Universal Design and Assistive Technology in Communication and Information Technologies: Alternatives or Complements?

Universal design and assistive technology present advantages and disadvantages in accommodating the needs of people with disabilities. The best solution may be a combination of the two, using universal design wherever possible and commercially practical and using assistive technologies wherever it is necessary or provides sufficient additional advantage to the user. Three approaches are discussed for the individual who is unable to interact with their world: change the individual, provide them with tools they can use, or change the environment. Examples of each are illustrated using personal workstations and shared, public, and encountered systems. The final decision may rest on commercial practicality, and several new technologies are explored. Ultimately, we need to continue to move forward both on the universal design and the assistive technology fronts if we are to address the needs of people with disabilities and those who are aging.     

Current Trends in Rehabilitation Engineering in Japan

In 2005, the elderly generation comprised 20% of the Japanese population. This percentage will grow to approximately 30% in 2030, meaning that nearly one in three people in Japan will be 65 years of age or older. Japan is the first nation in the world to face this situation. This article uses the context of Japanese society to give an overview of the elderly and people with disabilities; the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model; rehabilitation engineering-related policy; and education. In addition, we examine how governmental programs and Japanese law regarding technical aids may evolve by 2030. Partner robots, intelligent powered wheelchairs, nursing robots, and other technologies are introduced as examples of rehabilitation engineering and assistive technology. We also discuss the volunteer activities of the Rehabilitation Engineering Society of Japan (RESJA) in response to the Asian tsunami disaster and the achievements of a group of students from a Japanese senior high school of industry.     

Using assistive technology for schoolwork: the experience of children with physical disabilities

Aim.?This study explored the experience of children with physical disabilities using assistive technology for participation with schoolwork to gain a greater understanding of their perspectives and subjective experiences.

Method.?A qualitative study involving thematic analysis of in-depth interviews of the child with a parent or significant adult. Purposeful sampling from a larger study recruited five children aged between 10 and 14 years, with differing physical disabilities who attended mainstream schools. All children used computer-based assistive technology.

Results.?All of the children recognised that assistive technology enabled them to participate and reduced the impact of their physical disability, allowing independent participation, and facilitated higher learning outcomes. Issues related to ease of use, social implications and assistive technology systems are discussed.     

二维斑点追踪技术对糖尿病患者心脏舒缩功能的研究

目的 运用二维斑点追踪技术（STI）评价糖尿病患者的心脏收缩和舒张功能.方法 对28例糖尿病无血管并发症（DM Ⅰ组）,19例糖尿病合并血管并发症（DM Ⅱ组）及27例健康体健者（对照组）行常规二维超声,录取图像后导入EchoPAC分析软件,用斑点追踪技术对左室应变及扭转进行定量分析.结果 DM Ⅰ组及DM Ⅱ组与对照组比较,纵向应变和扭转角度峰值减小,扭转速度达峰时间缩短,解旋速度达峰时间延长、扭转速度峰值、解旋速度峰值及解旋率均减小,且随着并发症的出现差异更明显.结论 STI技术可以定量评价糖尿病患者的心脏收缩和舒张功能.     

丹参药材指纹图谱提取方法研究

目的:优选丹参药材提取方法,为其指纹图谱的研究提供依据。方法:采用C18柱,乙腈-0.35%冰醋酸溶液梯度程序洗脱,以丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量为指标并结合图谱,综合考察甲醇-50%甲醇、95%乙醇-水两套溶剂系统提取丹参药材的效果。结果:以甲醇超声提取1次,40min,再用50%甲醇超声提取1次,40min,提取方法简便,分离度良好。结论:此方法可作为丹参药材指纹图谱的研究基础。     

Membrane technology for optimizing process optimization of small bioactive compounds in Mailuoning Injection factory effluene北大核心CSCD

Objective: To enrich small bioactive compounds from Mailuoning Injection factory effluene by polyether sulfoxide hollow fiber membrane. Methods: The retention rate of the common polymer (protein, tannin, starch, and pectin) and the permeability of the small molecule pharmacodynamic substance chlorogenic acid were the indicators, and the stop time and membrane type in ultrafiltration process were optimized. The temperature, pressure, and feed rate were investigated to determine the influence degree of each factor on the permeability and retention rate, and then the optimum process parameters of the ultrafiltration membrane process were optimized by using Box-Behnken design-response surface method. Results: The sequence of common polymer retention rate from high to low is: the influencing factor A (temperature), B (pressure), C (feed rate), and there was a negative correlation with the temperature. For the chlorogenic acid transmission rate, the influencing factor A (temperature) was larger than B (pressure), and C (feed rate) was lowest. There was a “∩” relationship between chlorogenic acid permeability and pressure at a certain temperature and rate. The results of optimized process were as follows: liquid temperature was 35 ℃, feed rate was 262 mL/min, and membrane pressure was 15.0 psi (1 psi = 6.895 kPa). The chlorogenic acid transmission rate was (91.470 ± 0.988)%, and polymer retention rate was (80.080 ± 2.296)%. The comprehensive score was (85.780 ± 1.641)% and RSD was 0.46%. There was a small difference between the two processes. Conclusion: Hollow fiber membrane, which is a sustainable and green resource utilization, has a good permeability for small bioactive compounds in wastewater, and has excellent retaining effect on common macromolecules. © 2019, Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All right reserved.     

卫星遥感影像中草地信息自动提取方法的研究

采用遥感图像处理ERDAS IMAGINE软件和ETM资料,进行了乌恰县草地信息自动提取技术研究.结果证明,选择7-8月时相,ETM432和543波段合成,经几何校正和增强处理,通过交互的非监督分类提取草地信息,结合非遥感资料辅助以及专家知识参与可以获得比较满意的结果.     

基于信息技术的社区卫生服务绩效管理模式设计

本研究针对社区卫生服务绩效管理工作中的实际问题,探讨社区卫生服务与信息技术之间的结合点,设计社区卫生服务经费测算模型、评分基准、考核方案、异常绩效分析知识库等,以期通过信息化手段提升社区卫生服务绩效管理效率,构建基于信息技术的新型社区卫生服务绩效考核标准循证机制、信息流通机制和过程监督反馈机制。     

人类辅助生殖技术子代安全性问题

人类辅助生殖技术(ART)日渐成熟,已成为广大不孕不育患者克服疾病困扰获得后代的可靠助孕手段。围绕ART采用的相关医疗手段及对配子和早期胚胎采取的多种实验室干预措施如体外授精、卵胞浆内单精子注射、胚胎植入前遗传学诊断、胚胎冷冻保存及冻融胚胎复苏技术等对ART子代的安全性存在的影响,已成为生殖医学领域研究的重点。研究表明,ART子代和自然妊娠子代的健康状况相似,辅助生殖技术是相对安全的。然而,受ART子代年龄和群体样本量影响,研究只能阐述ART子代出生后早期的随访,尚无权威证据揭示其对子代成年后的远期影响,也无法证明这些研究结论是否与ART适应证、夫妻双方不孕原因、母体年龄、遗传因素、IVF技术本身、IVF相关的不良围产结局等是否存在相关性。对 ART 助孕的子代安全性问题进行综述,讨论ART常规技术与出生缺陷、ART与早产、ART与低体质量儿、ART子代生长发育评估、ART子代的精神健康等问题,为人类ART安全有效的应用提供依据。     

区块链技术在医联体建设中的应用探讨

介绍医联体的内涵和区块链技术的特征,阐述区块链技术在医联体中具体应用,包括建立医疗大数据、医疗机构认证等方面,提出应用中面临的问题和挑战以及相应应对措施。