医院船医疗系统软件研制

目的：实现医院船伤员医疗后送的信息共享管理,提高海上伤员救治的总体效能。方法：运用战伤救治、软件工程、综合集成等理论与技术,研究、建立医疗后送信息化工作模式,研制、使用医院船医疗系统软件。结果：研制的医院船医疗系统软件可实现伤员救治、辅助检查、药材保障、组织指挥等信息的综合集成。结论：使用医院船医疗系统软件可充分利用卫生资源配置．并提升伤员医疗后送的综合能力。     

医院财务管理信息化中存在的问题及其对策

随着当代信息技术的普遍应用,财务信息管理的职能也应当逐渐向以核算为主,兼向管理和控制职能发展,财务管理信息化也随之应运而生。由于会计软件设计的局限性及医院财务工作人员对财务信息管理和控制职能意识的薄弱,致医院财务管理信息化能力较低。针对上述问题提出改进的意见和建议。     

实验教学管理软件的研究方案

目的：开发研制实验室管理软件,形成理论教学与实验教学并重的模式。方法：应用css/div标准化结构进行登录界面的设计,建立浏览器登录界面,设置用户登录及身份验证。结果：该实验教学管理软件不仅可在网上预约实验,还能够随时查询实验课程的安排及内容,查询实验室的使用情况、实验室仪器的管理、使用情况。结论：实验教学管理软件在实现实验室的信息化管理的同时,可提高已有教学资源的利用率,促进教育教学改革的发展,对于学生科研意识及动手能力的培养起到很大作用。     

Educational Technologies in Problem-Based Learning in Health Sciences Education: A Systematic Review

BackgroundAs a modern pedagogical philosophy, problem-based learning (PBL) is increasingly being recognized as a major research area in student learning and pedagogical innovation in health sciences education. A new area of research interest has been the role of emerging educational technologies in PBL. Although this field is growing, no systematic reviews of studies of the usage and effects of educational technologies in PBL in health sciences education have been conducted to date.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to review new and emerging educational technologies in problem-based curricula, with a specific focus on 3 cognate clinical disciplines: medicine, dentistry, and speech and hearing sciences. Analysis of the studies reviewed focused on the effects of educational technologies in PBL contexts while addressing the particular issue of scaffolding of student learning.MethodsA comprehensive computerized database search of full-text articles published in English from 1996 to 2014 was carried out using 3 databases: ProQuest, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. Eligibility criteria for selection of studies for review were also determined in light of the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) guidelines. The population was limited to postsecondary education, specifically in dentistry, medicine, and speech and hearing sciences, in which PBL was the key educational pedagogy and curriculum design. Three types of educational technologies were identified as interventions used to support student inquiry: learning software and digital learning objects; interactive whiteboards (IWBs) and plasma screens; and learning management systems (LMSs).ResultsOf 470 studies, 28 were selected for analysis. Most studies examined the effects of learning software and digital learning objects (n=20) with integration of IWB (n=5) and LMS (n=3) for PBL receiving relatively less attention. The educational technologies examined in these studies were seen as potentially fit for problem-based health sciences education. Positive outcomes for student learning included providing rich, authentic problems and/or case contexts for learning; supporting student development of medical expertise through the accessing and structuring of expert knowledge and skills; making disciplinary thinking and strategies explicit; providing a platform to elicit articulation, collaboration, and reflection; and reducing perceived cognitive load. Limitations included cumbersome scenarios, infrastructure requirements, and the need for staff and student support in light of the technological demands of new affordances.ConclusionsThis literature review demonstrates the generally positive effect of educational technologies in PBL. Further research into the various applications of educational technology in PBL curricula is needed to fully realize its potential to enhance problem-based approaches in health sciences education.     

Using Online Social Media for Recruitment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Participants: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background

There are many challenges in recruiting and engaging participants when conducting research, especially with HIV-positive individuals. Some of these challenges include geographical barriers, insufficient time and financial resources, and perceived HIV-related stigma.

Objective

This paper describes the methodology of a recruitment approach that capitalized on existing online social media venues and other Internet resources in an attempt to overcome some of these barriers to research recruitment and retention.

Methods

From May through August 2013, a campaign approach using a combination of online social media, non-financial incentives, and Web-based survey software was implemented to advertise, recruit, and retain participants, and collect data for a survey study with a limited budget.

Results

Approximately US $5,000 was spent with a research staff designated at 20% of full-time effort, yielding 2034 survey clicks, 1404 of which met the inclusion criteria and initiated the survey, for an average cost of US $3.56 per survey initiation. A total of 1221 individuals completed the survey, yielding 86.97% retention.

Conclusions

These data indicate that online recruitment is a feasible and efficient tool that can be further enhanced by sophisticated online data collection software and the addition of non-financial incentives.     

应用GQI技术对小脑髓质的初步研究

目的　应用基于GQI的弥散成像方法,对小脑的纤维束进行重建和显示,为小脑疾病的影像诊断进行解剖学和技术上的探索。  方法　首先把10例脑连接组项目的磁共振弥散数据导入DSI-studio软件,然后依次用该软件中的GQI（Generalized Q-sampling imaging）成像技术和流线算法（streamline algorithm）对与小脑有关的纤维束进行重建和显示。  结果　（1）在DSI-studio软件的二维和三维界面中显示了小脑三对脚的位置和交叉情况;（2）显示了小脑3对脚与脊髓、延髓、脑桥、中脑、端脑等的连接情况及其主要纤维成分。  结论　应用GQI技术可以对小脑白质进行重建和显示,为小脑疾病的影像学诊断提供技术和结构学上的帮助。     

基于CiteSpace的我国造血干细胞移植护理相关文献的可视化分析

目的分析我国造血干细胞移植护理研究文献,探讨造血干细胞移植护理的发展趋势、研究热点,为造血干细胞移植临床护理工作及相关研究提供借鉴和参考。方法在中国知网数据库(CNKI)于1995-2018年收录的文献中,以主题词造血干细胞移植护理进行检索,应用可视化分析软件CiteSpace进行文献计量学分析。结果共检索出622篇文献,发文量总体上呈现增加的趋势,发文量最多的机构是苏州大学附属第一医院血液科,高频关键词为护理、造血干细胞移植、异基因造血干细胞移植、自体造血干细胞移植等,突现词为自体造血干细胞移植、患者、层流室等。结论造血干细胞移植护理日益受到护理研究人员的关注,但发文机构及作者之间缺乏合作与交流;口腔黏膜炎相关护理研究是造血干细胞移植未来的发展趋势和研究热店。     

应用Infopoll软件实现基于德尔菲法的医保预算影响分析数据获取

医保预算影响分析作为药物经济学评价的重要辅助手段,能有效衡量医保基金的可负担性,在医保准入谈判、医保报销目录调整和支付价格的制定过程中作用显著。医保预算影响分析的数据质量对分析结果影响较大,影响卫生决策的科学性,在现有数据无法满足要求的情况,需借助相关软件采用德尔菲法来保障数据准确性。Infopoll软件是一个功能强大、易于操作的应用软件,可通过提供多种问题选择和多形式的答案设置来制定专家咨询问卷,并提供详细的统计图表进行结果分析。本文采用实例剖析的方式,对应用该软件实现基于德尔菲法的医保预算影响分析数据获取进行简要介绍,并分析主要结果。     

Formulation of a drinkable peanut-based therapeutic food for malnourished children using plant sources

High ingredient costs continue to hamper local production of therapeutic foods (TFs). Development of formulations without milk, the most expensive ingredient, is one way of reducing cost. This study formulated a ready-to-drink peanut-based TF that matched the nutrient composition of F100 using plant sources. Three least cost formulations namely, A, B and C were designed using computer formulation software with peanuts, beans, sesame, cowpeas and grain amaranth as ingredients. A 100 g portion of the TF provided 101–111 kcal, 5 g protein and 5.3–6.5 g fat. Consumer acceptability hedonic tests showed that the products were liked (extremely and moderately) by 62–65% of mothers. These results suggest that nutrient dense TFs formulated from only plant sources have the potential to be used in the rehabilitation phase of the management of malnourished children after clinical testing.     

A Multivariate Analysis of the Predictors of Long-Term Care Placement

In this paper the authors investigate the predictors of long-term care placement. Regression analysis is used to estimate a multivariate placement model. Variables found to be significantly related to placement are sex, marital status, help from relatives, client and family preferences, index of ADL, number of medical conditions, ability to take medications, ability to make decisions, and income. The estimated function explained 68 percent of the variance. Discriminant analysis and logistic regressions were used to evaluate the performance of the estimated placement function. The authors stress the importance of learning more about the placement process before making causal inferences about the cost-effectiveness of alternative long term care settings.