３４例，并测定正常妊娠组３６例及正常非妊娠组３２例ＨＤＬ糖化值。用酶联免疫受体法观察ＨＤＬ与培养的人胚肺成纤维细胞表面受体特异结合情况。结果：妊娠期糖尿病患者组Ⅰ、组ⅡＨＤＬ糖化值明显高于正常妊娠组和正常非妊娠组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。其细胞结合、摄入和降解糖化ＨＤＬ均较正常妊娠组和正常非妊娠组升高，使细胞内总胆固醇含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：妊娠期糖尿病患者ＨＤＬ糖化值含量的变化及脂质沉积，可能是妊高征小动脉痉挛的原因之一。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血管内皮生长因子检测及意义

目的 探讨糖尿病肾病（DN）患者血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平变化.方法 用酶联免疫法测定60例糖尿病肾病组（DN组）、65例糖尿病非肾病组（NDN组）患者和40例正常对照组血浆中血VEGF、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）及尿微量白蛋白（UmALB）的水平.结果 DN组和NDN组患者VEGF、HbA1c及UmALB水平均明显高于正常对照组（P＜0.01）;DN组VEGF、HbA1c及UmALB明显高于NDN组（P＜0.01）;两组糖尿病患者血浆VEGF与HbA1c、UmALB水平呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）.结论 糖尿病患者血浆VEGF明显升高,可能参与DN的发生和发展过程.     

妊高征患者血HO-1的活性变化及意义

目的:探讨血红素氧合酶-1(Heme oxygennase-1,HO-1)在妊娠高血压综合征发病中的意义。方法:选取2002年6月~2003年6月在我院及省妇幼保健院产科住院的妊高征患者35例作为研究组,其中轻、中、重度妊高征患者分别为9、11、15例。另选20例同期住院的正常晚孕妇女作为对照组。分别应用分光光度计对两组孕妇血清的HO-1活性及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和血浆中的碳氧血红蛋白(HbCO)进行测定。结果:妊高征组HO-1、iNOS活性及HbCO的含量与对照组比较显著降低(P<0.05)。其中,轻度妊高征患者的HO-1及iNOS活性的下降与HbCO含量的降低与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),而中、重度则有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:血清HO-1活性的变化可能与妊高征的发病及病情发展有关。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者再灌注治疗预后的影响因素

【摘要】 目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者再灌注治疗预后的影响因素。方法 选取2012年1月～2015年1月于我院行再灌注治疗的126例STEMI患者作为研究对象,采用回顾性分析所有患者的临床及随访资料,根据其资料结果记录所有患者的性别、年龄、疾病史等一般临床资料,疾病情况、血红蛋白等相关临床指标水平以及再灌注治疗后的预后效果,并比较不同预后效果患者间上述资料的差异性。分析影响再灌注治疗STEMI患者预后的因素。结果 126例STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后预后好106例(8413%),预后差20例(1587%); 年龄≥60岁的STEMI患者其女性和糖尿病比例以及心功能killip分级较高,而吸烟和饮酒患者较少,血红蛋白水平较低,预后较差（P＜005）;中、重度贫血患者其女性、吸烟、糖尿病比例和年龄及心功能能killip分级均高于非贫血和轻度贫血者,且前两者预后更差比较差异间均具有统计学意义（P＜005）;既往存在糖尿病病史,有吸烟、喝酒习惯,心功能killip分级过高、血脂异常以及年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血的STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后其预后较差（P＜005）;经非条件多因素Lgistic回归模型分析显示,killip分级过高、血脂异常以及年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血是影响STEMI再灌注治疗预后效果的独立危险因素（P＜005）。结论 STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后的预后效果尚可,年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血等均为影响STEMI再灌注治疗预后效果的独立危险因素,可将其联合作为临床上评估STEMI患者经再灌注治疗预后效果的有效指标。     

Study of anemia in long-term care (SALT): prevalence of anemia and its relationship with the risk of falls in nursing home residents

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objectives of the current study were twofold. First, this study examined the prevalence of anemia in nursing home residents in the USA and its relationship with key resident characteristics and medical conditions. Second, the study explored whether an association between anemia and falls is evident in this same population.

Research design and methods: Chart review was conducted in 40 nursing homes across the USA. Residents were randomly sampled and considered eligible if they: were ≥18 years of age; had ≥1 hemoglobin (Hb) level reported during the data uptake period of 1/1/04–2/1/05 (first occurrence defined as index Hb); had a recorded serum creatinine level; maintained residency in the facility; and did not receive dialysis during the 6-month post-index follow-up period. Resident demographics, laboratory values, comorbid conditions, medication regimens, falling events, physical functioning measures, and hospitalizations were obtained from chart data. The relationship between selected resident characteristics and comorbidities was explored with index Hb level, using multiple linear regression. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between falling and recurrent falls with anemia (index Hb <13 g/dL and <12 g/dL in men and women ≥15 years, respectively) adjusting for selected variables presumed to be related to falls.

Limitations: Study limitations include the retrospective design and limited follow-up, potential for biased selection of relevant covariates, gaps in time between index Hb levels and falling events, non-random selection of nursing homes, limits to quality and detail in data extracted from residents’ medical charts, and confounding of anemia therapy with index hemoglobin level.

Results: A total of 564 sampled residents met the criteria for data completeness and were retained for analysis; of these, 70% were female. Mean age was 81 ± 12.3 years (±SD). Mean index Hb level was 11.9 ± 1.8 g/dL (12.2 ± 2.0 for males, 11.7 ± 1.6 for females). Of all residents studied, 56% were identified as anemic (64% males, 53% females) from index Hb level. In all, 53% of anemic residents were receiving an identified therapy, with 72% of these treated residents receiving iron. None received an erythropoietic-stimulating agent (ESA). For index Hb level, the regression coefficient was significant for female (p = 0.002), African-American race (p = 0.012), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m² (p < 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.004), cancer (p < 0.001), asthma (p = 0.002), GI bleeding (p = 0.012), and inflammatory disease (p = 0.039). Except for asthma, these factors were associated with a decrease in Hb. In the regression model for the dependent variable of falling, anemia (OR = 2.26, p < 0.001), psychoactive medication use (OR = 2.18, p = 0.001), and age 85+ years (OR = 2.08, p = 0.016) were associated with more than twice the risk of falling.

Conclusions: Anemia in nursing home residents appears to be under-recognized. For residents over 70 years, the prevalence of anemia in both male and female residents was approximately four times the rate reported in a study of older community dwellers (Salive et al., 1992). Both anemia and the use of psychoactive medications are potentially modifiable factors strongly associated with falling. Since falls and related fractures are events associated with high morbidity and mortality, each of these factors deserves special consideration for potentially reducing the risk of such events in the nursing home.     

Starch digestibility modulation significantly improves glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic subjects: A pilot study

Background and aimsIn type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, the reduction of glycemic variability and postprandial glucose excursions is essential to limit diabetes complications, beyond HbA1c level. This study aimed at determining whether increasing the content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) in T2D patients’ diet could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability compared with a conventional low-SDS diet.Methods and resultsFor this randomized cross-over pilot study, 8 subjects with T2D consumed a controlled diet for one week, containing starchy products high or low in SDS. Glycemic variability parameters were evaluated using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.Glycemic variability was significantly lower during High-SDS diet compared to Low-SDS diet for MAGE (Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions, p < 0.01), SD (Standard Deviation, p < 0.05), and CV (Coefficient of Variation, p < 0.01). The TIR (Time In Range) [140–180 mg/dL[ was significantly higher during High-SDS diet (p < 0.0001) whereas TIRs ≥180 mg/dL were significantly lower during High-SDS diet. Post-meals tAUC (total Area Under the Curve) were significantly lower during High-SDS diet.ConclusionOne week of High-SDS Diet in T2D patients significantly improves glycemic variability and reduces postprandial glycemic excursions. Modulation of starch digestibility in the diet could be used as a simple nutritional tool in T2D patients to improve daily glycemic control.Registration numberin clinicaltrials.gov: NCT 03289494.     

What Do We Need beyond Hemoglobin A1c to Get the Complete Picture of

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is currently the most commonly used marker for the determination of the glycemic status in people with diabetes and it is frequently used to guide therapy and especially medical treatment of people with diabetes. The measurement of HbA1c has reached a high level of analytical quality and, therefore, this biomarker is currently also suggested to be used for the diagnosis of diabetes. Nevertheless, it is crucial for people with diabetes and their treating physicians to be aware of possible interferences during its measurement as well as physiological or pathological factors that contribute to the HbA1c concentration without being related to glycemia, which are discussed in this review. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature based on PubMed searches on HbA1c in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes including its most relevant limitations, glycemic variability and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Although the high analytical quality of the HbA1c test is widely acknowledged, the clinical relevance of this marker regarding risk reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is still under debate. In this respect, we argue that glycemic variability as a further risk factor should deserve more attention in the treatment of diabetes.     

Hb F-Avellino [Gγ41(C7)Phe → Leu; HBG2: c.124 T > C]: A New Hemoglobin Variant Observed In A Healthy Newborn

Here we describe Hb F-Avellino [^Gγ41(C7)Phe?→?Leu; HBG2: c.124?T?>?C], a new hemoglobin (Hb) variant observed in a healthy newborn. The proband’s hemolysate was found to be mildly unstable by the isopropanol test. The occurrence of the variant was assessed by both chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. DNA sequencing analysis of the ^Gγ gene showed a T to C transition at codon 41 (TTC?>?CTC) corresponding to the Phe?→?Leu substitution. Normal functional properties have been hypothesized.     

高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗肝癌肝硬化脾功能亢进的疗效观察

目的：观察高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗肝癌肝硬化脾功能亢进的疗效。方法收集我院消化内科的住院患者,收集时间为2011年11月~2013年12月,共计21例,所有研究对象均诊断为由于肝癌肝硬化脾功能亢进,男16例,女5例,平均年龄(54.2±17.5)岁,随机分为A组,B组,C组,分别接受高强度聚焦超声90次、60次、30次。结果研究对象中最多见的不良反应是发热,共计5例,体温(37.6±0.4)℃,4例研究对象在治疗后1天有局部红肿,蜕皮,在皮肤科治疗后症状消失,继续治疗。所有研究对象在治疗间期均无内出血、腹腔积液增多、胸腔积液、周围脏器受损、及血尿现象。我们发现A组接受高强度聚焦超声治疗最多90次,其组在0月、1月、2月、3月时的白细胞、血红蛋白以及血小板最高,肿瘤缩小最大,C组接受高强度聚焦超声治疗最少30次,其组在0月、1月、2月、3月时的白细胞、血红蛋白以及血小板最低,肿瘤缩小最小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论随着高强度聚焦超声治疗次数的增加,肝癌肝硬化脾功能亢进患者白细胞、血红蛋白以及血小板恢复的越好,肿块缩小最大。