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81.
《Annales d'endocrinologie》2018,79(3):153-156
Treatment of Cushing's disease remains a challenge. Whereas pituitary surgery can “cure” the patient and restore a completely normal pituitary adrenal axis, there are immediate failures and late recurrences which ultimately require alternate therapeutic approaches. These are numerous, but so are their drawbacks, and all appear to be “default options”. For the future, pituitary adenoma has to remain the “reasonable obsession” of efficient and optimistic therapists… 相似文献
82.
83.
《Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology》2019,33(6):101491
Axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic disease characterised by new bone formation (NBF) in the axial skeleton as well as at peripheral entheseal sites. NBF is thought to arise in areas of previous inflammation or osteitis visualised on MRI, with mechanical stress playing a role in disease pathogenesis. The interface between bone and immune cells is complex with the RANKL-OPG system being key to NBF. The IL-17/23 axis and other cytokines such as TNFα and MIF are thought to play a central role. The transition from inflammation to NBF is mediated via the Wnt, BMP and Hedgehog signalling pathways. An altered microbiome has been reported in SpA, which is a potential trigger of NBF in SpA. There is now data to show that treatment with TNF inhibitors prevents NBF and hence modifies disease progression. More research into identifying newer targets for disease modification is needed to alter the course of the disease. 相似文献
84.
Maria Rosaria A Muscatello Antonio Bruno Giuseppe Scimeca Gianluca Polfo Rocco A Zoccali 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2014,20(24):7570-7586
Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is regarded as a multifactorial disease in which alterations in the brain-gut axis signaling play a major role.The biopsychosocial model applied to the understanding of IBS pathophysiology assumes that psychosocial factors,interacting with peripheral/central neuroendocrine and immune changes,may induce symptoms of IBS,modulate symptom severity,influence illness experience and quality of life,and affect outcome.The present review focuses on the role of negative affects,including depression,anxiety,and anger,on pathogenesis and clinical expression of IBS.The potential role of the autonomic nervous system,stress-hormone system,and immune system in the pathophysiology of both negative affects and IBS are taken into account.Psychiatric comorbidity and subclinical variations in levels of depression,anxiety,and anger are further discussed in relation to the main pathophysiological and symptomatic correlates of IBS,such as sensorimotor functions,gut microbiota,inflammation/immunity,and symptom reporting. 相似文献
85.
《Transfusion Clinique et Biologique》2021,28(4):370-374
IntroductionFetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a potentially devastating disease, seen in 1/800–1000 neonates. FNAIT is the most common cause of early-onset isolated severe neonatal thrombocytopenia in maternity wards. A working group on fetomaternal platelet alloimmunization was created in 2017, under the auspices on the French Group of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (GFHT).ObjectivesThe objective was to survey clinical practices for management of high-risk pregnancies in a context of suspected or confirmed FNAIT.MethodsRecommendations published by the ICTMG were translated in French, and discussed (Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: recommendations for evidence-based practice, an international approach. British J of Haematology, 2019, 185, 549–562).ResultsThe study involved centers from France, Switzerland and Belgium: Angers, Besançon, Bordeaux, Brest, Créteil/Clamart, Genève, Grenoble, Liège, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Nantes, Nîmes, Paris (hôpitaux Necker, Robert Debré et Trousseau), Poitiers, Rennes, Saint-Etienne, Strasbourg, Toulouse, Tours.ConclusionsExpert opinion was validated on September 23, 2020 (consensus ≥ 90%). 相似文献
86.
87.
Puberty marks the beginning of a period of dramatic physical, hormonal, and social change. This instability has made adolescence infamous as a time of “storm and stress” and it is well-established that stress during adolescence can be particularly damaging. However, prior stress may also shape the adolescent experience. In the present series of experiments, we observed sex-specific effects of early-life maternal separation stress on the timing of puberty onset in the rat. Specifically, stressed females exhibited earlier pubertal onset compared to standard-reared females, whereas stressed males matured later than their standard-reared counterparts. Further, we demonstrated that a probiotic treatment restores the normative timing of puberty onset in rodents of both sexes. These results are in keeping with previous findings that probiotics reverse stress-induced changes in learned fear behaviors and stress hormone levels, highlighting the remarkable and wide-ranging restorative effects of probiotics in the context of early-life stress. 相似文献
88.
Claudia Emanuele Carvalho-Sousa Eliana P. Pereira Gabriela S. Kinker Mariana Veras Zulma S. Ferreira Fernanda P. Barbosa-Nunes Joilson O. Martins Paulo H.N. Saldiva Russel J. Reiter Pedro A. Fernandes Sanseray da Silveira Cruz-Machado Regina P. Markus 《Journal of pineal research》2020,68(3):e12636
Environmental pollution in the form of particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a major risk factor for diseases such as lung cancer, chronic respiratory infections, and major cardiovascular diseases. Our goal was to show that PM2.5 eliciting a proinflammatory response activates the immune-pineal axis, reducing the pineal synthesis and increasing the extrapineal synthesis of melatonin. Herein, we report that the exposure of rats to polluted air for 6 hours reduced nocturnal plasma melatonin levels and increased lung melatonin levels. Melatonin synthesis in the lung reduced lipid peroxidation and increased PM2.5 engulfment and cell viability by activating high-affinity melatonin receptors. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) promoted the synthesis of melatonin in a cultured cell line (RAW 264.7 cells) and rat alveolar macrophages via the expression of the gene encoding for AANAT through a mechanism dependent on activation of the NFκB pathway. Expression of the genes encoding AANAT, MT1, and MT2 was negatively correlated with cellular necroptosis, as disclosed by analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray data from the human alveolar macrophages of nonsmoking subjects. The enrichment score for antioxidant genes obtained from lung gene expression data (GTEx) was significantly correlated with the levels of AANAT and MT1 but not the MT2 melatonin receptor. Collectively, these data provide a systemic and mechanistic rationale for coordination of the pineal and extrapineal synthesis of melatonin by a standard damage-associated stimulus, which activates the immune-pineal axis and provides a new framework for understanding the effects of air pollution on lung diseases. 相似文献
89.
Jan Detka Joanna Ślusarczyk Anna Kurek Mateusz Kucharczyk Tomasz Adamus Paweł Konieczny Marta Kubera Agnieszka Basta-Kaim Władysław Lasoń Bogusława Budziszewska 《Pharmacological reports : PR》2019,71(2):338-346
Background
In depression, excessive glucocorticoid action may cause maladaptive brain changes, including in the pathways controlling energy metabolism. Insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), besides regulation of glucose homeostasis, also possess neurotrophic properties. Current study was aimed at investigating the influence of prenatal stress (PS) on insulin, GLP-1 and their receptor (IR and GLP-1R) levels in the hypothalamus. GLP-1 and GLP-1R were assayed also in the hippocampus and frontal cortex – brain regions mainly affected in depression. The second objective was to determine the influence of exendin-4 and insulin on CRH promoter gene activity in in vitro conditions.Methods
Adult male PS rats were subjected to acute stress and/or received orally glucose. Levels of hormones and their receptors were assayed with ELISA method. In vitro studies were performed on mHypoA-2/12?hypothalamic cell line, stably transfected with CRH promoter coupled with luciferase.Results
PS has reduced GLP-1 and GLP-1R levels, attenuated glucose-induced increase in insulin concentration and increased the amount of phosphorylated IR in the hypothalamus of animals subjected to additional stress stimuli, and also decreased the GLP-1R level in the hippocampus. In vitro studies demonstrated that insulin is capable of increasing CRH promoter activity in the condition of stimulation of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the applied cellular model.Conclusion
Prenatal stress may act as a preconditioning factor, affecting the concentrations of hormones such as insulin and GLP-1 in the hypothalamus in response to adverse stimuli. The decreased GLP-1R level in the hippocampus could be linked with the disturbances in neuronal plasticity. 相似文献90.
B cells are recognized as the main effector cells of humoral immunity which suppress tumor progression by secreting immunoglobulins, promoting T cell response, and killing cancer cells directly. Given these properties, their anti-tumor immune response in the tumor micro-environment (TME) is of great interest. Although T cell-related immune responses have become a therapeutic target with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, not all patients benefit from these treatments. B cell and B cell-related pathways (CCL19, −21/CCR7 axis and CXCL13/CXCR5 axis) play key roles in activating immune response through humoral immunity and local immune activation via tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation. However they have some protumorigenic works in the TME. Thus, a better understanding of B cell and B cell-related pathways is necessary to develop effective cancer control. In this review, we summarize recent evidences regarding the roles of B cell and B cell-related pathways in the TME and immune response and discuss their potential roles for novel cancer treatment strategies. 相似文献