美国儿科学会最新新生儿黄疸诊疗指南

大多数新生儿可出现黄疸,大部分新生儿黄疸均较轻微,但由于胆红素毒性,严重高胆红素血症可导致胆红素脑病或核黄疸。为减少严重胆红素血症及胆红素脑症或核黄疸的发生,避免医疗资源的浪费,2004年8月美国儿科学会制定了新的新生儿黄疸诊疗指南。该指南强调了成功母乳喂养、黄疸出现时间、黄疸高危因素评估、严密随访和适时干预的重要性,制定了黄疸干预的流程图,提出了一些新的观点,值得我们借鉴。     

腺苷蛋氨酸治疗新生儿黄疸202例

目的观察腺苷蛋氨酸(SAMe)治疗新生儿黄疸的疗效,探讨其作用机制。方法新生儿黄疸患儿278例,随机分为两组。对照组76例予以肝酶诱导剂、光疗等综合治疗;治疗组202例在综合治疗基础上加用SAMe 30~60 mg/(kg.d),静脉注射。动态检测血清总胆红素(T-BILI)、直接胆红素(D-BILI)、间接胆红素(I-BILI)。结果治疗组用药6 d后血清T-BILI、D-BILII、-BILI明显下降。治疗组较对照组治愈率明显高,与对照比较应用血液制品、清蛋白(Alb)次数及应用血液制品、Alb血浆的比例明显减少。治疗组以葡萄糖注射液溶解药物者2.68%发生浅表血管静脉炎。结论SAMe能有效地加快新生儿黄疸的消退,减少血液制品应用,是新生儿黄疸可靠、安全的治疗药物。     

199例新生儿溶血病血液血清学检测结果分析

目的了解黄疸患儿中溶血病 （HDN）的发病率.方法血清学检查参照《输血技术手册》进行.结果 199例新生儿黄疸患儿的血清学检查中,阳性89例,其中ABO系统 85例,Rh系统4例.结论对新生儿黄疸患儿的血清学检查,可早期明确诊断,提高治愈率.     

苦黄颗粒与苦黄注射液治疗病毒性肝炎各46例的比较

目的 :比较苦黄颗粒与注射液治疗急、慢性肝炎的疗效。方法 :92例病毒性肝炎病人 ,分为 2组 ,每组 4 6例。颗粒组男性 31例 ,女性 15例 ,年龄(35±s 13)a ,予苦黄颗粒 6 g ,口服 ,每日 3次 ;对照组男性 37例 ,女性 9例 ,年龄 (34± 10 )a ,予苦黄注射液 30mL加入 5 %葡萄糖注射液 5 0 0mL ,静脉滴注 ,每日 1次。疗程均为 4～ 6wk。每隔 14d检查肝、肾功能。结果 :退黄时间颗粒组为 (2 6± 9)d ,有效率 89% (4 1/ 4 6 ) ;对照组退黄时间 (2 3± 11)d ,有效率 91% (4 2 / 4 6 ) ,2组间差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。肝、肾功能均有明显改善 ,与治疗前差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,2组间无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。不良反应轻微。结论 :苦黄颗粒有良好的退黄、降酶作用 ,不良反应少 ,与苦黄注射液类似 ,可作为治疗病毒性肝炎的一线用药。     

中药治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化引起的皮肤瘙痒2例

皮肤瘙痒是原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床常见症状之一，通过中医辨证施治，以养血润燥、祛风止痒法，或利湿退黄、祛风止痒法，有一定疗效。并举验案2则佐证。     

冷光源与常规蓝光治疗新生儿黄疸的临床效果比较

目的比较冷光源与常规蓝光在新生儿黄疸治疗中的临床疗效。方法选取本院收治的新生儿黄疸患儿，随机分为冷光源蓝光组和常规蓝光组，比较和分析两组的临床治疗效果和血清胆红素浓度。结果冷光源蓝光组的临床显效率和总有效率均显著高于常规蓝光组，无效率显著低于常规蓝光组，治疗后48、96h的血清胆红素浓度均显著低于常规蓝光组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论冷光源蓝光在新生儿黄疸的临床治疗过程中较常规蓝光具有更显著的疗效，可作为新生儿黄疸较理想的治疗方案进行临床推广和应用。     

Experimental Obstructive Jaundice Results in Oxidized Low-Density-Lipoprotein Accumulation in Surgical Wound of Rats

Introduction : Mounting evidence suggests that impaired wound healing is a well-defined consequence in obstructive jaundice and, as redox-regulated processes are relevant to wound healing, it is not unreasonable to suppose that oxidative stress associated with lipid peroxidation in cholestasis might be a systemic phenomenon probably comprising all tissues and organs, including wounds. The aim of the present investigation was to analyse the lipid peroxidation status of surgical wounds, in terms of oxidized low-density-lipoprotein (oxLDL) accumulation in experimental obstructive jaundice.

Methods : Sixteen Wistar-Albino rats weighing 200–230 gr were randomly divided into two groups. Group I (n = 8) was designed as the prolonged obstructive jaundice group and was subjected to bile duct ligation. Group II (Sham-control, n = 8) rats underwent laparotomy alone and bile duct was just dissected from the surrounding tissue. Histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemical screening and immunoflourescent staining of the surgical wound was conducted to the bile-duct ligated rats and control group on the 21^st postoperative day.

Results : Wound healing was found to be impaired in jaundiced rats histopathologically. When compared with the control group, significant positive oxLDL staining and intracellular accumulation of TNF-a, IL-2 and iL-6 was detected in the wound sections of the prolonged obstructive jaundice group.

Conclusion : Our present data is the first in the literature, indicating significant oxLDL accumulation in surgical wounds of cholestatic rats, which might be one of the results of systemic oxidative stress leading to deficient healing capacity as a consequence of persistent inflammation.